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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under experimental conditions, fenbendazole given at doses of 0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight suppressed calves' faecal output of Ostertagia and Cooperia species eggs and Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. Both dose levels were given in the form of small daily drenches and the higher level showed greater efficacy. In a grazing experiment, medication with fenbendazole at 1.0 mg/kg/day administered intermittently to calves using an automatic dose dispenser almost completely suppressed the output of trichostrongylid eggs. As a result, infection on the pasture and in the calves remained at a low level throughout the grazing season. By contrast, control pasture and control calves showed rather heavy infection from mid-August onwards with significantly lower weight gains and widespread signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. At post mortem examination of representative calves from each group in November, the medicated animals had 99 per cent less Ostertagia species, whether adults or larvae arrested at the early fourth stage, and 95 per cent less Cooperia species compared with controls. Medication in the drinking water suppressed the faecal output of D viviparus larvae for most of the grazing season by comparison with the controls but the medicated calves became infected with this parasite towards the end of the season. Until this problem is overcome, precautions against parasitic bronchitis are advised when this system of medication is adopted.
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PMID:Efficacy of low doses of fenbendazole and its administration via drinking water in the prophylaxis of nematodiasis in grazing calves. 315 60

The Harvard Air Pollution Health Study has been a ten year prospective study of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of children and adults living in six U.S. communities. Indices of acute and chronic effects of air pollution exposures have been studied. Evidence is presented for adverse effects of ambient and indoor air pollution on children. Relationships between ambient TSP concentrations and hospital emergency room admissions, temporary decreases in pulmonary functions and prevalence of community bronchitis all indicate a slight adverse effect. Refinements of these relationships will occur when fine fraction and acid sulfate aerosol concentrations are incorporated into the health analysis. Exposures to cigarette smoke at home are associated with increased reported respiratory symptoms in children. There is a negative relationship between maternal smoking and age and sex adjusted height for children. Results from indoor and personal exposure studies have lead to the design of an acute symptoms and indoor air pollution study. Between 1985 and 1988 1800 children will be tracked for a year while respirable particles, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor and air exchange will be measured in their homes. Using continuous sulfate/sulfuric acid monitors built at Harvard, we are characterizing the magnitude, duration and frequency of acid aerosol events in each of our study cities. This information will be utilized in the analysis of the respiratory symptom data. The Harvard Air Pollution Health Study is providing information on the relationship among health variables and air pollutant exposures. In addition, this study will add to our understanding of lung growth and aging and the risk factors associated with chronic respiratory disabilities.
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PMID:Harvard Air Pollution Health Study in six cites in the U.S.A. 383 6

The therapeutic effects of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various pediatric infections. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from 12 days after birth to 12 years old suffering from bronchopneumonia in 10 cases, urinary tract infection in 6 cases, pharyngitis in 2 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 2 cases, suppurative meningitis, cervical abscess, mastoiditis, peritonitis, bronchitis in 1 case each, total of 25 cases. As regards method of administration, CMNX from a vial was dissolved in physiological saline or distilled water for injection, and the solution was administered by 3 to 5 minutes one shot intravenous injection (15 cases), or CMNX was diluted with large volume parenteral product and administered by 30 to 60 minutes drip infusion (10 cases). The dosage of the drug was 21.3 to 165.5 mg/kg/day. The administration was continued for 3 to 13 days except 1 case. As regards clinical efficacy, good or excellent results were obtained in all cases except 3 cases, 1 case was urinary tract infection with cerebral palsy and vesicoureteral reflux, and 1 case was bronchopneumonia with Down syndrome and endocardial cushion defect, the other was suppurative meningitis. Total effective rate was 88%. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings obviously attributable to CMNX were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effects of cefminox in the treatment of various infections of infants and children]. 389 8

Rates of in vitro protein synthesis were monitored during an 8-week period in male broilers and Leghorns. The birds received vaccinations during Weeks 2 and 5 posthatching for Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis by the administration of a standard dose of the mixed vaccine in the drinking water. Both types of birds exhibited a marked decline in the rate of protein synthesis during each week after vaccination. The decline in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels were not as pronounced as those for protein synthesis, but DNA concentrations did tend to reflect the protein pattern between Weeks 5 and 6. Live weight of both types of birds increased at a steady rate throughout the period, but grams of carcass protein accrued per week followed the protein synthesis rate patterns during the 8-week period. The results suggest that Leghorns are more susceptible than broilers to the stress of vaccination.
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PMID:Muscle protein synthesis and growth of two strains of chicks vaccinated for Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis. 620 19

The pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis in 4-week-old chickens was studied following administration of Australian T strain of IBV by the aerosol, conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact and drinking water routes. Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds. In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A3 and T strains of IBV were compared in 18-day-old chickens infected by the aerosol route and housed in cold and warm environments. All 4 strains produced respiratory reactions and kidney lesions, and these changes were more severe and of longer duration in both respiratory tract and kidneys in the birds housed in a cold environment than those receiving supplementary heat. The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney.
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PMID:The effect of route of infection and strain of virus on the pathology of Australian infectious bronchitis. 631 63

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

Haemophilus influenzae is the bacteria most commonly found in chronical bronchitis not treated by antibiotic therapy. Experimental studies have suggested that the destruction of the ciliated respiratory epithelium is in conjunction with the toxic product of the cell-wall of this bacteria. Endotoxin is extracted by phenol-water procedure. Toxicity is reduced by mild hydrolysis. Antigenicity of the preparation is controlled by gel diffusion in a parallel sides-tank diffusion and electroimmunodiffusion. These methods show that common antigenicity is not affected by hydrolysis. After immunisation by that preparation, circulating antibodies are detected by passive hemagglutination and immuno-precipitation. The immunized rabbits have agglutinin titer of 1 : 256th. Antigenicity of this bacterial extract is preserved and the preparation is still immunogenic.
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PMID:[Studies on an extract from Haemophilus influenzae type a. I.--Antigenic and immunogenic studies (author's transl)]. 676 51

The authors report 7 cases of allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and bronchitis, induced by non-occupational contact with pet-fish food. Food for pet fish contains proteins of a variety of arthropod species (larvae and adult forms) --e.g. Chironomus, Daphnia, brine shrimps and others --as well as fresh-water worms such as Tubifex, Enchytraea etc. Thus far only hemoglobins of Chironomus have been well studied with regard to their antigenic role; sensitization against Chironomus was noticed in most of our patients. Daphnia is also known to be a specific allergen. Atopic patients often become sensitized against further respiratory allergens (5 out of the 7 patients had a previous allergy against pollen). Accordingly, patients with respiratory diseases of already known allergic origin should, in our opinion, give up not only mammals or birds as household pets but also an aquarium.
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PMID:["Aquarium allergy": fish food, another domestic allergen]. 686 55

A new method for evaluating in vivo effect of mucolytic expectorants was devised. In this report, however, the focus is placed on methodology but not on pharmacology. Rabbits with subacute bronchitis were prepared by long-term exposure to minute amounts of SO2 gas. The sputum was quantitatively collected from the animal through a tracheal cannula at suitable time intervals according to the Perry and Boyd's method. As a preliminary study, changes in volume, viscosity and amounts of freeze-dried substance of sputa were examined after intraduodenal administration of water instead of mucolytic expectorants, the effects of which will be described in the subsequent paper, but no significant changes occurred with this test.
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PMID:A new method for evaluating mucolytic expectorant activity and its application. I. Methodology. 720 5

Age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) per 100 000 for the leading causes of death were calculated for 1970 for Asians, Coloureds and Blacks and compared with the MRs of Whites for the economically active age-group of 15 - 64 years. Marked differences in mortality patterns were shown by this comparison. At the one extreme were the Whites in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were ischaemic heart disease, motor vehicle accidents, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), cancer of the digestive system and bronchitis and associated respiratory diseases--a mortality pattern which is characteristic of a developed Western community. At the other extreme were the Blacks in whom the five leading causes of death in rank order were "ill-defined" diseases, the pneumonias, tuberculosis, CVA and homicide and unspecified violence -- a mortality pattern commonly seen in less developed communities. Reducing mortality in the various populations will not come about by spending more money on hospital-bases curative medicine but by greater emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Quite different health strategies are needed to reduce mortality in the Whites and Asians on the one hand, and the Coloureds and Blacks on the other. The health strategies required for Whites and Asians involve behavioural changes in lifestyles, whereas for Coloureds and Blacks they involve elementary public health measures such as clean water, proper sanitation, better housing improved nutrition and health education.
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PMID:The loss from premature deaths of economically active manpower in the various populations of the RSA. Part I. Leading causes of death: health strategies for reducing mortality. 728 Aug 86


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