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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three groups of 8 first year grazing calves each were either left untreated as controls (group 1), or were treated with 10 mg levamisole spot-on/kg bodyweight (group 2) or with 0.5 mg ivermectin pour-on/kg bodyweight 3, 8, and 13 weeks after turnout (group 3), respectively. Egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm counts of tracer calves, pepsinogen concentrations and weight gains showed a high efficacy of the strategic treatment in group 3 against gastrointestinal nematodes. The calves of group 1 and 2 developed clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis whereas the group 3 animals remained clinically healthy. The strategic treatment with ivermectin cleaned the respective pasture from infective lungworm larvae.
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PMID:The efficacy of strategic treatments with ivermectin pour-on against trichostrongylid and lungworm infections in first year grazing calves in northern Germany. 183 89

When they were turned out to grass in May 1987 for their first season, 10 calves were dosed with a 5 x 750 mg oxfendazole pulse release bolus (OPRB) and a monensin sodium rumen delivery device (RDD); eight calves received one OPRB; 10 calves received one RDD and eight calves received neither bolus. Each group was set-stocked on individual paddocks which had been grazed during the previous season by cattle which developed clinical parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis (husk). In July, before they were due to be moved to new pastures in mid-summer, and before they were dosed strategically with levamisole HCl, some of the calves not dosed with an OPRB succumbed to clinical parasitic gastroenteritis and husk and received emergency anthelmintic treatment, after which no further clinical episodes occurred. The 'dose and move' strategy was implemented in early August after which both groups not dosed with an OPRB were set-stocked together until the trial ended on October 14, 147 days after turn out. The two groups of calves which had received the OPRB were also moved to new pasture and set-stocked together until the end of the trial. No evidence of clinical helminthiases developed in either of the two groups of calves dosed with OPRBs and their faecal worm egg and larval counts, and plasma pepsinogen activities remained low. They gained significantly more weight than the two groups of calves not dosed with OPRBs (P less than 0.001). The bolus types were compatible and induced no untoward side-effects when used together.
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PMID:Concurrent use of the oxfendazole pulse release bolus and the monensin rumen delivery device in young grazing cattle. 277 30

The efficacy of the oxfendazole pulse release bolus system for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis and parasitic bronchitis in first-season grazing calves was evaluated in Belgium. Twenty-two calves were allocated to two groups. The calves in one group received a bolus at the time of turn out, while the other group remained untreated. The efficacy of the bolus was assessed by comparison of faecal worm egg counts, plasma pepsinogen concentrations, the antibody response to Ostertagia, Cooperia and Dictyocaulus species total plasma protein and albumin concentrations, and weight gains throughout the grazing season and the housing period. The oxfendazole pulse release bolus provided good control of parasitic gastroenteritis dominated by ostertagia. The effects of parasitic gastritis were greatly reduced as shown by the significantly lower values of serum pepsinogen and ostertagia antibody titres. The use of the bolus further reduced the adverse effects of parasitism as indicated by better liveweight gains and normal total plasma protein and albumin concentrations whereas in the untreated control group hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were observed. Most animals exhibited clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis at the end of the grazing season, and the bolus may not adequately control parasitic bronchitis in all cases at all times.
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PMID:Use of an oxfendazole pulse release bolus in the control of parasitic gastroenteritis and parasitic bronchitis in first-season grazing calves. 296 61

Four groups, each of six male Friesian calves, were set-stocked on separate 0.66 ha paddocks from May 7 until October 23 1986. Each of the animals in groups 1 and 4 was dosed with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus at turn out whereas the animals in groups 2 and 3 were left untreated. Parasite-free naive tracer calves were introduced into each paddock for a limited period 12 days after turn out and again at the end of the trial. No adverse reactions or clinical signs were observed in either of the groups of calves which received boluses. The development of clinical parasitic gastroenteritis in both the untreated groups necessitated the humane slaughter of two animals and emergency anthelmintic treatment of the remainder. The lower plasma pepsinogen concentrations, and lower faecal egg and larval counts and worm burdens post mortem, together with the absence of clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in the treated calves, confirmed the high efficacy of the bolus treatment.
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PMID:Control of naturally acquired bovine parasitic bronchitis and gastroenteritis with an oxfendazole pulse release device. 297 64

Nematode infection of cattle treated in their first year at pasture with the fenbendazole slow release bolus ('Bolus group') was compared during the second year with that of untreated cattle. Ostertagia was the most prevalent parasite associated with Cooperia. Except for the Dictyocaulus spp. which caused clinical signs of bronchitis in the 'Bolus' group, the infection during the second year resulted in a moderate response of the cattle whatever the group. Rises in both pepsinogen and gastrin levels were correlated with the number of Ostertagia L3 on herbage. Damages in the abomasal mucosa were more frequent and severe in the 'Bolus' group where more inflammatory signs were observed in spite of a smaller number of worms. Nevertheless, the differences in total weight gains were not significant thanks to a compensatory effect during the second part of the grazing season in the 'Bolus' group. Hypotheses related to a minimum threshold of infection during the first year necessary to develop high enough protection during the second year are discussed. The pathological effects of gastrointestinal nematodes seem to vary more according to the inflammatory response than to the number of worms.
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PMID:Response of cattle treated with a fenbendazole slow release bolus to challenge from nematodes the following season. 863 83

Interactions between treatment with an ivermectin bolus at turnout and immunity to bovine parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis were examined. Immunity related parameters, i.e. development of clinical disease, parasite development and stimulation of parasite specific antibodies were examined for two grazing seasons and compared with untreated second season cattle (immune control) and untreated parasite naive cattle (nonimmune control). With respect to gastrointestinal nematodes, clinical condition, body weight development, faecal egg counts and pepsinogen concentrations of the bolus treated animals were not significantly different from the respective values of untreated immune cattle, showing a considerable degree of resistance in both groups compared to the parasite naive cattle. With respect to lungworms, untreated immune cattle were protected against clinical disease, but two of eight animals shed larvae again. Bolus treated animals transiently showed mild clinical symptoms and six of seven animals shed low numbers of larvae again, whereas all parasite naive cattle shed high numbers of lungworm larvae and showed signs of disease during the whole grazing season. In spite of the effective treatment with an ivermectin bolus during the first year a considerable resistance to gastrointestinal nematode and lungworm infection was present in the second grazing season.
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PMID:The development of protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematode and lungworm infections after use of an ivermectin bolus in first-year grazing calves. 888 56

The efficacy of a fenbendazole slow release bolus in controlling nematode infections of first-season cattle was evaluated in a field study in northern Germany. Two groups, each of 11 male calves, were set-stocked on separate pastures from May until October 1989 (157 days). The animals of one group were given the bolus at turnout and the animals of the control group were treated with fenbendazole (7.5 mg/kg bodyweight) eight weeks after turnout. Clinical inspections and measurements of faecal egg and larval counts, herbage trichostrongyle larval counts, plasma pepsinogen concentrations and bodyweight were made throughout the study. All the animals were slaughtered for worm counts and the evaluation of carcase quality two weeks after housing. The pasture grazed by the control group showed a marked increase in trichostrongyle larvae from late August onwards and, as a result, the control calves had increasing faecal egg counts and increased plasma pepsinogen concentrations in the latter part of the grazing season, although no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis were apparent. The fenbendazole slow release bolus suppressed the trichostrongyle infections during the grazing season, and larval counts on the pasture grazed by the bolus-treated group remained low throughout the study. Postmortem examination showed that the bolus-treated calves harboured significantly (P < 0.01) fewer trichostrongyle worms, including inhibited stages, than the controls. Because of an inadequate lungworm challenge during the grazing season it was not possible to evaluate the efficacy of the fenbendazole slow release bolus in preventing parasitic bronchitis. At slaughter, the bolus-treated animals weighed more than the controls and tended to have a better carcase quality.
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PMID:Field evaluation of a fenbendazole slow release bolus in the control of nematode infections in first-season cattle. 914 Dec 22

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two topical treatments with doramectin on the season-long control of lungworm and gastrointestinal infections in first grazing season (FGS) calves. At the start of the study, 20 FGS calves were randomly allocated into two treatment groups of 10 animals each. Calves in the D-group were treated with doramectin pour-on on days 0 and 56, at a dosage of 500 microg kg(-1) BW: calves in the C-group were designated as controls. A permanent pasture was divided in two blocks and these were randomly allocated to the treatment groups. Throughout the study, tracers (n = 32) were grazed on each paddock at 3-week intervals. Clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis (PB) were observed in the C-group in July and this necessitated two salvage treatments with levamisole. From day 28, post-turnout lungworm larvae were recovered from faeces of the C-calves until housing. No signs of PB were observed in the D-group during the entire grazing season. Shedding of lungworm larvae in the principals of the D-group did not occur until 112 days post-turnout. From the data obtained from the tracer calves. it appeared that larvae had overwintered on both pastures. On the C-pasture, the number of lungworms recovered from the tracer calves gradually increased to a peak in September, whereas on the D-pasture, the increase was observed only at the end of the pasture season. Both strongyle faecal egg counts and pepsinogen levels were relatively low in both groups throughout the present study. At the end of the grazing period (day 161). the principals were housed and treated with oxfendazole. During the housing period, all principal animals (D- and C-groups) and a third group of four helminth free animals (N-group) received a challenge infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus. It appeared that the different exposure to the parasite during the grazing season resulted in different establishment rates, i.e.. group C < group D < group N. The present results show that overwintering of lungworm larvae occurs in Belgium and that in such conditions, doramectin pour-on given at turnout and at 8 weeks controls PB in calves during the first grazing season.
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PMID:Field evaluation of a topical doramectin formulation for the chemoprophylaxis of parasitic bronchitis in calves. 963 18