Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 10 male subjects, the effects of oral S-(carboxy-methyl)-L-cysteine (SCMC) -- a mucolytic agent useful in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis -- on gastric secretion of acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) containing glycoproteins were investigated. Gastric acid outputs and mucus secretory rates remained unchanged during a 10-day period of daily administration of SCMC. Thus, the receptors of SCMC in the bronchial system appear to differ basically from those in the stomach.
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PMID:Lack of gastric effects of S-(carboxy-methyl)-L-cysteine. 94 24

S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (carbocysteine) improves the visco-elastic properties of bronchial mucus in vivo, possibly as a result of an increase in the relative proportions of sialomucins in bronchial mucus. Carbocysteine was therefore studied in vitro and ex vivo in both normal and bronchitic rats on pulmonary sialyl transferase, responsible for the addition of sialic acid to mucus glycoproteins. Bronchitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated exposure to sulphur dioxide for two weeks. During this time they received either 500 mg kg-1 day-1 carbocysteine or its vehicle by the oral route. Rats not being exposed to SO2 received the same treatment. The animals were then killed, and subcellular fractions prepared by differential centrifugation of lung homogenates. Sialyl transferase was assayed using CMP-14C sialic acid as substrate and desialysed fetuin as exogenous acceptor. Enzyme activity was located in both the (Golgi-containing) 10,000 g and 100,000 g pellets with minor activity in the cytosolic supernatants. When tested in vitro between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M, carbocysteine had no effect on sialyl transferase activity in microsomes taken from healthy or bronchitis rats. Repeated administration of carbocysteine was without effect on the sialyl transferase activity in 10,000 g pellets taken from healthy rats. However, in bronchitic rats there was a small but statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increase in enzymic activity in the treated group compared to the animals receiving the vehicle. There was no difference in the activity of the microsomal enzyme compared to vehicle-treated controls in either healthy or bronchitic rats. We conclude that it is possible that an increase in sialyl transferase activity in a Golgi-containing fraction of bronchitic lungs could explain the relative increase in sialomucins in bronchitic subjects.
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PMID:Effects of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine on pulmonary sialyl transferase activity in vitro, in healthy and in sulphur-dioxide-induced bronchitic rats. 155 9

We have studied the effect of the mucolytic agent N-acetylcysteine and dithiothreitol on the oxidation of alpha 1-PI by hydrogen peroxide, and their effect on porcine pancreatic elastase and leukocyte elastase. In addition, the effect of S-(carboxymethyl)cysteine (= carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent which does not have reducing properties) was studied in vitro and in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Following addition of 59.6mM N-acetylcysteine, the amidolytic activity of leukocyte elastase was decreased by 55.3% and that of porcine pancreatic elastase by 57.0%. Dithiothreitol (5.7 mM) caused the loss of 97.4% and 67.6% of amidolytic activity of leukocyte elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase respectively whereas S-(carboxymethyl)cysteine had no effect. Similar results were found for the effect on elastolytic activity. Oxidation of alpha 1-PI by 8.6mM H2O2 resulted in partial loss of inhibitory function (mean 68.7% activity of native alpha 1-PI). N-Acetylcysteine and dithiothreitol prevented oxidation of alpha 1-PI when pre-incubated with H2O2 or incubated with alpha 1-PI and H2O2 simultaneously (94.5% and 94.4% activity of native alpha 1-PI for N-acetylcysteine; 78.3% and 87.6% activity for dithiothreitol - p less than 0.025). S-(Carboxymethyl)cysteine, when pre-incubated with H2O2 or incubated concurrently with alpha 1-PI and H2O2, caused a further decrease in the porcine pancreatic elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-PI (53.1% and 63.0% respectively - p less than 0.025). None of the agents reversed oxidative inactivation once it had occurred. S-(Carboxymethyl)cysteine had no effect on alpha 1-PI function in sputum at the dose used.
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PMID:The effect of reducing agents on proteolytic enzymes and oxidation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. 351 37

The efficacy and safety of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys) in the prevention of acute exacerbations associated with chronic obstructive bronchitis were evaluated in a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial in 662 outpatients. After a 1-month run-in period, patients were randomized to three groups and assigned to receive one of the following oral treatments: continuous SCMC-Lys 2.7 g once daily, intermittent SCMC-Lys at the same dosage (1-week courses alternating with 1-week intervals on placebo) or placebo. Each treatment lasted for 6 months and spanned the cooler months of the year. Evaluation was based on a daily recording of relevant clinical symptoms and signs and subsequent evaluation of the collected data by three blinded independent physicians. A total of 146 patients (23%) failed to complete the 6-month treatment (mostly due to difficulties in complying with protocol requirements), without clear-cut differences in the dropout rate in the three groups. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the incidence of patients without exacerbations in the group assigned to continuous SCMC-Lys treatment was significantly higher than in the placebo-treated group (p < 0.001). The total number of patients with at least one exacerbation was 66 (29.6%) in the group treated with continuous SCMC-Lys compared with 100 (45.9%) with placebo. In the former group the time between initiation of treatment and first exacerbation was significantly prolonged. The average number of days with acute respiratory illness was significantly decreased in the group receiving continuous SCMC-Lys compared with the group receiving placebo, and this was associated with a significant reduction in the antibiotic consumption during the trial period. In patients assigned to intermittent treatment, results of the assessed endpoints did not differ significantly from those observed in the placebo group. No serious adverse effects were reported. It is concluded that continuous administration of SCMC-Lys throughout the winter season is effective in preventing acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and it is well tolerated.
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PMID:Prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchitis with carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 873 89

Carbocysteine is a mucoactive drug and is being used for both acute and chronic infectious airway diseases. Although carbocysteine can repair the damage of epithelial cells caused by exposure to various agents, the effects of this agent on allergic airway diseases such as asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis with an isolated chronic cough, in both of which epithelial damage may be characteristic, is not clear. We investigated the effects of carbocysteine on antigen-induced cough hypersensitivity to inhaled capsaicin at 48 h and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine at 72 h after challenge with an aerosolized antigen in actively sensitized guinea pigs. After measuring bronchial responsiveness, we examined neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity in the tracheal tissue. Carbocysteine (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally every 12 h for 3 days after antigen challenge. The number of coughs elicited by an aerosol of capsaicin (10(-4) M) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in carbocysteine groups (6.13 +/- 0.59 at 10 mg/kg, 4.88 +/- 0.67 at 30 mg/kg, and 4.50 +/- 0.33 at 100 mg/kg during 3 min measurement) compared with the control group (9.75 +/- 0.53). Furthermore, carbocysteine dose dependently repaired the antigen-induced decrease of NEP activity in the tracheal tissue, but it did not influence the bronchial hyperresponsiveness or bronchoalveolar lavage cell component. These findings suggest that carbocysteine promotes the repair of damaged epithelium by allergic reaction and may be useful in allergic airway diseases accompanied by isolated chronic coughing, especially eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma and tracheobronchitis with cough hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Effects of carbocysteine on antigen-induced increases in cough sensitivity and bronchial responsiveness in guinea pigs. 1135 19