Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on S-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, were performed in the field pediatrics. The following results were obtained. 1) Antibacterial activities Antibacterial activities of S-1006, the active form of S-1108, were studied against clinically isolated strains of (Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 3), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 8), Branhamella catarrhalis (n = 5) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 2). MIC values ranged < or = 0.025-1.56 for GPC and < or = 0.025-0.78 microgram/ml for GNR. 2) Absorption and excretion Blood concentrations and urinary excretion rates of S-1108 were measured upon administration of S-1108 after meal at dose of 3 mg/kg (n = 4), 4 mg/kg (n = 1) and 6 mg/kg (n = 1). The peak blood concentrations of S-1006 at a dose of 3 mg/kg (n = 4), ranged from 0.57 to 1.82 micrograms/ml at 1, 2 and 4 hours after dosing. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters T1/2 and AUC were 1.29 +/- 0.69 hours and 4.47 +/- 2.25 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. At a dose of 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak concentrations were 1.79 and 1.27 micrograms/ml at 2 and 3 hours after treatment. T1/2 and AUC were 1.34 and 1.11 hours, and 8.19 and 5.65 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates ranged from 13.0 to 37.2% for the first 8 hours after administration. 3) Clinical studies Clinical efficacies were examined in 32 cases of various pediatric infections including 5 cases of acute pneumonia, 11 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of scarlet fever, 8 cases of tonsillitis, 1 case of pharyngitis, 2 cases of otitis media and 3 cases of UTI. Clinical efficacy rate was 96.9% (31/32) and bacteriological eradication rate was 87.1% (27/31). There were no side effects and abnormal laboratory test values except 1 case (Eosino. 2-->10%) in the 32 cases.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of S-1108 in the pediatric field]. 830 75

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI, ME 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities: Antibacterial activities of CDTR were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (CFTM), cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL), cefpodoxime (CPDX) and cefotiam (CTM). MIC80's of CDTR against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and B. catarrhalis were 1.56, 0.39, < or = 0.025, < or = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results showed that CDTR has high antibacterial activities against these organisms. 2. Absorption and excretion: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CDTR-PI (administered in granules) were determined. Upon single oral doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were 0.5-2.45 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.79-4.05 micrograms/ml at 1 to 4 hours, respectively, and T 1/2 was 1.07-9.67 hours and 0.99-3.00 hours, respectively. At 8 hours after dosing, serum concentrations were 0-0.87 micrograms/ml with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 0.27-0.73 micrograms/ml with 6 mg/kg. These values indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 12.9-34.2% with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 11.8-26.9% with 6 mg/kg. 3. Clinical study: Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 81 cases consisting of 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 of acute pneumonia, 21 of tonsillitis, 5 of pharyngitis, 7 of scarlet fever, 2 each of impetigo, otitis media and purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 1 of pertussis and 8 of UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 97.5% (79/81), and bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (76/76). As for side effects, 2 cases of watery stools and 1 case of minor elevation of GPT were observed.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 837 96

Sequential antimicrobial therapy (SAT) is arousing keen interest in microbiologists and pharmacists. In an attempt to obtain information from these groups regarding the use of SAT in hospitals, an anonymized postal survey was carried out. A SAT questionnaire was circulated to consultant medical microbiologists, clinical microbiologists, and heads of pharmacy departments within the British Isles. Four hundred and forty-seven microbiologists and pharmacists returned completed questionnaires, giving a response rate of 29%. Just over half of medical microbiologists (MM) and pharmacists (PH) indicated that SAT was used in their institution in respiratory medicine, geriatrics, surgery and, significantly, to a lesser degree in paediatrics. The most common infections treated were pneumonia, bronchitis and wound infection. However, there were significant differences between MM and PH, with MM favouring greater use of SAT in peritonitis (P=0.03), septicaemia (P<0.01), bone infection (P<0.01), pyelonephritis (UTI) (P<0.01), and PH favouring use in bronchitis (P<0.01). The ability to take oral fluids or a recognition of no potential absorption problems were key criteria in the decision process leading to the institution of SAT by MM and PH. Significantly more MM favoured employing criteria such as temperature <38 degrees C (P<0.01), no requirement for high tissue concentrations (P=0.02) and evidence of response to i.v. antimicrobial therapy (P<0.01) than PH. The most frequently "switched" antimicrobials were metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and co-amoxiclav. There were more than five times as many MM reporting the use of clindamycin than PH (P<0.01), whereas nearly twice as many PH cited use of cefuroxime (P<0.01). Of those hospitals not employing SAT, most MM and PH concurred that the commonest reason to institute SAT was financial, followed by convenience to patients and staff. However, more PH than MM indicated that protocols (P<0.01) and a reduction in i.v. complications (P<0.01) were important to them. In promoting SAT, MM and PH felt they had the major role. Significantly, each profession felt that the other had a lesser role to play; MM as judged by the PH (P<0.01) and PH as judged by MM (P<0.01). When promoting SAT, both MM and PH felt that "education for clinicians" followed by regular audit was the best way to ensure implementation. However, significant differences arose with PH regarding nurse education (P<0.01), SAT posters (P=0.02), regular review of patients (P=0.04) and patient's notes SAT stickers (P<0.01) as more important to them than MM. Significantly, less MM than PH (P<0.01) insisted that either the i.v. and PO antimicrobials were identical or were from the same group or class when "switching". This survey highlights interesting comparisons between the approaches of MM and PH towards SAT and may indicate ways in which both groups may work together to bring about change.
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PMID:Sequential antimicrobial therapy: comparison of the views of microbiologists and pharmacists. 975 65

The clinical efficacy and the safety of ofloxacin i.v. in 35 acute symptomatic urinary tract patients were evaluated. The drug was intravenously administered, 400 mg starting dose then 200 mg once-daily for 3-5 days. The therapeutic success rate and eradication rate in UTI case were 100 per cent in all cases when evaluated immediately after completion of drug treatment, therapeutic success rate and eradication rate at the follow-up evaluation were 97.2 per cent and 91.6 per cent respectively. Also, 5 cases of acute bronchitis and 2 salmonellosis were also administered intravenously, 400 mg once-daily dose and 400 mg twice daily dose respectively. No serious side effects of ofloxacin i.v. therapy were observed in any of our patients.
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PMID:An open, non comparative study of ofloxacin i.v. on the treatment of acute symptomatic urinary tract infection. 1093 12


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