Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the elderly and in immunocompromised patients, respiratory tract infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The choice of a specific antibiotic treatment in pneumonia depends on the identification of the causative pathogen or on a judgment concerning the probable causative micro-organism. This judgment should be based on all the information obtained from clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory investigations of sputum and blood, and the pattern of infiltrations on chest X-ray. Different causative pathogens can be expected in bacterial and "atypical" community-acquired pneumonia than in hospital-acquired pneumonia. For the same reason, immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients have to be distinguished from each other. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial defenses will be impaired. Exacerbations can result from different causes, including infections of the bronchial mucosa. Most of these infections are of viral origin. Exacerbated pulmonary disease will result from bacterial bronchitis only in some patients. It is often difficult to assess the diagnosis "bacterial bronchitis." Evaluation of the effect of antibacterial treatment in exacerbated pulmonary disease is also difficult. Therapeutic interventions for these clinical conditions have to be directed primarily toward restoring or improving pulmonary host-defense factors. Fluoroquinolones, including lomefloxacin, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Lomefloxacin presents a number of advantages: the drug has good bioavailability after oral and parenteral administration and penetrates well into bronchial secretions and lung tissue. In addition, lomefloxacin has no influence on the metabolic clearance of the methylxanthines theophylline and caffeine, which has been demonstrated for enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and pefloxacin.
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PMID:Diagnosis and interventions in lower respiratory tract infections. 158 Feb 72

A 58-year-old man with a history of alcoholic liver disease and chronic airflow obstruction presented with heart failure and acute bronchitis. Plasma methylxanthines were estimated as a guide to further theophylline therapy and serious caffeine accumulation was noted in the presence of a subtherapeutic concentration of theophylline. After 3 weeks on a caffeine-free diet theophylline and caffeine challenge tests were performed which demonstrated the ease with which caffeine could accumulate. The importance of caffeine accumulation during theophylline therapy is discussed.
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PMID:Unsuspected caffeine toxicity complicating theophylline therapy. 652 99

Generalized resistance to disease and reduced tendency to depression have been related to the extent of social relationships, with a greater association for females than males. Cigaret smoking is the largest cause of preventable death: smokers' mortality rates are almost double those for non-smokers. Coronary heart disease and lung cancer are the main causes of death. Morbidity is also higher among smokers, who are more prone to bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic ulcers, and influenza. Abuse of drugs, both prescribed and unprescribed, is linked directly to drug dependency and death, often suicide. Misuse of prescribed drugs is a major concern in the elderly. High caffeine consumption has been related to chronic insomnia, persistent anxiety and depression, and stomach upset. Use of properly adjusted seatbelts halves the number of deaths and the severity of injury in motor vehicle accidents. Type A personality behaviors are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. "Insight" requires further study to assess its affect on health and wellbeing. Quality of working life is an important determinant of an individual's identity and health status: frequency of symptoms increase as job strain increases.
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PMID:Health consequences of selected lifestyle factors: a review of the evidence, part 2. 2127 53

Migraine is one of the common diseases, suffering 8.4 million patients in Japan. Recently conditions associated with chronic migraine were considered to be worse than episodic migraine in socio-economic status, health-related quality of life, and headache-related burden. Preventing the chronification, and improving treatment and management, the natural disease course could give us some clues. Several reports suggested that a population prevalence of chronic migraine is about 2% and approximately 2.5% of patients with episodic migraine develop new-onset chronic migraine each year. The risk factors for converting episodic to chronic migraine were demonstrated as follows: age, low education/socioeconomic status, head injury, attack frequency, obesity, medication overuse, stressful life events, caffeine overuse, snoring, other pain syndromes, allodynia, proinflammatory states, prothrombotic states, and specific genes. It was also focused in comobidity with chronic migraine, such as depression, anxiety, chronic pain, asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, and so on. The ratio converting in reverse was reported as a fourth in two years. We should recognize the burden of migraine patients, and improve patients' outcome under reducing risk factors and assessing the effect of treatment on headache progression.
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PMID:[Clinical course and natural history in migraine]. 2227 14