Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Drugs with pharmacological activity limited to the pulmonary circulation are not at present available. Serotonin antagonists, specific thromboxane A2 inhibitors and prostacyclin may offer new possibilities for the treatment of certain forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but their clinical efficacy remains to be evaluated. Vasodilators simultaneously influence the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, and their overall hemodynamic effects in patients with PAH are therefore unpredictable. Therapeutic trials with such drugs should be closely monitored to avoid serious adverse reactions. Oral administration of beta-adrenergic agents, such as salbutamol or terbutaline, is preferable to digoxin in the treatment of patients with right ventricular failure due to chronic obstructive bronchitis. Right ventricular failure following massive pulmonary embolism may be aggravated by reduced blood flow through the right coronary artery. Increase of aortic perfusion pressure (e.g. noradrenaline) should be considered as a therapeutic measure in patients with arterial hypotension.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacology of the pulmonary circulation]. 286 81

We previously demonstrated that clenbuterol suppressed bronchial hyperresponsiveness in acute bronchitic models. However the effect of clenbuterol on the cough reflex, the main symptom of acute bronchitis, is not clear. The present study was thus undertaken to investigate the influence of clenbuterol on the cough reflex. Oral administration of clenbuterol (3 and 10 micrograms/kg) to guinea pigs markedly inhibited the increase in the respiratory resistance in response to 5-HT in a dose-dependent manner. At doses of 10 micrograms/kg and above, clenbuterol significantly inhibited the cough reflex induced by citric acid in guinea pigs. These doses are comparable with those causing broncho-dilation as described above, suggesting that the suppressive effect of clenbuterol on the cough reflex in guinea pigs may result from mainly its broncho-dilative action via stimulation of beta-2 adrenoceptors in airway smooth muscles however, other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. These results indicate that this agent may be useful for treatment of cough, the main symptom of acute bronchitis.
 ...
PMID:Suppressive effect of clenbuterol on citric acid-induced cough reflex in guinea pigs. 856 85

The present work studied the effects of the essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPP), a plant used to treat bronchitis and amigdalytis, on rat airway smooth muscle in vitro. In Ca(2+)-containing medium, EOPP (100-1300 microg/ml) inhibited preferentially high KCl- than 5-HT-induced muscle contractions in a concentration-dependent fashion, but did affect neither basal muscle tension nor ACh-induced contractions. In preparations maintained in either 60 mM K(+) or 10 microM ACh in Ca(2+)-free medium, EOPP (100, 600 and 1300 microg/ml) inhibited maximum contractile response induced by cumulative Ca(2+) addition (0.1-20 mM). Verapamil (10, 30 and 100 microg/ml), a Ca(2+) channel blocker, also inhibited Ca(2+)-induced concentration-effect curve in presence of ACh in Ca(2+)-free medium, whilst it was ineffective to decrease cholinergic contractions in Ca(2+)-containing medium. In presence of 150 mM K(+) in Ca(2+)-containing medium, EOPP (1300 microg/ml) did not reversed ACh-induced contractions. In contrast, under similar conditions, EOPP almost fully relaxed cholinergic contractions of tracheal smooth muscle in Ba(2+)-containing medium. In medium containing 10 mM tetraethylammonium and 2 mM Ba(2+) instead of Ca(2+), both EOPP (1300 microg/ml) and verapamil (approximately 5 microg/ml) significantly decreased ACh-induced contractions. Thus, in rat isolated trachea, EOPP induces inhibitor effects on contractions preferentially triggered by an electromechanical coupling mode.
 ...
PMID:Essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus inhibits electromechanical coupling on rat isolated trachea. 1703 Jan 5