Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Information was collected at birth and at 5 and 10 years of age on the national cohort of children born in one week of April 1970 (the Child Health and Education Study). For 11 465 children, information on wheezing attacks before 5 years was compared with reports of wheezing occurring in the 12 months before the interview at 10 years. Of 2345 children who had had at least one wheezing attack before their fifth birthday, 80% (1869) were free of wheeze at 10 years; only 8% of children who had just one wheezing attack by 5 years wheezed in their 10th year. The more attacks the child had had by the age of 5 the higher the risk of continuing to wheeze at the age of 10, but there were no major differences in prognosis according to the age of the first attack. Half of the children who had been labelled asthmatic at the age of 5 were wheezing at the age of 10 compared with an eighth of those with wheezing not so labelled. There was little evidence to suggest that the prognosis of wheezing with bronchitis was markedly different from that of children with other episodes of wheezing provided they were not said to be asthmatic. A longer follow up is necessary to ascertain whether remission at the age of 10 is followed by relapse later.
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PMID:Preschool wheezing and prognosis at 10. 374 Sep 2

A random sample of 1700 18-year-old applicants for flight training, who had been free from respiratory symptoms for 1 year or more, was screened for respiratory symptoms in the past. Those who denied such a history had a questionnaire sent to their parents for further verification. Altogether 70 subjects with a past history of "wheezing," "asthma," or "spastic bronchitis" were thus identified. Abnormalities in either FEV1/FVC, Vmax50 or Vmax75 were found in 40% of the subjects with a history of childhood "wheezing," "asthma," or "spastic bronchitis," but only in 8% of controls without such a history. A history of wheezing had no effect on the RV/TLC ratio. The age at which the last bout had occurred had no apparent effect on the degree of flow abnormalities. The most sensitive index for a flow abnormality was Vmax50, which was less than 74% of the predicted values in 2/(30%) of the 70 subjects tested. It is concluded that, in subjects with a history of "wheezing," "asthma," or "spastic bronchitis," flow abnormalities may persist even after prolonged remissions.
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PMID:The significance of recurrent childhood respiratory disorders in flight training applicants. 374 Dec 94

In a 3-year follow-up we have investigated random samples of young men (initial age 20 to 24 years) by means of the modified BMRC questionnaire and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. The participation in the second survey was relatively poor (51.9 p.c.). The lung function data of asymptomatic non-smokers were in good accordance with reference values of other authors. We found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers already in this age group. There was no correlation with the extent of smoking. Cessation of smoking resulted in improved ventilatory data, especially MEF 50. We found no close relation between bronchitis symptoms and ventilatory disturbances in these young men. Wheezing correlated better with lung function impairment. In young male adults the flow-volume curve seems to be somewhat more sensitive than conventional spirometry in contrast to the results in elder subjects.
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PMID:[Value of the maximal expiratory flow-volume diagram in a longitudinal study. 2. Results in young adults]. 376 18

Thirty-six infants and children presenting with recurrent respiratory disorders (RRD) as the sole clinical symptom including bronchial asthma (6), recurrent obstructive bronchitis with or without wheezing (18), chronic nocturnal cough (3), recurrent episodes of pneumonia (3), recurrent pharyngitis (3) and recurrent laryngitis (3) were investigated for associated gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) by oesophagram, endoscopy and continuous 24 h pH monitoring of the distal oesophagus. The pH monitoring criteria were selected on the basis of a preliminary study comparing statistically measurements of 32 variables recorded in 15 patients who all had clinical, radiological and endoscopic evidence of GER and in 8 asymptomatic controls. Although patients with symptomatic GER differed significantly from the asymptomatic ones for 27 variables examined, 6 variables emerged as having the highest value for discrimination (overlap score 0-1). Among these, the Euler-Byrne index (number of reflux pH less than 4 + 4 times the number of reflux episodes of more than 5 min), the percentage of total reflux time and the number of reflux episodes 1 h post-cibal scored 0 (no overlap). GER was considered to be present when at least five of these six parameters were abnormal. The overall incidence of GER in children with RRD was 41% (15) when detected by oesophagram and 61% (22) when diagnosed by pH monitoring criteria. In the children with bronchial asthma or with recurrent laryngitis, the percentage of reflux time during sleep was about 40 times higher than in asymptomatic controls and 2 times higher than in those with symptomatic GER.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence and treatment of silent gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with recurrent respiratory disorders. 379 84

In a working population of 912 men, aged 22 to 54 years, 8.3% reported a history of childhood respiratory illness before 16 years of age. Those reporting a history of bronchitis or pneumonia (BP) before 2 years of age had significantly lower FEV1 values than those who did not report such a history, whereas those reporting BP at a later age, or primary tuberculosis, did not have lower values. The observed association was unlikely to be due to preferential recall bias, since BP before 2 years of age was not associated with a higher reported prevalence of current respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm, or dyspnea, and the observed association remained after exclusion of those with a history of wheezing or asthma. Furthermore, the relation remained significant after taking into account parental smoking, Pi phenotype and a history of eczema in childhood. These results suggest that BP before 2 years of age, a period of rapid alveolar multiplication, may be related to the occurrence of adult chronic air-flow limitation.
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PMID:Relationships between functional measurements and childhood respiratory diseases according to the age of onset. 381 75

The efficacy and safety of ketotifen in the treatment of recurrent bronchitis were studied in twenty Thai children with an average age of 5.3 years. Symptoms studied were cough, hypersecretion and wheezing and 4-point rating scores were assigned to each of the symptoms with regard to their frequency, severity and duration. Score per dose of the symptomatic agents used was also given. The symptoms and the use of symptomatic agents were recorded during a full year prior to ketotifen treatment and during a further full year study period. PEFR measurement was performed in the children above the age of 6 years at 2-weekly intervals under the supervision of the authors at the clinic. Assessment of efficacy was done by comparing monthly symptom scores and medication scores during the study period with the mean value of the previous year. Thirteen children received ketotifen for the whole year while seven children who were almost symptom-free after 4 months ketotifen treatment, were then only observed for a further 8 months. At the end of the study period, ketotifen treatment was rated very good and good in 85% of children, satisfactory in 10% and poor in 5%. Drowsiness was the only side-effect reported in a few cases but then only initially. There were no abnormalities in any laboratory parameters studied.
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PMID:The role of ketotifen in children with recurrent bronchitis. 397 57

A 15-yr-old male hemophiliac developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). His terminal illness was characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory failure with intermittent wheezing, nonresponsive to bronchodilator and steroid therapy. Postmortem examination revealed a pseudomembrane covering the mucosa of the lower trachea and bronchi of both lungs. This pseudomembrane was composed predominantly of fungal hyphae speciated as Aspergillus niger. There was widespread transmural necrotizing bronchitis and fungal invasion that extended to involve a narrow zone of peribronchial tissues. The intervening lung parenchyma was free of fungal disease. This unique form of bronchitis is a distinct variant of invasive aspergillosis and merits recognition because of its clinical and prognostic implications.
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PMID:Pseudomembranous necrotizing bronchial aspergillosis. A variant of invasive aspergillosis in a patient with hemophilia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 400 49

A follow-up study was performed on 406 patients treated for infantile obstructive bronchitis during the period between 1964 and 1973. Their mean age was 12.6 years at the time of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.7. Forty-three patients (11%) became asthmatic within 10 years after onset of the wheezy episode of infancy. In one-third of the 363 non-asthmatic children, bronchial hyperreactivity was shown by acetylcholine and histamine provocation. There was a significant correlation between the number of recurrent obstructive episodes and the length of the period of recurrent wheezing on the one hand and bronchial hyperreactivity on the other hand.
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PMID:Bronchial hyperreactivity after infantile obstructive bronchitis. 404 Dec 80

Thirteen infants and children with adenovirus type 7 infection proved by virus isolation are described. High fever, cough and dyspnea were the most frequent findings; in infants under 1 year of age wheezing was common. Four patients required artificial ventilation. Lobar collapse, consolidation and hyperinflation were frequent radiologic findings. None of the symptoms responded to antibiotic therapy or bronchodilator drugs. Three patients died (mortality rate of 23%). Pathologic findings were compatible with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia, and were characterized by a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, patchy alveolar fibrinopurulent exudate and hyaline membrane formation. Some intra-alveolar epithelial cells showed strikingly abnormal nuclei and rare typical halo-outlined intranuclear inclusions were seen. Only one of eight survivors had evidence of significant chronic chest disease.
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PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in Montreal. 434 82

The effects on ventilation of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol, and the relatively cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol, were compared in a randomized single-blind crossover study in 16 patients with asthma, bronchitis and emphysema (American Thoracic Society criteria). Group I had "fixed" airways disease with less than 20% improvement in FEV1 following inhaled salbutamol 5 mg by nebuliser. Group II had "reversible" obstruction, greater than 20% improvement. Bronchodilator therapy was withheld for 24 h with the exception of aerosols which were permitted until 12 h before study. After control observations on each of 2 study days, each patient received cumulative doses of propranolol (maximum 170 mg) and metoprolol (maximum 187.5 mg). Ventilatory function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1%) was assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. In Group I, 2 patients were unable to complete the study. One patient became dizzy with propranolol 70 mg but tolerated metoprolol 187.5 mg. One patient developed wheeze with propranolol 15 mg but tolerated metoprolol 187.5 mg. Metoprolol was tolerated in all 8 patients with "fixed" disease, although FEV1 was reduced by more than 30% in 1 patient. Three patients in Group II did not complete the study because of wheezing following propranolol 10 mg, metoprolol 37.5 mg; propranolol 17.5 mg, metoprolol 37.5 mg; propranolol 45 mg, tolerated metoprolol 187.5 mg respectively. Wheezing responded in all cases to inhaled isoprenaline. The response to either propranolol or metoprolol was unpredictable in patients with "reversible" disease. When wheezing occurred in this group, it developed following small, potentially subtherapeutic doses of each drug. Although metoprolol was better tolerated, the practical benefit of cardioselectivity in those patients with reversible airways disease was negligible.
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PMID:Influence of cardioselectivity and respiratory disease on pulmonary responsiveness to beta-blockade. 615 5


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