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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the last decade, the prevalence of allergic asthma has increased in France, as well as in most developed countries. The clustering of symptoms of dyspnoea, chest tightness, wheeze, and their intermittent nature usually leads to a diagnosis of asthma. Nevertheless physicians should be aware of some atypical presentations such as recurrent infections, wheezing bronchitis, exercise induced dyspnoea or chronic cough. Physicians have also to recognize early symptoms of an acute severe asthma. For the identification of the allergen(s) responsible for asthma, data obtained from clinical history, from cutaneous prick tests eventually associated to serum specific IgE antibodies have to be taken in account. The assessment of severity of asthma is another essential point: it needs to be documented by using pulmonary function tests and in more severe forms of asthma on regular measurements of peak expiratory flow rate.
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PMID:[Allergic asthma]. 876 30

Aspecific membranous laryngitis is an unusual but very serious complication of viral infections. Here, we report the uncommon finding of infectious mononucleosis characterized by aspecific membranous laryngitis with fever, dysphonia and severe dyspnea in a 12-year-old girl. Endoscopy showed mucopus and sloughed epithelium forming a pseudomembrane covering almost all the supraglottal region and a supraglottal swelling including the epiglottis and arytenoids. The importance of suspecting diphtheria, epiglottitis, viral or bacterial croup and laringo-tracheo-bronchitis and including them in the differential diagnosis is emphasized.
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PMID:Aspecific membranous laryngitis after infectious mononucleosis. 877 Jun 86

Use of methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis is associated with pulmonary adverse effects in 3% to 5% of cases. In addition to immunoallergic lung disease, bronchitis and pneumonia due to pyogenic organisms, opportunistic lower respiratory tract infections have been reported, including, to our knowledge, 18 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We report two new cases of P. carinii pneumonia in methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients. One case occurred in a 62-year-old woman with a nine-year history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis treated for the last seven months with methotrexate, 15 mg per week, and prednisone, 10 mg/d. The other patient was a 58-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 18 months earlier and had been receiving 15 mg per week of methotrexate for eight months in combination with 12.5 mg of prednisone per day. Both patients had negative tests for the human immunodeficiency virus. Symptoms consisted of fever, cough and dyspnea, with interstitial infiltrates on chest films, hypoxia, and lymphopenia (700 and 600/mm3, respectively). The diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage. Both patients recovered under treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. An analysis of the 20 cases of P. carinii pneumonia reported to date in methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients demonstrated a number of characteristics: the rheumatoid arthritis was of recent onset in some cases (a few months in one patient); lymphopenia was present in two thirds of cases; one-third of patients were not receiving corticosteroid therapy; the dosage and duration of methotrexate therapy varied widely, from 5 to 30 mg per week and two to 48 months; and four patients died.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. A report of two cases. 881 57

Clinical evidence obtained on efficacy of a new long-acting theophylline ventax in chronic obstructive bronchitis demonstrates that it has advantages over theophylline, produces positive changes in the patients' external respiration, dyspnea severity, auscultatory parameters, subjective response, is well tolerated and highly effective against chronic obstructive bronchitis. Side effects of ventax are outlined.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of ventax (long-acting theophylline) in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. 908 58

We examined the sputum of 114 subjects by noninvasive methods (voluntary coughing or induced cough with hypertonic saline) to determine whether sputum examination could be used to separate patients with episodic wheezing, dyspnea or cough of unknown origin into different diagnostic categories. An increased percentage of sputum eosinophils was seen in 92% (48/52) of asthmatics, 36% (9/25) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 28% (7/25) of chronic coughers, but not in any of the 12 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Eight patients with combined symptoms of COPD and asthma (mixed COPD subgroup) showed above average diurnal peak expiratory flow variation (10.3 +/- 2.1% vs 2.5 +/- 1.4%, p < 0.05) and an above average percentage of sputum eosinophils (19.8 +/- 9.1 vs 2.1 +/- 3.2, p < 0.01) than those in the pure COPD group. After therapeutic corticosteroid trial, all of the mixed COPD patients and six of the 17 pure COPD patients were steroid responders. Seven of the 25 chronic coughers had sputum eosinophilia, but no asthmatic symptoms. The cough symptoms subsided in five of these seven patients after steroid treatment but not in the other 18 chronic coughers. Further study is indicated to determine if simple eosinophilic bronchitis is an early stage of asthma. In conclusion, sputum differential cell counting is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool in differentiating diseases with episodic wheezing or chronic cough.
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PMID:Importance of sputum differential cell counting in the diagnosis of airway diseases. 917 Aug 20

Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males and it's incidence is rapidly rising in females. Factors linked to this are associated with cigarette smoking, urbanization along with atmospheric pollution. The lack of success in the treatment of lung cancer has to do with in many cases late diagnosis at the stage when surgical treatment is not possible and radio and chemotherapy being of minimal effectiveness. The WHO has proposed the following classification of lung cancer: 1. Squamous cell carcinoma; 2. Small cell carcinoma; 3. Adenocarcinoma; 4. Giant cell carcinoma; 5. Adeno-squamous cell carcinoma 6. Carcinoid. 7. Carcinoma of mucous gland. 8. Others. Early physical signs of lung cancer are: cough (50-80% of patients), dyspnea (10-15%), chest pain (15-20%), hemoptysis (20-50%), recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis (30-50%). More serious clinical signs associated with growth of the neoplasm are hoarseness, pleural effusion, vena cava superior syndrome, and Pancoast's syndrome. The growing neoplasm secrets many biochemical substances, which are them activity passed on the bloodstream or make their way into the blood as a result of degeneration of the tumor. These substances may then be detected in the patient's plasma and act as markers of malignant disease. The characteristics of these markers is varied, e.g.: hormones, enzymes and tissue antigens. Methods used in the diagnosis of lung-cancer which should be stressed, are apart from the obvious physical examination are chest x-rays, ultrasound, CAT scans, nuclear magnetic resonance, PET scans, and scintigraphy. Fine needle aspiration in changes in the peripheral regions, cytology of sputum, bronchial lavage, cytogenetic analysis. This underlines the need for prophylaxis, particularly the cessation of cigarette smoking.
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PMID:[Current capabilities and procedures for diagnosing lung neoplasms]. 919 23

This study was designed to assess the effect of i.v. treatment with aminophylline (AMPH) on the risk of calcium phosphate and struvite stone formation. We administered AMPH in doses of 4 mg/kg body weight in 15-min i.v. infusions to 60 infants with clinical symptoms of obstructive bronchitis with dyspnoea. During 3 hours after infusion we observed a significant increase in urine saturation with brushite, octocalcium phosphate and struvite. This rise in urine saturation may increase the risk of kidney stone formation.
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PMID:Intravenous aminophylline increases the degree of saturation of urine with calcium phosphate and struvite. 924 39

A 23-year-old woman was supposed to undergo thoracoscopic surgery for the 10th pneumothorax that accompanied histiocytosis X. The past history included Lylle's disease, asthma, myocarditis, drug-induced leucocytopenia and bronchitis obliterans. The preoperative arterial blood gas analysis under receiving O2 at rate of 2 l.min-1 via a nasal cannula revealed normal values. General anesthesia and intubation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube would have been preferable, but regional anesthesia was chosen because of her medical history and positive results of the skin tests for vecuronium, pancronium, diazepam and midazolam. During the first 10 min of thoracoscopic procedure, her respiration became rapid and shallow and she was restless and comatose. The operation was cancelled. Arterial blood gas analysis under receiving O2 at rate of 4 l.min-1 via a face mask revealed: pH 7.025, PaO2 113.8 mmHg, PaO2 244.8 mmHg, HCO3- 29.7 mEq.l-1, BE-5.6, and O2 saturation 99.1%. Manual artificial ventilation with a mask and bag was initiated. Her spontaneous respiration and consciousness recovered in next 30 min. The postoperative course was uneventful. Tachypnea, caused from anxiety, dyspnea and stimulation of irritant receptors in the airway, were considered to be responsible for the event. The duration of inspiration became shorter as tachypnea developed, that made the tidal volume to decrease and hypercapnea ensued.
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PMID:[Hypercapnea during thoracoscopic surgery under regional anesthesia]. 925 15

Bronchial asthma in childhood is defined as a disease presenting with wheezing, dyspnea and cough on the basis of an inflammatory bronchial hyperreagibility. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood. There are a variety of causes for asthma. Certainly allergy is the most common cause in childhood but also environmental pollution is of importance. Asthmatic attacks, episodes of asthma and asthmatic cough are the most frequent clinical manifestations where as the malignant, hypoxemic asthma crisis is of special importance since its mortality is as high as 0.5-0.8/100,000. Special notice has to be taken on the evaluation of obstructive bronchitis in infancy and childhood which might be very difficult. During the past years, the use of inhalative steroids in the long term treatment has gained increasing importance also in childhood, since it could be demonstrated that side effects of clinical relevance are hardly to be expected.
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PMID:[Bronchial asthma in childhood]. 931 30

We identified eight patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in the autopsies of 81 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Rapidly progressive dyspnoea and cough were the main presenting symptoms in all eight patients, associated with overinflation and/or infiltrative opacity seen on chest X-ray and obstructive disorder revealed by pulmonary function tests. Early lesions were characterized by epithelial loss and an inflammatory infiltrate containing foamy histiocytes with mild luminal narrowing. Partial or total occlusion of the bronchiolar lumina by fibrous connective tissue was the feature of late lesions. Both changes were coexistent in all cases. In one case, small bronchi with cartilage were also affected by the obstructive process, showing bronchitis obliterans. All eight patients showed non-obstructive broncho-bronchiolitis characterized by denuding of respiratory epithelium, mural oedema and an inflammatory infiltrate in addition to BO, and these changes were also seen in 18 patients without BO. The submucosal glands of large bronchi and the trachea showed mucous retention and a mild inflammatory infiltrate in four of the eight patients. Coexistent infectious processes were seen in all cases, cytomegalovirus and Aspergillus being the most frequent organisms. BO probably develops as an immunopathological event related to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during the impaired immune status phase of the post-BMT period, possibly initiated by infection. Bronchial gland involvement in chronic GVHD is one of the factors responsible for this abnormal immune status.
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PMID:Broncho-bronchiolitis obliterans as a complication of bone marrow transplantation: a clinicopathological study of eight autopsy cases. Nagoya BMT Group. 936 65


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