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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical history and wedge biopsy specimen findings of a Vietnam veteran suffering from progressive severe tissue damage of lung are presented. The patient served as a soldier in defoliated areas for 2 years and developed severe chest pain and dyspnoea with chronic postnasal dripping, maxillary sinusitis and allergic asthmoid bronchitis with pronounced obstructions and eosinophilia. Recurrent onsets of symptoms over a period of 10 years led to wedge biopsies of the left upper lobe, right lower lobe and mediastinal lymph node. Histology is consistent with chronic, slightly progressive diffuse alveolar damage including moderate interstitial fibrosis. Total destruction of mediastinal lymph node with deposits of amorphous material and foreign body giant cells were noted. Histology findings and clinical course favor hypersensitivity reaction of lung and congestion of exogeneous material probably related to exposure to herbicides.
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PMID:Chronic progredient diffuse alveolar damage probably related to exposure to herbicides. 395 Nov 65

The effectiveness and the safety of a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative, clofoctol, was evaluated in adult hospitalized patients affected by infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary tract. The clinical diagnosis included acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung cavitary neoplasm. Expectoration, cough, dyspnoea, respiratory murmur and body temperature were considered as clinical factors to which an arbitrary score was given. Functional respiratory parameters including FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC X 100 were also evaluated. All the patients were treated rectally with clofoctol 1500 mg daily for five days. Bacterial evidence of infection was obtained by sputum culture, which was repeated at the end of treatment. At that time, bacteriological results were 72.4% disappearance of baseline pathogens, 20.7% persistence of baseline pathogens and 6.9% presence of different organisms. Functional respiratory parameters were found to be significantly improved by treatment. Clinical results, arbitrarily evaluated on the basis of the overall assessment of laboratory and functional data, were excellent in 33.3%, good in 44.4%, fair in 5.6% and poor in 16.7% of patients. Tolerance was generally good; side-effects included maculopapular rash in 2 patients and rectal disturbances in 10 patients. In conclusion, for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases clofoctol offers an interesting alternative to antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Clinical study on the efficacy of clofoctol in the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases. 401 51

Eighty patients with spontaneous pneumothoraces treated in the University Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital from January 1981 to March 1983 were reviewed. There were 75 males and 5 females. Their ages ranged from 15 to 92 years. Dyspnea was the chief representing symptom in 59 patients (74%) followed by chest pain in 47 patients (59%). One patient was admitted with loss of consciousness. Pneumothorax with no discernable associated disease was present in 36 patients (45%) whereas 34 (43%) had chronic obstructive airways disease. Of the remaining 10 patients, active pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 5, bronchogenic carcinoma in 2, bronchial asthma in 2 and bronchopneumonia in 1 percent. Pneumothorax occurred equally on both sides. Single episode of pneumothorax was present in 64 patients (80%). Recurrent pneumothoraces were only present in 16 patients (20%). 57 patients (71%) required chest tube insertion while 14 patients (18%) in addition required either medical or surgical pleurodesis. Death occurred in 6 patients (7.5%) mainly in those with chronic obstructive airways disease. In this study the majority of pneumothoraces occurred in patients with either no underlying pulmonary disease or those with chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. A bimodal age presentation was noted, with the younger patients having no underlying respiratory disorders.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in medical practice in a general hospital. 407 13

An epidemiological, cross-sectional study was conducted in order to assess non-neoplasic effects on the lung due to chronic exposure to arc welding fumes and gases. The study involved 346 arc welders and 214 control workers from a factory producing industrial vehicles. These workers (welders and controls) had never been exposed to asbestos. Respiratory impairments were evaluated by using a standardized questionnaire, a clinical examination, chest radiophotography and several lung function tests (spirometry, bronchial challenge test to acetylcholine, CO transfer tests according to the breath-holding and the steady-state methods, N2 washout test). The only significant differences between the welders overall compared to the controls were a slightly higher bronchial hyper-reactivity to acetylcholine and a lower lung diffusing capacity for CO in the welders. However, non-specific, radiologic abnormalities (reticulation, micronodulation) and obstructive signs were more frequent in the most exposed welders (welding inside tanks) than in welders working in well ventilated workplaces. The nature of the metal welded (mild-steel, stainless steel, aluminium) did not seem to have an influence on respiratory impairments. In the mild-steel welders, respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, recurrent bronchitis) and obstructive signs were more frequent in the welders using a manual process than in the welders involved with the semi-automatic process (MIG). For all the workers (welders and controls), smoking had a markedly adverse effect on respiratory symptoms and lung function. Moreover, smoking seemed to interact with welding since CO lung transfer was more impaired in smoking welders than in smoking controls.
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PMID:Lung function and clinical findings in a cross-sectional study of arc welders. An epidemiological study. 407 77

Thirteen infants and children with adenovirus type 7 infection proved by virus isolation are described. High fever, cough and dyspnea were the most frequent findings; in infants under 1 year of age wheezing was common. Four patients required artificial ventilation. Lobar collapse, consolidation and hyperinflation were frequent radiologic findings. None of the symptoms responded to antibiotic therapy or bronchodilator drugs. Three patients died (mortality rate of 23%). Pathologic findings were compatible with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia, and were characterized by a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, patchy alveolar fibrinopurulent exudate and hyaline membrane formation. Some intra-alveolar epithelial cells showed strikingly abnormal nuclei and rare typical halo-outlined intranuclear inclusions were seen. Only one of eight survivors had evidence of significant chronic chest disease.
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PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in Montreal. 434 82

Of 72 patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema, emphysema occurred either alone or in association with bronchitis in 61, and 8 of these (13%) were found to have alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. The main features of this condition are: exertional dyspnoea of relatively early onset (generally between 30 and 45 years of age), severely impaired FEV(1) and T(L)CO, and radiological emphysema predominantly affecting the lower zones of the lungs. It is probable that any patient with all the above abnormalities has alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. There is evidence to suggest that cigarette smoking may hasten the onset of this type of emphysema.
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PMID:Pulmonary emphysema and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. 555 Dec 41

The physiopathology of chronic bronchitis consists of sequential reactions which progressively result in respiratory failure, blood gas abnormalities and finally, post-hypoxia cor pulmonale. Airway obstruction produces maldistribution of inspired gas and starts off a series of compensatory mechanisms with increased resting lung volume and prolonged expiration time resulting in diminution of tidal volume. Abnormal ventilation/perfusion ratios result in shunt and dead space effects, determine blood gas disorders and hypoxia due to reflex vasoconstriction and ultimately lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension with elevated cardiac output and increased vascular resistances. These physiopathological chain-mechanisms account for the clinical symptoms observed, including dyspnoea, episodes of acute bronchitis and in the end, signs of chronic cor pulmonale. They also indicate that the primary objective of treatment is to correct hypoxaemia. This can be achieved by continuous low flow rate oxygen therapy, by drugs capable of redistributing more evenly the ventilation/perfusion ratios and, accessorily, by respiratory analeptic agents. As regards the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, one must admit that many uncertainties are still surrounding the use of vasodilators.
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PMID:[Physiopathology of chronic bronchitis]. 614 30

The mechanisms of exercise-induced dyspnoea in chronic obstructive bronchitis are diverse and complex. Dyspnoea develops simultaneously with ventilatory obstruction and constitutes a major symptom in view of its frequency, prognostic value and functional repercussions. It is not the most common reason for seeking medical advice, but because ventilatory obstruction is of poor prognosis it should be systematically looked for by precise, directed questioning in all patients with chronic bronchitis. In some cases, the effects of drugs on dyspnoea can be evaluated by means of a clinical score, but such an evaluation requires a strictly controlled double-blind trial with separate assessments by the clinician and the patient. The effectiveness of almitrine bismesylate on exercise-induced dyspnoea in chronic bronchitis has been demonstrated by this method. A multicentre, drug versus placebo controlled trial conducted on 200 patients during 6 months has shown that almitrine bismesylate significantly lowered dyspnoea scores measured according to the Sadoul scale and that the symptomatic improvement observed correlated with the effects of the drug on blood gases. By promoting tissue oxygenation, almitrine bismesylate may antagonize one or several of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced dyspnoea in chronic bronchitis patients who have reached the stage of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Dyspnea in chronic bronchitis patients. A method for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic efficacy]. 614 31

51 patients suffering from chronic spastic bronchitis were treated with acupuncture over a period of three years. The patient group consisted of 15 men and 36 women varying in age from 19 to 75 years, with an average age of 45.7 years. The therapy program consisted of 2 or 3 months of acupuncture treatment in alternation with an equal period (2 or 3 months) of recess during which no treatment was administered. Before acupuncture, patients had taken corticosteroids either orally and/or intramuscularly for a period of 2 to 24 years. For those taking corticosteroids orally the daily dosages ranged from 10 to 40 mg Encorton (Polfa, Poland). The patients took intramuscular injections of 60 to 80 mg Kenalog (Squibb) every two or three weeks. Of the 51 patients, 36 completed 3 years of acupuncture treatment. It was found that 63.8% of the patients were able to eliminate corticosteroids for the last part of this study period, i.e., from 3 to 26 months (average period 10.2 months). In 13.9% of the patients the dose of intramuscular injection of corticosteroids was reduced by over 60% during acupuncture treatment. In 16.7% of the patients, the oral administration of corticosteroids was only during lung infections with dyspnoea. In 7 patients (i.e., in 19.5% of the 36 patients) administration of all previously required drugs (i.e., corticosteroids, mucolytic drugs, appropriate antibiotics, aminoxanthines, sympathomimetic beta-agonists, sedation drugs, aerosolized drugs with corticosteroids, and nebulized drugs) during the last 3 to 15 months of this study period (average of 9.8 months) were no longer required.
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PMID:The effect of acupuncture on the clinical state of patients suffering from chronic spastic bronchitis and undergoing long-term treatment with corticosteroids. 615 11

The effect of the endotoxin of a noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strain isolated from bronchitis was studied on the respiration of mice. Inhalation of the H. influenzae endotoxin resulted in heavy attacks of dyspnoea with non-specific histological changes in the lung. The endotoxin elicited no direct response in isolated organs, but produced cytotoxic changes in HEp-2 tissue cultures. The experiments led to the conclusion that the clinical signs and the histological changes may be explained by the direct damaging effect of endotoxin on the cells and by the released mediator substances.
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PMID:Respiratory effect of Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin in mice. 660 29


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