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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is an uncommon lung disorder involving the right middle lobe and/or lingula and is characterized by a spectrum of clinical and pathological lesions ranging from recurrent atelectasis or pneumonias to bronchiectasis. Despite several series reporting the clinical features of MLS, histopathological descriptions are rare. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and pathological findings in 21 patients with MLS who underwent surgical resections. Six male and 15 female patients between the ages of 5 and 80 years (mean, 47 years) were studied. All patients were symptomatic and complained of chronic cough (8), hemoptysis (6), chest pain (4), dyspnea (3), or fever (2). The right middle lobe was involved in 11 patients, the lingula in four patients, and both right middle lobe and lingula in six patients. Chest radiographs, bronchograms, and/or computed tomography scans were available for review in 19 patients and showed consolidation (8), bronchiectasis (9), patchy infiltrates (5), and atelectasis (4) in various combinations. Pathological findings included bronchiectasis in 10 patients, chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, patchy organizing pneumonia in six, atelectasis in five, granulomatous inflammation in five, and abscess formation in four. Three patients with granulomatous inflammation had associated atypical mycobacterial infection. Broncholithiasis was confirmed by pathological examination in one patient. No pathological cause for bronchial obstruction was identified in the remaining 20 patients, although one was thought to have had broncholithiasis on the basis of preoperative bronchoscopy. The presence of bronchiectasis, bronchitis or bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, or atelectasis in specimens from the right middle lobe or of lingula in the absence of an identifiable cause of bronchial obstruction should suggest a diagnosis of MLS.
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PMID:Middle lobe syndrome: a clinicopathological study of 21 patients. 789 Feb 82

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of asthma-related symptoms in a group of primary school children, by means of a questionnaire completed by their parents, and their lung function using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Also investigated were diagnostic labeling and medical prescription. We approached 535 children, from two primary schools in Maastricht, the Netherlands. Completed questionnaires were received from 482 children (90%). Valid lung function values were obtained in 470 of these children (98%). The lifetime prevalence of wheeze and attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze was 29% and 19%, respectively. The period prevalence of wheeze was 15%, 13% reported chronic cough, and 10% attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze. The doctor-diagnosed asthma and bronchitis prevalence was 6% and 19%, respectively. Of the children diagnosed as having asthma, 69% used antiasthma medication; none of the children diagnosed as having bronchitis used antiasthma medication. A symptom-based asthma prevalence of 11% was calculated. Statistically significant differences in spirometric and FOT indices were found between the children with and without complaints. In conclusion, among the 482 investigated children a relatively high prevalence of unrecognized or misclassified, and therefore undertreated, asthma-related symptoms was found. These observations were confirmed by the lung function data, in that we found significant differences in spirometric and FOT indices between children with and without complaints.
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PMID:Asthma-related symptoms and lung function in primary school children. 804 Jan 54

This study was designed to examine differences in the respiratory health status of preadolescent school children, aged 7-11 years, who resided in 10 rural Canadian communities areas of moderate and low exposure to regional sulfate and ozone pollution. Five of the communities were located in central Saskatchewan, a low-exposure region, and five were located in southwestern Ontario, an area with moderately elevated exposures resulting from long-range atmospheric transport of polluted air masses. In this cross-sectional study, the child's respiratory symptoms and illness history were evaluated using a parent-completed questionnaire, administered in September 1985. Respiratory function was assessed once for each child in the schools between October 1985 and March 1986, by the measurement of pulmonary function for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), mean forced expiratory flow rate during the middle half of the FVC curve (FEF25-75), and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of the expired vital capacity (V50max). The 1986 annual mean of the 1-hr daily maxima of ozone was higher in Ontario (46.3 ppb) than in Saskatchewan (34.1 ppb), with 90th percentile concentrations of 80 ppb in Ontario and 47 ppb in Saskatchewan. Summertime 1-hr daily maxima means were 69.0 ppb in Ontario and 36.1 ppb in Saskatchewan. Annual mean and 90th percentile concentrations of inhalable sulfates were three times higher in Ontario than in Saskatchewan; there were no significant differences in levels of inhalable particles (PM10) or particulate nitrates. Levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were low in both regions. After controlling for the effects of age, sex, parental smoking, parental education, and gas cooking, no significant regional differences were observed in rates of chronic cough or phlegm, persistent wheeze, current asthma, bronchitis in the past year, or any chest illness that kept the child at home for 3 or more consecutive days during the previous year. Children living in southwestern Ontario had statistically significant (P < 0.01) mean decrements of 1.7% in FVC and 1.3% in FEV1.0 compared with Saskatchewan children, after adjusting for age, sex, weight, standing height, parental smoking, and gas cooking. There were no statistically significant regional differences in the pulmonary flow parameters (P > 0.05).
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PMID:Air pollution and childhood respiratory health: exposure to sulfate and ozone in 10 Canadian rural communities. 805 35

The effect of indoor and outdoor particulate level on respiratory health was examined in 1,576 never smokers, 40 to 69 yr of age residing in industrial, residential, and suburban areas. The health outcomes of interest in this report were physician-diagnosed bronchitis, asthma, and six respiratory symptoms including chronic cough, chronic phlegm, bouts of cough and phlegm, shortness of breath (SOB), wheeze, and wheeze with SOB. Households with coal stoves had substantially higher indoor particulate levels than those with gas stoves. Subjects were grouped into three exposure categories according to the indoor use of coal stoves for both cooking and heating (B), either cooking or heating (E), or neither (N). The adjusted odds ratios for chronic phlegm, bouts of cough and phlegm, wheeze, and wheeze with SOB were significantly higher in the B than in the N group; the odds ratios for chronic cough and SOB were also higher for B than N, although these were not significant. The odds ratios in the E group were significantly greater for wheeze with SOB than in the N group but not for the other symptoms. The global estimates of the odds ratios for the six symptoms were 1.4 and 2.0, respectively, for the E and B groups. The particulate level was highest in the industrial area and lowest in the suburban area. There was an excess risk of all respiratory symptoms among subjects residing in industrial and residential areas, with an increase in symptom prevalence with outdoor particulate levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Association of indoor and outdoor particulate level with chronic respiratory illness. 825 93

The relationship of peripheral blood leukocyte count to respiratory symptoms was explored in data from the Second Annual National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES II). The study sample consisted of 9237 white and nonwhite US adults between the ages of 30 and 74 years. Three respiratory symptom outcomes were utilized: physician-diagnosed chronic cough and chronic bronchitis and self-reported frequent wheeze apart from colds or flu in the past 12 months. Peripheral blood leukocyte counts were performed using a Coulter counter, model FN. Logistic regression analysis was performed for each of the three respiratory symptom outcomes controlling for age, race, gender, and cigarette-years of smoke exposure. The peripheral blood leukocyte count was a significant predictor for each symptom. For a standard deviation increase in the log leukocyte count, the relative odds of wheezing was 1.93 (95% confidence level [CI], 1.47 to 2.52); for chronic cough, 2.29 (95% CI, 1.74 to 3.00); and for bronchitis, 2.44 (95% CI, 1.77 to 3.35). Analyses restricted to never smokers gave similar results. These data suggest that peripheral blood leukocyte count correlates with respiratory symptoms and are consistent with the hypothesis that the leukocyte count is a serum marker of inflammation.
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PMID:Peripheral blood leukocyte count and respiratory symptoms. 828 57

Race and gender differences in respiratory illness prevalence rates were assessed in a cohort of 8,322 white children and 1,056 black children 7 to 14 yr of age from four U.S. cities. Boys had higher rates of wheeze, asthma, cough, phlegm, and bronchitis than girls. Black children had higher rates of persistent wheeze, shortness of breath with wheeze, asthma, chronic cough, and chronic phlegm than white children. We examined whether the racial disparity in respiratory illness prevalence could be accounted for by environmental exposures and socioeconomic factors. The proportion of families without a parent who had graduated from high school was higher for blacks than for whites, as was the proportion of single-parent households. Black children took up smoking less frequently; their mothers smoked fewer cigarettes. Personal and maternal smoking predicted higher rates of persistent wheeze, chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and chest illness. The relative odds for persistent wheeze were 1.34 (1.07, 1.69) for smoking children compared with nonsmoking children. The relative odds for persistent wheeze were 1.35 (1.13, 1.60) for children whose mother smoked > 30 cigarettes per day versus children with no maternal smoke exposure. Other predictors of respiratory illnesses included parental respiratory illness, parental education, only-child status, single-parent household, air conditioner use, and body mass index. Nevertheless, adjustment for socioeconomic factors, environmental exposures, and body habitus did not significantly reduce the excess respiratory illness prevalence observed among black children. The adjusted relative odds were 1.47 (1.25, 1.74) for persistent wheeze and 1.57 (1.17, 2.10) for asthma for black children versus white children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Race and gender differences in respiratory illness prevalence and their relationship to environmental exposures in children 7 to 14 years of age. 831 84

Five patients in a pediatric population were identified with idiopathic follicular bronchitis (IFB) by open lung biopsy and their case records were reviewed. All were tachypneic and had a chronic cough by 6 weeks of age. The physical examination was characterized by diffuse fine crackles in four patients and by coarse rhonchi in one. The chest radiographs in all demonstrated a diffuse interstitial pattern. None had a collagen vascular or an autoimmune disease demonstrable. Response to corticosteroid therapy was minimal. Associated or coincidental esophageal reflux was treated surgically in two. No viral or bacterial agents were isolated in the sputum or the biopsy specimens. Patients have been followed up for 2 to 15 years; the conditions of all patients improved at about 2 to 4 years of age. The older patients have residual mild obstructive lung disease. To our knowledge, this is the first reported series of IFB in the pediatric population.
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PMID:Follicular bronchitis in the pediatric population. 840 88

To examine specific cellular markers of inflammation in peripheral blood (neutrophils and eosinophils) and their relationship to respiratory symptoms, we used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Cross-sectional data were available on a random sample of 6,913 adults aged 30 to 74 years who had American Thoracic Society-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute questionnaire information on respiratory symptoms and illnesses, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, dyspnea (grade 3), chronic cough, and chronic phlegm. Information was available on age, race, smoking status, peripheral blood leukocyte count, and differential cell count. These data were analyzed using logistic regression controlling for age, race, sex, and cigarette smoking. Physician-diagnosed asthma was significantly associated only with the eosinophil count (p = 0.001). Physician-diagnosed bronchitis was significantly associated with the neutrophil count (p = 0.012) and marginally associated with the eosinophil count (p = 0.072). Chronic phlegm was also significantly associated with both the eosinophil count (p = 0.049) and the neutrophil count (p = 0.041). Grade 3 dyspnea (p = 0.049) was only significantly associated with the neutrophil count. These data suggest that both peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils are associated with a broad range of respiratory symptoms and that the eosinophil may play a role in nonasthmatic respiratory inflammation.
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PMID:Prediction of respiratory symptoms by peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils in the First National Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). 840 95

During the last decade, the prevalence of allergic asthma has increased in France, as well as in most developed countries. The clustering of symptoms of dyspnoea, chest tightness, wheeze, and their intermittent nature usually leads to a diagnosis of asthma. Nevertheless physicians should be aware of some atypical presentations such as recurrent infections, wheezing bronchitis, exercise induced dyspnoea or chronic cough. Physicians have also to recognize early symptoms of an acute severe asthma. For the identification of the allergen(s) responsible for asthma, data obtained from clinical history, from cutaneous prick tests eventually associated to serum specific IgE antibodies have to be taken in account. The assessment of severity of asthma is another essential point: it needs to be documented by using pulmonary function tests and in more severe forms of asthma on regular measurements of peak expiratory flow rate.
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PMID:[Allergic asthma]. 876 30

To define the role of ambulatory pH monitoring in evaluating chronic cough, we studied esophageal pH values of patients referred to a gastroenterology laboratory. Chronic cough was evaluated in 31 patients, who were grouped based on response to treatments; 11 patients (35.5%) had gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-related cough, 11 (35.5%) had pulmonary/otorhinolaryngologic-related cough (1 bronchitis, 6 asthma, 2 postnasal drip, 1 pneumonia), and 9 patients (29%) had cough of unknown etiology. Esophageal pH values of groups were compared. Excessive acid reflux distally (upright and supine) and proximally (upright) and cough symptom frequency related to acid reflux were significantly higher in patients with GER. Esophageal pH monitoring had good sensitivity (91%), specificity (82%), and positive (83%) and negative (90%) predictive values in identifying GER-related cough. In summary, ambulatory pH monitoring is an excellent test for identifying patients with GER-related cough.
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PMID:Twenty-four-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring in the diagnosis of acid reflux-related chronic cough. 907 2


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