Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parasitic bronchitis caused by the bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, occurs worldwide in temperate areas. The parasite is found predominantly in calves and heifers, but dairy cattle can suffer from lungworms when they become infected for the first time or if they have lost immunity due to lack of exposure to lungworm larvae during the grazing season. The present study was performed to determine the D. viviparus bulk milk antibody prevalence in dairy herds in the East Frisian region of northwestern Germany, Lower Saxony, by analysing bulk milk samples collected in January (860 samples), September (866 samples) and November (860 samples) 2008, thereby representing 906 dairy farms. These samples were tested for antibodies against D. viviparus by a milk ELISA. This test detects patent infections only since it is based on recombinant major sperm protein as antigen. While in January 12.8% of dairy farms were positive for D. viviparus antibodies, the bulk milk samples collected in September and November revealed 6.9% and 6.6% positive dairy herds. From the 906 dairy farms included in the study, 191 (21.1%) tested positive at least once for antibodies against lungworm. From 810 dairy farms from which bulk milk samples were obtained during all three samplings, 146 (18.0%) farms were positive at one sampling date, 27 (3.3%) at two, and 4 (0.5%) on all three sampling dates. The majority of the farms represented in the study belonged to four districts of East Frisia, which showed no significant difference in the proportion of positive dairy farms.
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PMID:A survey on Dictyocaulus viviparus antibodies in bulk milk of dairy herds in Northern Germany. 2191 43

Infections with the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus, the causative agent of parasitic bronchitis, are accompanied by substantial economic losses due to impacts on production, clinical respiratory disease or even death of diseased cattle. To detect lungworm antibodies in cattle, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant major sperm protein (MSP) has been developed. However, it remained unknown whether the infection dose influences antibody levels, and how acquired immunity influences antibody level patterns during reinfections. The latter may lead to low within-herd seroprevalence and thus to negative MSP-ELISA results in examination of bulk tank milk (BTM). Thus, infection experiments with 12 different doses ranging from 10 to 3000 D. viviparus larvae were performed to assess whether the antibody response is dose-dependent. Second, the impact of reinfections on the antibody response was evaluated in infection experiments, and third, antibody patterns in dairy cows during naturally occurring reinfections were assessed in a longitudinal field study based on individual milk samples. Results of this study demonstrate that the rise in MSP antibodies during first infection is dose-independent at infection doses of 25 lungworm larvae and above. However, following reinfections the magnitude and duration of the MSP antibody response are reduced or lacking, depending on the interval to reinfection. The field study revealed short periods of seropositivity as a common pattern in dairy cows subjected to natural D. viviparus reinfections. Low within-herd seroprevalence in dairy herds can thus be a result of continuous reinfections. Low infection doses should not be a barrier to serodiagnosis of lungworm infection in first-time infected cattle.
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PMID:Serological lessons from the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus: Antibody titre development is independent of the infection dose and reinfection shortens seropositivity. 2860 24