Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-five patients have been treated surgically for obstructive azoospermia. Fifteen underwent reversal of vasectomy and 40% of the wives became pregnant. Thirty had epididymovasostomy, and in only 2 (6.5%) did the sperm count become normal, although a few poorly motile sperms appeared in the ejaculate in a further 4 patients. Congenital abnormalities of the vasa in 7 cases and post-inflammatory blocks in 4 cases were examples of obstructive azoospermia due to well defined causes. However, in half of the patients (15 cases) the cause was obscure although it was associated with sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Young's syndrome). The results of pulmonary function tests in 30 cases, and electron microscopic studies of cilia from epididymes (10 cases) and bronchial mucosa (2 cases) indicated that the basic abnormality might be malfunction of the microtubules which appeared to be ultrastructurally normal in most cases. One case appeared to be associated with dietary deficiency, and correction of diet coincided with a successful result of surgery.
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PMID:Obstructive azoospermia: respiratory function tests, electron microscopy and the results of surgery. 75 15

Genital tract reconstruction has been attempted in subfertile men with obstructive azoospermia (370 patients) or unilateral testicular obstruction (80 patients), and in vasectomised men undergoing reversal for the first (130 patients) or subsequent (32 patients) time. Histopathological changes in the obstructed testes and epididymes, and immunological responses to the sequestered spermatozoa have been studied to gain insight into possible causes of failure of surgical treatment. The results of surgery have been assessed by follow-up sperm counts and occurrence of pregnancies in the female partners. The best results were obtained with vasectomy reversal (patency 90%, pregnancy 45%), even after failed previous attempts (patency 87%, pregnancy 37%). Epididymovasostomy gave good results with postinfective caudal blocks (patency 52%, pregnancy 38%), while postinfective vasal blocks were better corrected by total anatomical reconstruction (patency 73%, pregnancy 27%) than by transvasovasostomy (patency 9%, no pregnancies). Poor results were obtained with capital blocks (patency 12%, pregnancy 3%), in which substantial lipid accumulation was demonstrated in the ductuli efferentes; three-quarters of these patients had sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Young's syndrome). There is circumstantial evidence to suggest that this syndrome may be a late complication of mercury intoxication in childhood. After successful reconstruction, fertility was relatively reduced in those men who had antibodies to spermatozoa, particularly amongst the postinfective cases. Similarly, impaired fertility was found in men with unilateral testicular obstruction and antibodies to spermatozoa. Mononuclear cell infiltration of seminiferous tubules and rete testis was noted occasionally, supporting a diagnosis of autoimmune orchitis; although rare, this was an important observation as the sperm output became normal with adjuvant prednisolone therapy.
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PMID:Testicular obstruction: clinicopathological studies. 224 Oct 62

A case of Young's syndrome is described presenting with obstructive azoospermia, sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. It is essential to examine ciliary function and ultrastructure in order to make this diagnosis.
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PMID:Young's syndrome (a case report). 339 45

In 168 azoospermic males with normal or only slightly raised serum FSH levels, serum antisperm antibodies were measured, and the site of obstruction or the nature of the failure of spermatogenesis was defined by exploratory scrototomy with inspection of epididymes, vasography and testicular biopsy. When possible, surgical reconstruction was done by side-to-side epididymovasostomy, with vasovasostomy when necessary using 6/0 Prolene and no splints. Acquired blocks of cauda epididymis (34 cases) and vas (23 cases) were significantly more commonly associated with serum antisperm antibodies than congenital bilateral absence of vasa (29 cases) or blocks at the caput epididymis (48 cases), most of which were associated with sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Young's syndrome). Many of the former patients came from abroad, whereas most of the latter came from the British Isles. Sperm counts of 10 million per ml or more were produced by 23 (45%) of 51 adequately followed up patients with acquired blocks following surgical reconstruction, and 11 pregnancies (21.5%) were produced. Amongst those with spermatozoa in the ejaculate after surgery, serum antisperm antibodies were found significantly less often in those whose wives became pregnant compared with those who failed to produce pregnancies. It is concluded that failure of surgical treatment in some of these cases may have an immunological basis. No success was achieved with other groups.
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PMID:Exploratory scrototomy in 168 azoospermic males. 665 53

Thirty azoospermic patients with normal testes and normal serum FSH levels had scrotal exploration with photographic record of the appearance of the epididymes and vasography; bilateral epididymovasostomies were done is possible, with vasovasostomies if they were coexisting vasal blocks. Follow-up studies showed no success when the epididymes were empty (Type 1), when the vasa were absent or malformed (Type 2), or when tubular dilatation was confined to the heads of the epididymes; all of the latter cases had coexisting sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Type 4--Young's syndrome). Five patients with post-inflammatory disease had epididymes distended down to their tails (Type 3), and 3 also had vasal blocks. Three achieved sperm counts greater than 10 million per ml and impregnated their wives. Ten of 16 vasectomy reversals done by a similar side-to-side technique were successful. A simple classification of obstructive azoospermia is described and it is concluded that in about 50% of cases the underlying cause of failure in sperm transport remains obscure.
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PMID:The long-term results of surgery for obstructive azoospermia. 731 60