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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metastatic transfer of cells from a primary bronchogenic carcinoma to other portions of the lung as a result of mucus embolization and inoculation has been demonstrated. Histologic observations indicate tumor implantation and survival in peripheral bronchioles. In these regions mucosal dysplasia and carcinoma-in-situ changes which characteristically accompany a primary lesion are notably absent. Morphologic changes associated with acute bronchitis and focally denuded bronchial mucosa may be implicated.
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PMID:Transbronchial mucus transfer of bronchogenic carcinoma. 64 53

A bronchofibroscopy study of cases with histologic investigation of the bronchi and pulmonary mucous biopsy of 29 asbestos-textile workers, revealed diffuse bilateral endo-bronchitis (DBE) with concomitant tracheitis at different stages. No correlation was found between the endoscopy pictures and the clinical manifestations of asbestosis and dust bronchitis. The asbestosis diseased patients displayed pulmonary fibrosis++ without granulomatous inflammation in the asbestos dusts zone. In some cases, bronchial epithelium diffuse metaplasia was diagnosed with some dysplasia elements, as well as papillomatosis and malignant tumours in the lungs. Dust bronchitis++ and asbestosis can perform precancerous conditions in the lungs, what should be taken into account in cancer prevention measures for asbestos industry workers.
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PMID:[Endoscopic and morphological characteristics of the bronchi and lungs in asbestosis and dust-induced bronchitis in asbestos-textile industry workers]. 221 Apr 23

Chronic oral candidiasis is generally not considered a premalignant condition. We report on two patients with carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in the soft palate, probably preceded by long lasting chronic Candida infection. The first patient was a 56-year-old woman who suffered from disturbances in the calcium and potassium metabolism and high blood pressure due to a previous goiter operation during which the parathyroids had been removed. She also suffered from bronchitis and had been smoking 12 cigarettes a day for many decades. For several years she had had more or less constant symptoms from airway infections. Increasing symptoms from the throat had developed 2 years before referral and, in this period, she had been in constant antifungal therapy with no effect on the symptoms. Objectively, the entire soft palate, uvula and the palatoglossal arches were fiery red with whitish plaques which were not removable (Fig. 1). A biopsy revealed severe dysplasia and focal carcinoma in situ Subsequently, the lesion in the soft palate was partly removed by laser surgery followed by radiation therapy over a period of 2 month. One year later there was no signs of recurrence (Fig. 4). The second patient, a 53-year-old healthy woman, was referred because of difficulties in eating due to pain in the throat which had existed for 2 years. Without any effect on the symptoms, she had had antifungal therapy for 4 weeks. The patient had been smoking 15 cigarettes a day for many years. Objectively, an area with whitish plaques and nodules on an erythematous background was found (Fig. 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in patients with chronic oral candidiasis]. 263 19

Many reports dealing with the toxicity of oil mist in industrial health have been published. The condition appears to be worldwide in distribution and the number of reported cases increases with increasing clinical awareness. In 158 reports published from 1965 to 1993 the following diseases were observed: Skin--contact dermatitis, oil acne and photosensitive allergic dermatitis; Scrotum--benign and malignant tumors; Respiratory system-nasal discomfort symptoms, rhinitis, nasal mucosal dysplasia, nasal mucosal tumor, laryngeal cancer, bronchitis, lipoid pneumonia, lung fibrosis, lung cancer and bronchial asthma; Others--possible carcinogenicity, high incidence of chromosomal change. This shows that oil mist appears to be involved in many industrial diseases, however, cause-and-effect relationship still remains a matter of conjecture; in which exposure dose and/or duration-dependent toxicity is highly probable. Further investigations will be required including immunotoxicological as well as environmental studies for oil mist exposure.
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PMID:[Oil mist exposure in industrial health--a review]. 774 90

Thirty-six transtracheal washing (TTW) and 12 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens collected in clinical practice from horses with and without respiratory disease were reviewed. Cytological features were considered in accordance with the presenting complaint, clinical signs, clinical diagnoses, microbiological, radiographic and/or endoscopic findings, therapy, and response to therapy. The trichrome-stained TTW and BAL specimens were useful in interpreting the results of concurrent microbiological cultures, and determining whether a condition was present based on occurrence of typical cytological features of patterns (e.g. probable allergy, chronic obstruction, uncomplicated exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage), determining pathological/anatomical diagnoses (e.g. bronchitis, bronchiolitis and/or alveolitis; presence of metaplasia or dysplasia) and possible aetiologies (e.g. allergy, bacterial infection). Review of these cases confirmed the practicality of using cytological specimens to evaluate the equine respiratory tract; there were few unsatisfactory specimens and no reported complications. The importance of cytological evaluation of the equine respiratory system was emphasised by the identification of 13 cases in which clinical signs were not apparent at physical examination. Sequential collections of cytological specimens from foals, young horses before and during early training, and mature horses in training may provide more information about the response of the equine lung to stresses associated with training and/or common environmental exposures.
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PMID:A review of cytological specimens from horses with and without clinical signs of respiratory disease. 827

For 6 weeks a 52-year-old woman had complained of increasing fatigue, blood-streaked vomitus, retrosternal burning and pain between the shoulder blades. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. Blood sedimentation rate was increased to 15/40 mm and the iron concentration was slightly reduced. Computed tomography demonstrated densities in the left upper lobe of the lung and both lower lobes. Scintigraphy revealed a perfusion defect in the left apex of the lung while bronchoscopy demonstrated acute bronchitis in the left upper lobe. Further haemoptysis occurred 3 months later, but several bronchoscopies failed to elucidate their cause. Three days later another haemoptysis caused respiratory arrest. After resuscitation the bleeding was localized to the right main bronchus, and the right upper and middle lobes were resected. The patient died the next day from a massive haemoptysis. Post-mortem examination showed angiodysplasia in all lobes of the lung. The branches of the pulmonary artery were dilated, their wall was irregular and the muscular tunica media reduced. The elastic lamellae were fragmented and there were cell-rich intimal pads. These changes most closely resembled fibromuscular dysplasia.
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PMID:[Pulmonary angiodysplasia with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage]. 851 18

Clinicomorphological analysis of 15 lung carcinomas of patients who had been exposed for a long time to the radiation after the Chernobyl accident was performed. The material consisted of 10 surgical and 5 autopsy cases and was studied at the light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical level. There were 6 peripheral, 8 central carcinomas and one massive tumor. Fibrous areas with many dust particles were found in peripheral carcinomas. In central tumors chronic obstructive bronchitis with epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia was observed. Carcinoma was represented by various histologic types: small cell (4 cases), combined small cell with squamous differentiation (5 cases), adenocarcinoma (5 cases), adenosquamous type (1 case). Peculiar calcium deposits in both stroma and parenchyma were found in tumors with glandular differentiation. Morphogenesis of calcium microdeposits may be connected with dust radioactive particles elimination. Central carcinoma had, in the majority of cases, a neuroendocrine differentiation and can be related to some types of small cell carcinoma. Peripheral cancer was mostly of a glandular differentiation and was, as a rule, carcinoma in the scar. Lung carcinomas studied had peculiar molecular-genetic features: lack or low bcl-2 expression, low Ki-67 expression and a high degree of c-myc expression. Tumors were characterized by a low apoptosis index independently of a histologic type. Apoptosis was not complete: lack of apoptotic bodies phagocytosis this resulting in postapoptotic detritus formation.
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PMID:[Morphologic and molecular-genetic characterization of lung cancer developing in people who have worked at nuclear facilities and who have lived in Russian territories polluted after the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]. 1019

Expectoration of bronchial casts, a condition also called plastic bronchitis, is very rare in children. Bronchial casts may be associated with bronchopulmonary diseases associated with mucus hypersecretion, bronchopulmonary bacterial infections, congenital and acquired cardiopathies, or pulmonary lymphatic abnormalities. A classification based on anatomy and pathology has been proposed which identifies an "acellular" group associated with congenital cardiopathies and palliative surgery. We report on 3 cases with bronchial casts associated with cardiopathy. Observations suggest that the formation of bronchial casts may result from lymphatic leakage into the bronchi. The 3 cases on which we report were immunodeficient and had pulmonary lymphatic abnormalities. The bronchial casts contained lymphocytes and lipids, as determined by histologic examination. In the absence of congenital pulmonary or diffuse lymphatic dysplasia associated with cardiopathy, the principal factors resulting in the formation of bronchial casts appear to be surgical trauma to the lymphatic channels surrounding the bronchi, pleural adhesions, and high systemic venous blood pressure. The prognosis for these patients is poor, and possibilities for treatment are limited.
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PMID:Bronchial casts in children with cardiopathies: the role of pulmonary lymphatic abnormalities. 1053 63

Invasive carcinoma originates from the epithelial cells lining the lumen of an organ. It is often preceded by metaplasia, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. The purpose of this review is to suggest that this disease of the epithelium may be, in part, the result of underlying tissue-based disorganization. Human cancer is frequently associated with pre-existing tissue disease. For example, hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with a macronodular cirrhotic liver. Most lung cancers arise among patients with chronic lung disease (bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic infection). Mechanical forces appear to play a major role in regulating normal and cancer cell growth. The loss of cell polarity by neoplastic cells, coupled to an otherwise normal growth rate is enough to explain the cancer star-shaped pattern. By changing the plane of cell division, tumor cells may escape physical constraints from surrounding cells and divide. Loss of cell polarity and the resulting cell proliferation appears to be a consequence of either tissue-based disorganization (chronic inflammation, fibrosis) or of direct carcinogenic insult. The multiple mutations frequently described in cancer may be, in part, secondary to physical stress and not primary events. Several animal and clinical trials have shown that tissue disruption (i.e. radiation-induced fibrosis or liver cirrhosis) can be successfully treated. It is possible that treatment targeted at tissue disruption would delay or reduce cancer incidence regardless of the precise biological mechanism of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Cancer: the role of extracellular disease. 1202 30

Immotile cilia syndromes is a cause of recurrent infection of the airways and recurrent bronchopneumonias. Among the ciliary abnormalities are found changes in the structure of the microtubules, unco-ordinated ciliary movements caused by the absence of inner or outer or both dynein arms, and abnormalities of the kinetosomes and/or rete ridges. In patients with ciliary dyskinaesia bronchitis occurs early in life (during infancy) and usually has a recurrent tendency, so that bronchial biopsy is frequently undergone for diagnostic purposes. In this study we include 127 bronchial biopsies from patients (from 2 months to 49 years) unsuccessfully treated for recurrent respiratory tract infections. When performing regular diagnostic procedures on the light and electron microscopic level, we have looked for cilia abnormalities and also focused on changes within the mucosa and submucosa. The most common abnormality recorded was absence of the inner dynein arms, but in 40 cases neither of the dynein arms were present. Only a few patients had classical Kartagener's syndrome. Special attention is drawn to biopsies from elderly patients, in whom long-standing infections were followed by extensive damage to the bronchial epithelium, including even a total absence of ciliated cells. In some cases enhanced regenerative processes and some foci of squamous metaplasia were found. In two cases even foci of low-grade dysplasia were diagnosed.
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PMID:Changes in the bronchial epithelia in patients with immotile cilia syndromes. 1465 24


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