Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chicks were vaccinated with an Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine when they were 1 day (Trial 1) or 4 weeks old (Trial 2). Starting at 4 weeks 3 days of age, chicks in both trials were subjected to an assay that measures the immunofunctional response of the gland of Harder (GH), one of the components of the head-associated lymphoid tissue (HALT). The assay involved multiple ocular exposures to killed Brucella abortus antigen, after which tears were collected and titered for antibodies to B. abortus. Following this, select tissues from vaccinated and unvaccinated chicks were collected and examined microscopically for specific lesions. Both functional and structural alterations were detected in the HALT of IBV-vaccinated chicks. Antibody titers to B. abortus in vaccinated chicks were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in unvaccinated controls. Structurally, there were elevations (P less than 0.01) in the number of lymphoid cells and follicles found in the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity. This occurred in the vaccinated chicks of both trials. Otherwise, histologic changes were confined to the chicks vaccinated at 4 weeks of age (Trial 2). In that trial, there were elevations in lymphoid-cell and follicle numbers in the eyelid (P less than 0.01) and lacrimal gland (P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Effects of an Arkansas strain of infectious bronchitis vaccine on the head-associated lymphoid tissue (HALT). 164 90

Ten Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and 10 NDV and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) combination vaccines (NDV/IBV) were evaluated for their effect on the head-associated lymphoid tissue (HALT) of 2-wk-old chicks. After vaccination, the chicks were subjected to an in vivo assay that measures the ability of the gland of Harder (GH) to respond to killed Brucella abortus antigen given in the eye by titering B. abortus antibodies in the tears. Following this, several sites in the HALT and trachea were examined histologically and scored for microscopic changes. The results indicated that three of the NDV/IBV combination vaccines (one BI/Mass&Conn and two LaSota/Mass&Conn) interfered with the GH response to killed B. abortus, whereas none of the NDV vaccines did Histologically, several changes were noted in the vaccinated chicks; however, no changes in the GH were observed that could explain microscopically the GH depression. With the IBV-only vaccines reported earlier (16), and the NDV-only and NDV/IBV combination vaccines reported here, a total of 36 vaccines have been evaluated using the same testing protocol. The conclusions of these combined studies suggest that several of the modified live virus vaccines containing IBV, either alone or in combination with NDV, interfere with the ability of the GH/HALT to respond to antigenic stimulation.
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PMID:Effects of Newcastle disease vaccines and Newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis combination vaccines on the head-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken. 920 6

The relationship between the dietary level of vitamin E (VE) and the immune response of broilers was studied in three experiments. Immunity was assessed as antibody production to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), SRBC, and Brucella abortus (BA) antigens, mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) to PHA, and lipopolysaccharide induction of acute-phase proteins (APP) and heterophilia. A range of VE (0, 10, 17.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100, and 200 IU/kg) levels were supplemented to a basal diet (corn-soy) containing 10.2 IU of VE/kg. We found a dose-dependent increase in antibody production in response to attenuated IBV between 0 and 25 IU/kg of supplemented VE and no further increase at higher levels. Antibody levels to SRBC were higher in birds supplemented with 50 IU of VE/kg compared to those supplemented with 0 or 200 IU/kg of VE. Antibody production in response to BA antigens was not influenced by VE. Mitogenic responses were suppressed by supplemented VE in Experiment 1 for PHA (25 IU/kg diet) and Con A (25 and 50 IU/kg diets). CBH and APP levels were not affected by VE. Heterophilia was lowest at 50 IU/kg 6 h after lipopolysaccharide injection (Experiment 1). Our study showed that moderate (25 to 50 IU/kg) levels of VE supplementation were most immunomodulatory and that high levels were less effective.
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PMID:Relationship between the level of dietary vitamin E and the immune response of broiler chickens. 1173 76