Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five cases of the respiratory infections, in which Neisseria meningitidis was isolated upon the examination of the transtracheal aspiration (TTA), were reported. Patients studied were four males at the ages of 18, 56, 66 and 78 years, and a 18-year old female. Five cases were bronchopneumonia (two cases), acute bronchitis (two cases) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) (one case). Underlying diseases were as follows: lung cancer or acute myocardial infarction in cases of bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis in cases of acute bronchitis. There was a case in which only N. meningitidis was cultured from specimens obtained by TTA, although another different organism, in addition to N. meningitidis, was recovered from the patient of other cases. Other organisms found together with N. miningitidis were H. influenzae (2 cases), S. dysgalactiae (1 case) and M. tuberculosis (1 case). Predisposing factors were common cold in the female patient and bronchoscopic examination in the cases of lung cancer and of interstitial pneumonia. Two of the five cases occurred consecutively in the same room and so they were considered as nosocomial infections. With these findings, it can be posturated that N. meningitidis might be one of the etiological agents of the respiratory infections.
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PMID:[A clinical study on five cases of respiratory infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis]. 212 57

A 76-year-old man had an extensively calcified left ventricular pseudoaneurysm which was a sequela of acute myocardial infarction suffered 22 years ago. He experienced acute anterolateral myocardial infarction in January 1964. In March 1964, the presence of a left ventricular aneurysm was suspected by chest radiography and fluoroscopy. He was, however, in good health since then. In April 1986, when he was admitted for treatment of acute bronchitis, a large calcified density was found in the left ventricular region on chest radiography. The electrocardiogram was compatible with an old anterolateral myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed an immobile portion of the left ventricle which contained "moya-moya" (sluggish, smoky) echoes. A saccular aneurysm of the left ventricle was confirmed by radioisotope cardiac pool scans, reconstruction CT and left ventriculography. Due to the poor general condition of the patient, we followed his course without surgery. He died in October 1986. At autopsy, the pseudoaneurysm was markedly calcified, and its wall was adherent to the parietal pericardium. Histologically, the pseudoaneurysmal structure turned out to be a pseudoaneurysm since the saccular wall contained only scar tissue but no myocardial cells. This is a very rare case of a patient with a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm who survived for 22 years after its occurrence.
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PMID:[Long-term survival of a patient with pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle following myocardial infarction]. 269 92

The recent decline in stroke mortality, and its seasonal variation, have not been satisfactorily explained through any single factor. Nevertheless, several causes might operate through a single mechanism, namely salt loss variation. The increased use of diuretics could explain the trend, and physiological salt loss variations might explain the cycle. The associations between mortality and meteorological variables were therefore examined. The examination was negative in that temperature correlations were equally strong in winter and in summer, with no support for the hypothesis that temperature-dependent salt loss was a contributing cause. It was found in addition, unexpectedly, that stroke mortality showed strong correlations with atmospheric pollution levels, both in winter and in summer. These correlations were strengthened, rather than dissipated, by standardisation for season and for temperature. The pattern for stroke mortality differed, in these respects, from acute myocardial infarction. The pollution correlations of hypertension deaths were similar to those from stroke, and they were jointly more powerful than correlations with deaths from bronchitis.
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PMID:Meteorological associations of cerebrovascular disease mortality in England and Wales. 732 83

The Hanshin earthquake occurred on January 17, 1995, causing considerable disruption at our hospital due to lack of water and gas supplies for about 5-6 weeks after the earthquake. We admitted 63 cardiac patients as emergencies during first 3 weeks, including 32 with congestive heart failure, 6 with unstable angina, 8 with acute myocardial infarction and 17 with other diseases. Congestive heart failure occurred mainly in aged patients who suffered from upper respiratory infection or bronchitis. We were obliged to send 20 critically ill cardiac patients to other cardiac centers by helicopter or ambulance, because no intensive care could be provided. Major and high grade hospital functions cannot be achieved in earthquake areas.
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PMID:[Cardiac emergencies after the Hanshin (Kobe-Osaka) earthquake]. 775 55

This recently recognised member of the genus Chlamydia is one of the most widespread pathogens of man, though up to 90% of infected people have few or no symptoms. Several studies have estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to C. pneumoniae at 40-55% in the northern hemisphere, and over 60% in under-developed countries. The incidence of infections follows a cyclical pattern, with peaks at regular intervals of 2-10 years, but no apparent seasonal periodicity. Nosocomial transmission may be mediated by environmental surfaces as well as aerosols, and immunosuppression, for example by the human immunodeficiency virus, predisposes to infection. Chlamydia pneumoniae causes predominantly atypical pneumonia, often severe in adults, especially the elderly; including 5-10% of community-acquired pneumonia in Scandinavian countries. Serological evidence indicates associations with asthma, bronchitis, exacerbations of chronic airflow obstruction, otitis media and bronchiolitis. Several studies, using both serological and morbid anatomical techniques, also indicate associations with vascular atheroma and ischaemic heart disease, and with acute myocardial infarction. Chronic, latent and recurrent infections have been documented, and it is postulated that, like chronic or recurrent C. trachomatis infections, these may produce disease as a consequence of the host's immunological hypersensitivity. Several techniques are available for serological diagnosis: the technique of choice is micro-immunofluorescence, using fixed whole elementary or reticulate bodies as antigen, but antibody responses are highly variable. Traditional alternatives, antigen detection (by direct immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay) and cell culture, have major disadvantages. Polymerase chain reactions have not yet been widely applied to the clinical setting. tetracycline antibiotics, erythromycin and quinolones are not very efficacious in the treatment of C. pneumoniae infection. The azalide antibiotic, azithromycin, and the macrolide, clarithromycin, are active in vitro against C. pneumoniae, and may become treatments of choice. The development of anti-chlamydial vaccines remains an important research goal.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 789 84

The numbers of persons with influenza presenting to general practitioners in England and Wales during the epidemics of late 1989, late 1993, and early 1995 are estimated to be approximately 760,00, 480,000 and 192,000, respectively. The expected numbers used to derive these estimates were obtained by averaging incidence by week over the 9 winters of 1986/87 to 1994/95, excluding those weeks in which influenza was prevalent. These 3 epidemics varied in magnitude and in the relative impact on persons in different age groups. The influenza B epidemic in 1995 scarcely affected elderly people. During the 3 epidemic periods, increased numbers of persons consulted their general practitioners with other respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, acute bronchitis and otitis media. The patterns of increase were not consistent between the epidemics, partly because of the differing impact on the various age groups and partly because of the effect of other respiratory viral illnesses prevalent at the same time. No increase occurred in the numbers of persons reported with new episodes of cerebrovascular accident or of acute myocardial infarction. A similar method was used to estimate excess deaths, which amounted to 25,000 in 1989, 13,000 in 1993, and 500 in 1995. In the periods immediately following the influenza epidemics, the observed pattern of deaths conformed to the expected, demonstrating that persons dying during the epidemics were not just dying a few weeks prematurely.
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PMID:The impact of three influenza epidemics on primary care in England and Wales. 1016 Apr 91

We used disease mapping for health impact assessment of the national airport of the Netherlands. Spatio-temporal models were used to relate hospital discharge data for acute myocardial infarction and bronchitis in 1991, 1992 and 1993 to noise and distance from the airport. To compare models a discrepancy measure (expected predictive deviance) proposed by Carlin and Louis was used. The best fitting model was the most general one with inclusion of spatial and temporal components. Results on the effects of the covariates noise and distance from the airport were somewhat inconsistent between men and women and between the two diseases: for women no association between bronchitis and distance from the airport was found, whereas for men no association between acute myocardial infarction and noise was found.
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PMID:Assessing health impact of environmental pollution sources using space-time models. 1096 Aug 72

The recent decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in Western countries has been linked with changes in life style and treatment. This study considers periods of decline before effective medical interventions or knowledge about risk factors. Trends in annual age-standardized death rates from cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and circulatory disease, and all cardiovascular disease are reviewed for three phases, 1881-1916, 1920-1939, and 1940-2000. There was a consistent decline in the cerebrovascular disease death rate between 1891 and 2000, apart from brief increases after the two world wars. The heart disease and circulatory disease death rate was declining between 1891 and 1910 before cigarette smoking became prevalent. The early peak in cardiovascular mortality in 1891 coincided with an influenza pandemic and a peak in the death rate from bronchitis, pneumonia and influenza. There is also correspondence between short-term fluctuations in the death rates from these respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disease. This evidence of ecological association is consistent with the findings of many studies that seasonal influenza can trigger acute myocardial infarction and episodes of respiratory infection are followed by increased risk of cardiovascular events. Vaccination studies could provide more definitive evidence of the role in cardiovascular disease and mortality of influenza, other viruses, and common bacterial agents of respiratory infection.
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PMID:Long-term trends in cardiovascular disease mortality and association with respiratory disease. 2624 37