Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial mucosal biopsies were obtained during fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 12 patients receiving a new semisynthetic penicillin, piperacillin. The piperacillin levels estimated in bronchial mucosa exceeded those required to eradicate organisms associated with acute bronchitis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and compared favourably with those required for activity against a wide variety of anaerobic and Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sputum and serum piperacillin levels were obtained from eight patients with bronchial disease receiving a five to seven day course (8 to 16 g/day). Sputum/serum level ratios were constant for the two dosages (10.7% for 8 g/day; 14.3% for 16 g/day) suggesting a diffusion transfer process, although the presence of pus in the sputum appeared to facilitate penetration. Seven patients achieved sputum levels exceeding those required for activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus influenzae, and four for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study provides pharmacolinetic support of the use of piperacillin in bronchopulmonary infection.
Thorax 1981 Oct
PMID:Penetration of piperacillin into bronchial mucosa and sputum. 646 Mar 37

The inhibitory function of alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) has been studied in the lung secretions of 31 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The inhibitory capacity for a single sample showed a wide range (median 0.13 micrograms porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) inhibited per microgram alpha 1 antitrypsin; range 0-0.55 micrograms), and all but five of 86 samples studied were capable of inhibiting some porcine pancreatic elastase. No sample showed free elastase activity, however. The inhibitory capacity, studied in six patients over five consecutive days, varied daily within the same individual (coefficient of variation 9.0-108.9%). Corticosteroid treatment (40 mg prednisone daily) increased the inhibitory capacity of sputum alpha 1 antitrypsin in 10 patients (2p less than 0.05) from a median value of 0.13 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.06-0.36) before treatment to 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.09-0.65) after treatment. The inhibitory capacity of sputum was higher than in the corresponding bronchoalveolar lavage sample from the same patient (2p less than 0.05; n = 10). The median value for sputum was 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.55) and the value for lavage fluid was 0.07 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.27).
Thorax 1984 Jul
PMID:Inhibitory capacity of alpha 1 antitrypsin in lung secretions: variability and the effect of drugs. 661 2

We have studied arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), breathing patterns, and electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep stage during nocturnal sleep in six patients with right-to-left cardiac or intrapulmonary shunts and six patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, chosen because they were equally hypoxaemic when awake (SaO2 during wakefulness: bronchitis 74-90%, mean 83%; shunt 77-89%, mean 83%). The patients with bronchitis had far greater falls in SaO2 when asleep than those with shunts (maximum fall in SaO2 during sleep: bronchitis 14-47%, mean 29%; shunt 5-10%, mean 8%; p less than 0.01). Significant episodes of hypoxaemia (defined as SaO2 falls greater than 10%) occurred in all six bronchitic patients, from once to seven times per night, but in none of the patients with shunts (p less than 0.05). Twenty-four of the 27 episodes of hypoxaemia occurred in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and 24 were associated with hypopnoea. The two groups of patients had similar EEG sleep patterns and the same amount of hypopnoea during sleep. Thus the level of arterial oxygenation when the patient is awake is not the sole determinant of the degree of nocturnal hypoxaemia; the pathological process is also important.
Thorax 1983 May
PMID:Arterial oxygenation during sleep in patients with right-to-left cardiac or intrapulmonary shunts. 687 82

Immunoreactive leucocyte elastase was measured in the serum of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. No evidence was found to demonstrate the release of this enzyme in the pulmonary circulation. However the average serum concentrations (573 . 0 micrograms/l; SD +/- 261 . 0) were higher (2p less than 0 . 001) in this group of patients than in age matched control subjects (355 . 2 micrograms/l; SD +/- 274 . 8). Further studies confirmed this finding but patients with other active lung diseases had similarly increased leucocyte elastase concentration in the serum. This suggests that a raised serum leucocyte elastase concentration is a feature of active lung diseases and not a feature of obstructive bronchitis alone.
Thorax 1982 Feb
PMID:Serum studies of leucocyte elastase in acute and chronic lung diseases. 691 7

Corticosteroids caused a reduction in the ratio of sol-phase sputum concentration to serum concentration of albumin in 12 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, suggesting a reduction in protein transudation. Alpha-1-antitrypsin values followed the same pattern as those of albumin in both the control and treatment periods, confirming the similar behaviour of the two proteins. The alpha 1-antichymotrypsin ratios were on average three times higher than those of albumin in the control period, confirming the presence of local mechanisms in the lung for preferentially concentrating this protein. The sputum-to-serum ratio of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, however, rose during steroid treatment with the result that there was a selective increase in this protease inhibitor, which may be of potential benefit to such patients.
Thorax 1982 Sep
PMID:Effect of corticosteroids on sputum sol-phase protease inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 698 37

Mucociliary clearance was measured in four patients with chronic autonomic failure and normal ventilatory function using a method of scanning the clearance of inhaled polystyrene particles tagged with 99mTc. Previous surgical and experimental evidence has suggested that autonomic denervation might be expected to impair clearance. However, the four patients in this study showed no significant difference in clearance rate compared to groups of sex-matched control subjects. A fifth patient was found to have impaired mucociliary clearance. However she had the symptoms and ventilatory function of smoking-related chronic obstructive bronchitis, a condition which has previously been shown to impair mucociliary clearance.
Thorax 1980 Sep
PMID:Mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic autonomic failure. 744 41

Tracheobronchitis and oesophagitis due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) are rare. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula due to HSV oesophagitis has been described in the immunocompromised host. A case is reported of a broncho-oesophageal fistula which developed secondary to herpetic bronchitis in an apparently immunocompetent patient.
Thorax 1995 Aug
PMID:Herpetic bronchitis with a broncho-oesophageal fistula. 757 Apr 46

Following heart-lung transplantation two of 21 patients who survived more than 100 days developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Both presented with localised ulcerative bronchitis documented at flexible bronchoscopy four months after transplantation. Histological examination showed necrosis with acute inflammation and ulceration. Case 2 demonstrated lymphoproliferative disease from biopsies subsequently taken at rigid bronchoscopy. Case 1 later developed lung nodules and a monoclonal high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was confirmed by an open lung biopsy. The bronchoscopic features described should alert clinicians to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease as an underlying diagnosis and suggest that bronchus associated lymphoid tissue is the initial site for clonal proliferation in the disease.
Thorax 1995 Feb
PMID:Necrotic, ulcerative bronchitis, the presenting feature of lymphoproliferative disease following heart-lung transplantation. 770 65

A paradigm shift, championed largely by cellular immunologists, has redefined asthma as an immune mediated phenomenon characterised by an interleukin 5 (IL-5) driven eosinophilic bronchitis. This change in emphasis has provoked intense interest in the possibility that inhibitors of IL-5 production, or antagonists of its activity, will provide a new generation of anti-asthma drugs.
Thorax 1997 May
PMID:Anti-interleukin 5 strategies as a potential treatment for asthma. 917 43

Little is known of the inflammatory characteristics of acute infections of the respiratory tract caused by virus and unusual bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae. A case is reported in whom inflammatory indices in sputum were used to investigate, for the first time, the airway inflammation during an episode of acute bronchitis caused by C pneumoniae. The patient presented with a dry cough of five days duration. C pneumoniae was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab collected on day 5. Virological studies were negative. Clinical and inflammatory indices in induced sputum were measured on days 6, 8, and 11. The cough cleared spontaneously by day 11. Forced expiratory volume in one second was normal throughout. Sputum findings identified intense airway inflammation characterised by increased total cell and lymphocyte counts followed by an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio, activation of CD8 lymphocytes, and exudation as indicated by an increase in fluid phase fibrinogen. These observations suggest that sputum might be useful to monitor an inflammatory/immune response of the airway in acute infections.
Thorax 1997 Oct
PMID:Markers of inflammation in induced sputum in acute bronchitis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. 940 85


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