Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study of groups of patients with atopic (extrinsic) asthma, non-atopic (intrinsic) asthma, and chronic bronchitis, no difference could be detected in the numbers having precipitating antibodies against species specific antigens from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae compared to suitably matched control subjects. Precipitating antibodies against species specific antigens from Haemophilus influenzae, demonstrated in this investigation by double diffusion in agar gel, were found much more frequently in patients with chronic mucopurulent or obstructive bronchitis (50%) than in either asthmatic subjects (6%) or normal controls (6%) (P = less than 0.0005). While the precipitating antibody demonstrated in these patients against the extracts of Str. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus was in the IgG class alone, IgM and IgA antibody were detected against the species specific but not the non-species specific antigens of H. influenzae. These results underline the importance of H. influenzae as an infecting agent in chronic bronchitis and suggest that the finding of precipitins against the species specific H1 and H2 antigens of this bacterium denotes infection either concurrently or in the recent past. There is no evidence to suggest from this study that infection with Staph. aureus, Str. pneumoniae or H. influenzae is any more common in asthmatics as a group compared to controls or between patients with the non-atopic (intrinsic) and atopic (extrinsic) form of the disease.
Thorax 1976 Aug
PMID:Bacterial precipitins and their immunoglobulin class in atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma, and chronic bronchitis. 0 2

The concentrations of nine plasma proteins were determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in sputum specimens from 29 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from 24 patients with severe asthma and chronic bronchitis. The results suggested that the population of CF patients could be divided into two groups in spite of an absence of difference in clinical status between the groups. Average concentrations of seven plasma proteins in sputum of group I CF patients were identical with those in sputum of patients with bronchitis, but the average concentrations of six of these proteins in sputum from group II CF patients were higher than those in specimens from the bronchitic patients and were similar to corresponding concentrations in sputum from patients with asthma, all of whom were examined while in status asthmaticus. The average concentrations of 14 secretory proteins were the same in all sputum specimens whether or not they were produced by patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma or bronchitis. It was concluded that the concentrations in the bronchopulmonary secretions of proteins associated with host defence were not diminished in patients with cystic fibrosis, and failure to produce adequate concentrations of proteins with antimicrobial activity was unlikely to be responsible for the above average susceptibility to chest infection in cystic fibrosis. It is suggested that there exists a group of CF patients in whom a pulmonary allergic reaction generates an inflammatory response as severe as that characterizing status asthmaticus and that this response could be detrimental.
Thorax 1975 Feb
PMID:Soluble proteins of bronchopulmonary secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchitis. 4 56

A clinicopathological study of 21 patients who died as a result of chronic airways obstruction was carried out. Thirteen patients had been in right ventricular failure for at least one year before death and the other eight patients did not have right ventricular failure. The patients with long-standing right ventricular failure died at a younger age, on average, than those without failure. There were no significant quantitative differences between the two groups in the length of history of chest disease, blood gas estimations, respiratory function tests or degree of polycythaemia. The group with right ventricular failure had significantly larger mean right and left ventricular weights than the group without failure, but there were no significant differences in amounts of emphysema, size of bronchial mucous glands, proportion of small airways lumen in the lung or number of thick-walled peripheral lung vessels between the two groups. The findings did not support the division of this series of patients, with fatal chronic airways obstruction, into two distinct groups broadly defined as 'emphysematous' and 'bronchitic', either clinically or pathologically. A history of right ventricular failure correlated well with the finding of right ventricular hypertrophy at necropsy. Electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy was found to correspond with the size of the right ventricle at necropsy in 66% of cases. The radiographic diagnosis of emphysema proved an accurate assessment when compared to the necropsy findings, and radiographic estimations of right ventricular enlargement were accurate in 65% of cases. Histological evidence of acute bronchitis was present in 20 of the 21 patients (95%), and five patients showed histological evidence of minor pulmonary thromboembolism. Ten patients in the series showed an increase in the weight of the left ventricular as well as the right ventricle.
Thorax 1976 Dec
PMID:A clinicopathological study of fatal chronic airways obstruction. 13 10

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to 6 cm and the right stem bronchus for 1 cm. Under extracorporeal circulation 7.5 cm of the trachea and right bronchus were resected. A direct tracheal anastomosis was easy to perform. Spontaneous respiration with efficient coughing returned after five days. Unfortunately, one month later, high fever caused by a lung abscess developed, which provoked a massive haemoptysis with fatal outcome.
Thorax 1979 Aug
PMID:Surgical treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left main bronchus and trachea by left pneumonectomy, resection of 7.5 cm of trachea, and direct reanastomosis of right lung. 22 43

The effect of low frequency breathing compared with spontaneous breathing was examined at rest and during exercise (40 watts) in 12 patients suffering from severe chronic obstructive bronchitis. At rest low frequency breathing improved significantly the alveolar ventilation and the tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. There was no significant change in ventilation minute volume. During exercise low frequency breathing significantly decreased ventilation minute volume, and there was no significant improvement in gas exchange. The decrease in ventilation during low frequency breathing at 40 watts compared with spontaneous breathing at the same lung volume was due to expiratory flow limitation. The findings suggest that this technique may impair exercise tolerance in patients with severe chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Thorax 1979 Aug
PMID:Low frequency breathing at rest and during exercise in severe chronic obstructive bronchitis. 50 52

We have studied the sputum/serum protein concentration ratios from 23 patients with bronchitis both in the stable clinical state and during acute chest infections. During the stable state there was a significant negative correlation (2 P less than 0.005) between the ratio and protein size. The ratios of IgG, IgA, C3, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were significantly displaced from this relation suggesting local production in the lung. IgM was found in all samples and alpha 2-macroglobulin in 55% of non-infected samples which may be the result of local production rather than transudation from serum, because of their larger size. During acute chest infections the albumin content of sputum rose from a mean sputum/serum ratio of 0.83 (SE +/- 0.08) X 10(-2) to 13.77 (SE +/- 3.21 X 10(-2) suggesting increased transudation from the blood. In the presence of increased transudation, local production of protein appears to be less significant.
Thorax 1979 Dec
PMID:A study of plasma proteins in the sol phase of sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis. 54 18

A tracheal tumour was discovered by radiology in a 36-year-old man with haemoptysis, bronchitis, and dyspnoea. The tumour was situated 5 cm below the vocal cords. A frozen section of a bronchoscopic biopsy specimen confirmed it to be a neurofibroma. Resection was performed endoscopically.
Thorax 1978 Feb
PMID:Neurofibroma of the trachea: a case report. 64 33

The mucolytic efficacy of S-carboxymethylcysteine has been assessed in a double-blind crossover trial in 16 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. No significant difference was found between drug and placebo after four or seven days' treatment in the rate of clearance of secretions from the lung. This was measured by external counting of previously inhaled polystyrene tracer particles tagged with technetium-99m (99mTc). Lateral scans across the right chest after inhaling the aerosol showed equal penetration of particles towards the periphery of the lung in drug and placebo runs; this indicated that the airways had not been cleared of mucus by the drug. There was no significant difference between drug and placebo runs in the number of coughs or the weight and radioactive content of sputum voided or raised at the end of the run by chest percussion and postural drainage. Ventilatory capacity was not significantly changed nor was there any subjective improvement in the patients as a result of taking the drug.
Thorax 1975 Dec
PMID:No demonstrable effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine on clearance of secretions from the human lung. 76 42

An increasing work rate was performed by 40 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, split into two groups according to FEV1 (group M, mean FEV1 1-451. and group S, mean FEV1 0-621.), and by 20 normal, non-athletic men of similar age to the patients. Values for cardiac frequency and ventilation were interpolated to standard oxygen uptakes of 0-75, 1-0, and, where possible, 1-5 min-1. The tidal volume at a ventilation of 20 and 30 1 min-1 was also determined. The cardiac frequencies at oxygen uptake of 0-75 and 1-01 min-1 were significantly higher in the patient groups than in the normal men, and were highest in patient group S. The cardiac output when related to the oxygen uptake was in the normal range in all three groups of subjects, so that the patients had smaller stroke volumes than the normal men. Ventilation at oxygen uptakes of 0-75 and 1-01 min-1 was significantly higher in both patient groups than in the normal subjects; there were no significant differences between the two patient groups, Values for dead space/tidal volume ration, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and the percent venous admixture measured during a constant work rate test were significantly greater than normal in the patient groups. Possible factors limiting exercise tolerance in these patients were assessed by extending the increasing work rate test from submaximum to maximum exercise. Changes in blood gas tensions and blood lactate concentrations from resting levels were small, and probably did not limit exercise performance. Measurements at maximum exercise did not add appreciably to the analysis of the disturbed cardiopulmonary function. This study has shown that major disturbances in cardiopulmonary function can be demonstrated without the need for stressing a patient to the limit of his effort tolerance.
Thorax 1975 Aug
PMID:An analysis of the physiological strain of submaximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. 117 25

Pulmonary function was measured before and after lung resection (pneumonectomy or lobectomy) in 58 patients with bronchial carcinoma, 33 of whom also had chronic obstructive bronchitis. Lung resection was well tolerated and caused no greater impairment of lung function postoperatively in the bronchitics than in those without bronchitis.
Thorax 1975 Oct
PMID:Effect of lung resection for bronchial carcinoma on pulmonary function in patients with and without chronic obstructive bronchitis. 119 98


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