Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904, a newly developed penicillin with a broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. (1) The serum levels of PC-904 after 1.5 hours drip infusion reached the peak at 1 hour or at the end of the infusion and the detectable levels of PC-904 were maintained up to 2 or 3 hours after the end of the infusion. (2) The urinary excretion rates up to 6 hours after the onset of the infusion were 19.2 approximately 25.5%. (3) Forty-one patients were treated with PC-904 and the majority of the diseases were acute respiratory infections. The treatment by the drip infusion of 50 approximately 100 mg/kg/day resulted in good responses to whooping cough, and lacunar tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and staphylococcal scald skin syndrome resistant to the treatment by ampicillin and cephalexin. The satisfactory results were also obtained by the treatment of almost the same dosage in the patients with acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and measles pneumonia. (4) Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum culture of the patients with bronchopneumonia and they responded well to the treatment with PC-904. (5) The drip infusion of 60 approximately 70 mg/kg/day for 5 approximately 6 days was shown to be useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection of which the causative organism was E. coli. (6) No side effects were observed except rubella-like eruption in one case. (7) Clinical evaluation was examined in all cases except one patient of which the medication was withdrawn due to eruption, and the overall clinical efficacy was excellent or good in all of 40 cases.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatrics on PC-904, a penicillin with broad spectrum newly developed in Japan (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 61

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.
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PMID:Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies. 83 23

This report describes an outbreak of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia among young dogs in a breeding kennel following the introduction of two pups from another area. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated in heavy culture from affected animals which responded well to antibacterial therapy. There was no evidence of distemper virus involvement. Important bacteriological properties of Bord. bronchiseptica are discussed particularly as they relate to its known pathogenicity in the young of several species of animal. During the outbreak reported, it was noted that only young pups were clinically affected and it is suggested that Bord. bronchiseptica may be pathogenic in a certain age-group within the canine population. This seems to require further investigation.
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PMID:The isolation of Bordetella bronchiseptic from an outbreak of canine pneumonia. 93 57

A survey was conducted to characterize domestic and exotic bird populations, estimate seroprevalence to selected disease agents, and describe health management practices on 62 premises containing "backyard" flocks located within one mile of 22 commercial California meat-turkey flocks participating in National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). Chickens were present on 56 backyard premises and turkeys on seven. Antibodies were identified against Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, Salmonella pullorum, Newcastle disease virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, Bordetella avium, hemorrhagic enteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious bursal disease virus in 367 blood samples from 32 backyard premises. Twenty-two owners of backyard premises said they restricted visitor contact with their birds, and two required visitors to wear rubber boots and use boot disinfectant. Owners of seven premises used biologics and/or pharmaceutics for disease prevention. One family member worked on a commercial turkey ranch, but no other contact between owners, relatives, or employees and commercial poultry was reported.
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PMID:Health survey of backyard poultry and other avian species located within one mile of commercial California meat-turkey flocks. 185 24

Whooping cough is endemic throughout the world. It becomes epidemic every 4-5 years (Yugoslavia 3-4 yrs). In Europe its incidence ranges from 0.4 (Hungary) to even 59/100.000 inhabitants (Rumania; Yugoslavia 28), with a general letality of 0.1% (infants: 1%; 75% children who die are younger than one yr). Only 5-10% cases are supposed to be registered. A low socioeconomic status is more and more emphasized as the principal risk factor. Its transmission rate is high (home contacts: 80-100%); infectivity lasts five weeks, disease from the beginning of incubation to the sanation lasts 50-60 days. Female children are more frequently affected. The term "Pertussis syndrome" is more end more used because a similar disease can be caused by various agents (B. pertussis; B. parapertussis: 5%-20%-30% cases; B. bronchiseptica rarely; adenoviruses, RS virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza A and B virus, HSV, CMV, EBV, entero-, adeno-, corona-, rota-viruses; chlamydiae and mycoplasmae). Prior to introducing vaccination, 95% of population have had a typical or atypical form of pertussis. Its differential diagnosis includes pneumonias of various etiology, bronchitis, bronchiolitis during an acute respiratory infection, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis and lymphadenopathy. Morbidity in USA was reduced by vaccination from 157 to 0,5-1,5/100,000 inhabitants; in SR Croatia it was six times reduced in period 1959-1970. According to the official sources 81% of children in Croatia and Yugoslavia get primovaccinated; the 80% level is generally accepted as a rational goal. Immunization schedules differ from country to country. Local and general reactions after combined vaccines are mostly caused by pertussis component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Review of the present status of prevention, prophylaxis and therapy of pertussis and parapertussis]. 229 2

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TE-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure. In the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on TE-031 in the field of pediatrics. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The antibacterial activity of TE-031 was investigated against 16 clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Campylobacter jejuni. TE-031 showed antibacterial activity comparable to erythromycin. The pattern of changes in TE-031 concentrations in the blood after administration was investigated. In subjects administered the granular preparation of TE-031, Cmax values were 0.64 micrograms/ml in 1 subject given a 5 mg/kg dosage, and 5.94 and 9.02 micrograms/ml in 2 subjects administered with 10 mg/kg. The tablet form of TE-031 was administered to 3 subjects at 5 mg/kg, and Cmax values were 2.09-3.92 micrograms/ml, while T 1/2 values were in a range of 2.9-3.8 hours. When drug concentrations in the urine were investigated, it was found that 6-hour recovery rates were 9.9% (dose: 5 mg/kg) and 53.4% (dose: 10 mg/kg) in the subjects administered the granular form, whereas recovery rates averaged 36.8% in the tablet-administered subjects. In the clinical trial, TE-031 was administered in 2-3 doses/day for 2-18 days. In cases given the granular form, dosages were 12-38 mg/kg/day, while tablets were administered at 12-29 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.8%, i.e., the drug was effective in 64 of 69 patients. TE-031 was ineffective in 1 case of otitis media, but efficacious in 10 of 10 (100%) cases of upper respiratory infection, 15 of 18 (83.3%) cases of bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 of 6 (83.3%) cases of pertussis, 13 of 13 (100%) cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 4 of 4 (100%) cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 16 of 16 (100%) cases of gastroenteritis (including 15 cases of Campylobacter gastroenteritis), and 1 (100%) case of impetigo. In bacteriological studies conducted on the patients, the overall elimination rate was 93.1%, i.e., bacterial elimination was obtained in 27 of 29 cases. TE-031 showed especially good bacteriological efficacy (100%) against C. jejuni and B. pertussis, which were eliminated from all of 15 and 2 cases examined, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in pediatrics]. 252 42

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268). The results are summarized as follows. Serum and urinary concentrations of TE-031 were determined in 5 children with ages between 6 and 11 years given single oral doses of 5, 6.7, 10 and 15 mg/kg. Serum concentrations peaked at 1 hour after administration of 5, 6.7 and 15 mg/kg, and respective peak values were 1.98 micrograms/ml, 2.21 micrograms/ml and 5.58 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives for the drug at 5, 6.7 and 15 mg/kg dose were 2.99 hours, 2.08 hours and 2.09 hours, respectively. Mean serum concentrations peaked at 2 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, and peak values were 3.91 +/- 1.64 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives were 3.00 +/- 0.58 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery rates ranged from 22.7% to 23.8% after administration of 10 mg/kg, and the 6-hour urinary recoveries were 30.1%, 20.5% and 39.1% after administration of 5 mg/kg, 6.7 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively. Therapeutic responses were recorded as excellent or good in 35(89.7%) of the children, comprising 5 with tonsillitis, 3 with pharyngitis, 7 with bronchitis, 5 with pneumonia, 15 with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 1 with whooping cough and 3 with Campylobacter enteritis. The microbiological effectiveness of TE-031 on identified pathogens comprising 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 5 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 2 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Campylobacter spp. was satisfactory as evidenced by an eradication rate of 82.4%. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases. In conclusion, TE-031 was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of clarithromycin in pediatric fields]. 252 48

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime (CMX) were performed in infants given by the drug intravenous drip infusion or one shot intravenous injection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Serum concentrations of CMX in infants given CMX at 10 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion peaked at 12.0 to 26.5 micrograms/ml at the termination of the administration, and the levels were 8.62 to 26.3 micrograms/ml in 1 hour after dosing. Half-lives were 2.9 to 3.8 hours. 2. Serum concentrations of CMX in infants given the drug at 20 mg/kg by the same manner for 30 minutes to 1 hour peaked at 40.8 to 74.3 micrograms/ml at the termination of the administration, and drug levels decreased to 17.6 to 45.4 micrograms/ml in 1 hour after dosing. Half-lives were 0.8 to 2.7 hours. Those of CMX in infants given the same dose by one shot intravenous injection peaked at 61.7 to 90.6 micrograms/ml immediately after dosing, and decreased to 22.3 to 48.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour. Half-lives were 1.2 to 2.7 hours. 3. As described above, dose-response was observed between the doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. 4. Urinary recovery rates were 2.6 to 47.7% during the first 6-8 hours in most of 1 to 2 day-old infants, and 17.6 to 72.4% in most of 5 day-old or older ones. 5. Twelve infants with various bacterial infections were given CMX by intravenous injection or drip infusion. Clinical efficacies of CMX were excellent or good in all the 9 infants with pneumonia, septicemia, amniotic fluid-aspiration syndrome or intra-placental infection etc., while 3 cases were excluded: 1 each with congenital syphilis (0 day old), acute bronchitis (56 days old) and whooping cough (54 days old). 6. Dosages of CMX used in the present study were 33 to 79 mg/kg/day, and durations of treatment ranged from 4 to 13 days. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. Moreover, neither systemic nor local adverse effects attributable to CMX were encountered in any of the infants.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in newborn infants]. 261 18

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) is a new oral cephem derivative drug in which carboxylic acid was esterified to the 4-position of CPDX (oxime type cephem antibiotic). CPDX-PR is hydrolyzed mainly with esterase in intestinal wall and CPDX exists as an active form in body fluid. While there are numerous study reports using CPDX-PR in tablet forms in Japan, the dry syrup formula for pediatric use was newly developed. The dry syrup of CPDX-PR was orally administered 20 minutes after meal to the 6 boys of ages from 8 years and 1 month to 10 years and 10 months, with doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 cases each. Serum concentrations and urinary concentrations and recovery rate of the drug were investigated. In addition to the above, the clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 105 cases consisting of children with ages ranging from 2 months to 11 years and 8 months, upon administering an average dose of 3.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times per day (96 cases of 3 times and 9 cases of 4 times). The 105 cases included 13 cases of pharyngitis, 21 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pleurisy, 13 cases of scarlet fever, 41 cases of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of posthitis and 3 cases of bacillary dysentery. Drug sensitivity test was performed for the following strains: (i) Strains retained by our department; 52 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 11 strains of Bordetella pertussis, and (ii) strains isolated from cases to which CPDX-PR was administered; 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 8 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Drug sensitivities of the strains retained by our department were tested with the inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cfu/ml for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), amoxicillin (AMPC), and methicillin (DMPPC), and those against strains separated from the cases to which CPDX-PR was administered were tested with the same inoculum sizes for R-3746, CCL, CEX, cefadroxil, ampicillin (ABPC), DMPPC and cloxacillin (MCIPC). Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 268 64

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of cefteram (CFTM) in which aminothiazol was also introduced into the 7 position of cephem nucleus, is a new oral cephem antibiotic. CFTM-PI was absorbed through the intestines and hydrolyzed to CFTM by esterases in the intestinal wall and existed in the body fluids as CFTM. A tablet form of this drug has been released in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. We have determined MICs of 5 drugs (CFTM, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), erythromycin (EM], against stock strains and MICs of 6 drugs (CFTM, CEX, CCL, ABPC, methicillin, cloxacillin) against fresh strains from patients received to CFTM-PI, with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. A total of 149 strains included Gram-positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (11), Streptococcus pyogenes (85), Streptococcus agalactiae (16) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), and Gram-negative rods i.e. Haemophilus influenzae (11), Bordetella pertussis (11), Escherichia coli (9), Proteus mirabilis (1) and Morganella morganii (1). The granular form of CFTM-PI was administered to 9 boys (age: 8 years 3 months approximately 10 years 10 months) to determine serum and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery rates using bioassay. Doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg were given orally 30 minutes after meal to 3 boys, respectively. Urinary concentrations and its urinary recovery rates of T-2525A, a main metabolite of CFTM, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 3.3 mg/kg divided 3-4 times a day (3 times: 133 cases, 4 times: 9 cases) was administered for 8 days on the average to a total of 142 cases with pharyngitis (22), tonsillitis (12), acute bronchitis (3), pneumonia (11), pleurisy (1), scarlet fever (28), acute purulent otitis media (16), impetigo (13), abscess (2), purulent lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (33). Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. With regard to Gram-positive cocci, MICs of CFTM against 11 fresh strains of S. aureus ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml except for 1 strain, thus CFTM was equally effective to CEX, but less active than the other drugs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil granule in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 62


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