Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI). A clinical evaluation of IPM/CS was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with RTI with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. Causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, Branhamella catarrhalis 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 2 strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae 4 strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 strains, Pseudomonas sp. 1 strain, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 1 strain, Acinetobacter sp. 1 strain and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rod 1 strain. An eradication rate of 70.6% was obtained. An overall eradication rate of main causative organisms in RTI including S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae was 75.0%. Clinical adverse effects were observed in 5 patients, and these were eruption in 2, itching in 1, vomiting in 1 and drug fever in 1. Abnormalities in laboratory test results were observed in 8 patients. These disappeared or returned to normal values after completion or discontinuation of IPM/CS administration. IPM/CS appears to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of RTI, especially severe infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 234 50

Children who have been sexually abused develop a variety of emotional and physical complaints, often unrelated to the genital area. Emergency department records of children diagnosed as being sexually abused were reviewed for the period covering January 1984 through June 1985. Of 26,000 patients seen, 300 cases of sexual abuse were identified. Of these, 57 were patients who presented with initial complaints other than sexual abuse. The data were analyzed for age, sex, chief complaint, time of presentation, physical findings, and person accompanying the child. The most common presenting complaints of these 57 patients were abdominal pain (26%) and vaginal symptoms (26%) The latter included pruritus, discharge, and bleeding. Other complaints included rectal bleeding or constipation (9%), chronic urinary tract infection (5%), straddle injury (4%), and suicide attempt (2%). The remaining 26% included fever, respiratory infections, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, obesity, mastoiditis, and weight loss. Because resident physicians are instructed to conduct complete anal and genital examinations on all patients, sexual misuse was often diagnosed with seemingly unrelated complaints. A protocol developed for use in the emergency department is described.
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PMID:Presentation and evaluation of sexual misuse in the emergency department. 378 20

T-2588 was used on 55 patients with respiratory tract infections and 44 cases were evaluated; 23 patients with pneumonia, 12 patients with acute bronchitis, 2 patients with chronic bronchitis, 1 patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 6 patients with bronchiectasis with infection. Clinical effects of T-2588 were as follows; excellent in 6 and good in 28 patients. The efficacy rate was 77.3% (34/44). Bacteriological effects of T-2588 were prominent in 8 patients infected with B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and E. coli, but not in a patient infected with P. putida. The elimination rate was 90.0% (9/10 strains). As side effects, stomatitis, anorexia, diarrhea X vomiting and pruritus were observed in one patient each. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 4 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. These side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were not serious. The usefulness of T-2588 was 68.2% (30/44). Therefore, T-2588 is a useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of T-2588 in the treatment of respiratory tract infection]. 382 May 69

Cefotaxime (CTX) was used for 129 cases in respiratory tract and other infections; 57 cases of pneumonia, 20 cases of bronchopneumonia, 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of chronic bronchitis, 7 cases of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia or pulmonary emphysema, 4 cases of suppurative diseases of the lung, 1 case of pyothorax, 1 case of retropharyngeal abscess, 3 cases of pleurisy and 1 case of urinary tract infection. (A case was excepted on clinical evaluation.) CTX was administered by intravenous injection or drip infusion at a daily dose ranging from 0.5 to 8 g, for a term of 2 to 61 days. The total dose patients received ranged from 3 to 226 g. The results obtained were as follows. Clinical effects; excellent in 45 cases, good in 63 cases, fair in 9 cases, poor in 7 cases and unevaluable in 4 cases. The efficacy rate was 87.1% (108/124). Bacteriological effects; eliminated in 30 cases, decreased in 8 cases, unchanged in 2 cases and replaced in 1 case. The elimination rate was 75.6% (31/41). Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings; general itching, fatigue in lower extremities and albuminuria in 1 case each, and anemia in 2 cases. Increased number of eosinophiles and elevated GOT in 1 case each, elevated GOT and GPT in 3 cases and elevated GOT, GPT and A1-P in 2 cases. These symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings disappeared after the discontinuation or termination of CTX therapy. In view of the above, CTX may be considered to be a clinically useful antibiotic against respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotaxime in internal medicine]. 631 10

541 workers with long-term history of occupational contact with antibiotics and chemicals were examined by a dermatologist, ENT specialist, neuropathologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist. Many workers complained of occasional skin eruption, rhinitis, skin itching, sneezing, cough, Quincke's edema. Allergic examination revealed the presence of allergic symptoms (allergic dermatitis, itch, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic eczema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, Quincke's edema, acute and chronic conjunctivitis) in 98 examinees. Somatic affections are represented by hypertension, chronic hepatitis, ulcer.
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PMID:[The effect of antibiotics on the body of those working in their manufacture]. 877

One hundred and twenty five children (median age 8.71 years) suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis were treated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study comparing azelastine nasal spray 0.14 mg/nostril twice daily (0.56 mg/day) and placebo nasal spray. Medication was given for a period of 6 weeks which followed a 2 week placebo washout period in all patients. Subjects were aged between 5 and 12 and were skin prick positive to either house dust mites and/or cat or dog dander. Concomitant anti allergic treatment was not permitted during the study. Severity of rhinitis symptoms was scored daily by the child or his/her parents on a diary card using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for each evaluated symptom: 0, absent-100, could not be worse. Mean weekly scores were calculated. Symptoms evaluated were: sneezing, nasal blockage, nasal itch and rhinorrhea. In addition, at each clinic visit the investigator evaluated symptoms using a verbal score of 0, no symptom-3, severe. Compared to the baseline, for each of the six study weeks, the reduction in the VAS scores for all four symptoms was statistically greater for the azelastine group compared to the placebo group. The investigator's assessment at clinic visits bore out these results. Both azelastine nasal spray and placebo were well tolerated, no serious adverse events were reported. During the treatment phase of the study a total of 36 adverse events were reported by 25 patients (azelastine 10, placebo 15). The most frequently occurring events were pharyngitis (azelastine 5, placebo 3), cough (azelastine 3, placebo 1) and bronchitis (azelastine 1, placebo 3). In conclusion, azelastine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of perennial rhinitis in children aged 5-12 years and to be superior to placebo in the relief of all symptoms assessed, namely sneezing, nasal blockage, nasal itch and rhinorrhea.
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PMID:A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study of azelastine nasal spray in children with perennial rhinitis. 905 34

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dermo-respiratory symptoms from lung-function spirometer values and serum IgE levels in farmers who have been exposed to pesticides in the United Arab Emirates (E.A.U.). The study was a comparison of 98 farmers with 98 non-farmers, the two groups were equivalent in age, sex and selected regions--the town of Al-Ain and in the Emirates of Dubai, Sharjah and Fujairah. Most of the farmers were illiterate or poorly educated (p < 0.0001). Most lived in prefabricated houses (50.5%). Use of chemical substances (70.9%) and a mixture of pesticides by the farmers (60.2%) was very high. The results revealed that the farmers had a very high prevalence of chronic dermo-respiratory symptoms. These differences are statistically significant when compared with the reference group, particularly for the following symptoms: cough (p < 0.003), pharyngitis (p < 0.0003), bronchitis (p < 0.02), asthma (p < 0.008), respiratory insufficiency (p < 0.006), pneumonia (p < 0.003), dyspnea (p < 0.006), nasal catarrh (p < 0.001), sinusitis (p < 0.05), pharyngeal irritation (p < 0.01), nasal irritation (dryness, sneezing and secretions) (p < 0.005), ocular irritation (p < 0.05), cutaneous pruritus (p < 0.002), and contact dermatitis (p < 0.02). The spirometer tests (all parameters together) measured in the farmers were significantly reduced by comparison with the reference group. In conclusion, the authors suggest that a high prevalence of dermo-respiratory symptoms, supported by reduced spirometer tests and high serum IgE, is associated with exposure to pesticides. These results are clearly useful for establishment of work-related reduced exposure in the future.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms, skin disorders and serum IgE levels in farm workers. 1021 28

Distressing persistent dry cough is commonly the consequence of sensitization of the cough reflex. A slight and transient peripheral nociceptive impulse, such as bronchitis, may be perpetuated for weeks because of sensitization of the cough reflex. Cough usually can be inhibited by opioids, but some types of cough can be out of opioid control or even be induced by opioids. We describe here a series of 5 patients with dry cough that did not respond to codeine. Because two of these patients also suffered with pruritus, paroxetine was tried. In all patients, cough ceased within hours to days. The only observed adverse effect was sleepiness in the first days of therapy. Paroxetine should be investigated as antitussive in cases of opioid-resistant cough. The putative mechanism of action of paroxetine on pruritus and rough is discussed.
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PMID:What has dry cough in common with pruritus? Treatment of dry cough with paroxetine. 1515 42

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) is a unique spice having morphological resemblance with ginger but imparts a raw mango flavour. The main use of mango ginger rhizome is in the manufacture of pickles and culinary preparations. Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems have given much importance to mango ginger as an appetizer, alexteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, emollient, expectorant and laxative and to cure biliousness, itching, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma, hiccough and inflammation due to injuries. The biological activities of mango ginger include antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity, platelet aggregation inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, antiallergic activity, hypotriglyceridemic activity, brine-shrimp lethal activity, enterokinase inhibitory activity, CNS depressant and analgesic activity. The major chemical components include starch, phenolic acids, volatile oils, curcuminoids and terpenoids like difurocumenonol, amadannulen and amadaldehyde. This article brings to light the major active components present in C. amada along with their biological activities that may be important from the pharmacological point of view.
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PMID:Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)--a promising spice for phytochemicals and biological activities. 2185 21

Sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide; SM) is a potent vesicating chemical warfare agent that poses a continuing threat to both military and civilian populations. Significant SM injuries can take several months to heal, necessitate lengthy hospitalizations, and result in long-term complications affecting the skin, eyes, and lungs. This report summarizes initial and ongoing (chronic) clinical findings from SM casualties from the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), with an emphasis on cutaneous injury. In addition, we describe the cutaneous manifestations and treatment of several men recently and accidentally exposed to SM in the United States. Common, chronic cutaneous problems being reported in the Iranian casualties include pruritis (the primary complaint), burning, pain, redness, desquamation, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, erythematous papular rash, xerosis, multiple cherry angiomas, atrophy, dermal scarring, hypertrophy, and sensitivity to mechanical injury with recurrent blistering and ulceration. Chronic ocular problems include keratitis, photophobia, persistent tearing, sensation of foreign body, corneal thinning and ulceration, vasculitis of the cornea and conjunctiva, and limbal stem cell deficiency. Chronic pulmonary problems include decreases in lung function, bronchitis with hyper-reactive airways, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, stenosis of the trachea and other large airways, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, decreased total lung capacity, and increased incidences of lung cancer, pulmonary infections, and tuberculosis. There are currently no standardized or optimized methods of casualty management; current treatment strategy consists of symptomatic management and is designed to relieve symptoms, prevent infections, and promote healing. New strategies are needed to provide for optimal and rapid healing, with the goals of (a) returning damaged tissue to optimal appearance and normal function in the shortest period of time, and (b) ameliorating chronic effects. Further experimental research and clinical trials will be needed to prevent or mitigate the acute clinical effects of SM exposure and to reduce or eliminate the long-term manifestations.
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PMID:Historical perspective on effects and treatment of sulfur mustard injuries. 2381 2


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