Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Cefuroxime (CXM) was studied for absorption and excretion in 4 pediatric patients given one shot intravenous injection of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg. The following serum levels were determined: 24.5 approximately 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes (mean 33.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml), 10.0 approximately 17.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hours (mean 13.9 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml), 3.4 approximately 7.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours (mean 5.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml, 0.7 approximately 2.1 micrograms/ml at 4 hours (mean 1.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml, 0.1 approximately 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours (mean 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram microgram/ml). Half-life (T 1/2) was 0.65 approximately 0.88 hour (mean 0.75 +/- 0.10 hour). Urinary levels were 1,280 approximately 7,100 micrograms/ml at 0 approximately 2 hours, 96 approximately 3,400 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours, 68 approximately 250 micrograms/ml at 4 approximately 6 hours. Urinary recovery rate at 0 approximately 6 hours was 54.1 approximately 74.4% (mean 61.8 +/- 9.4%). 2. From the study on spinal fluid concentration in pediatric patients with Haemophilus influenzae-induced meningitis, the dose of CXM 52.2 mg/kg was given to 1 pediatric case with this disease by one shot intravenous injection. Spinal fluid levels were presumed as 9.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 6.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. 3. CXM was studied in 19 pediatric patients with bacterial infection for clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and side effect. Clinical result was found good in 1 with purulent meningitis; excellent in 9 out of 15 with acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, and good in remaining 6 cases; good in 2 with acute bronchitis; excellent in 1 with acute pyelonephritis. This represents efficacy ("excellent" plus "good") rate of 100%. Of 5 strains of H. influenzae presumed as causative organisms, 4 were disappeared and 1 was reduced. Two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1 strain of Escherichia coli were disappeared. No side effect was noted in terms of clinical symptom. Laboratory examination showed elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case, but these elevated values returned to normal after the end of the CXM treatment.
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PMID:[Study of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 51 99

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.
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PMID:Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies. 83 23

A study was carried out to determine whether the preexisting decline in mortality rates from infectious diseases accelerated after the introduction of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Linear regression curves showed that in Sweden mortality rates declined faster in septicemia, syphilis, and non-memingococcal meningitis after the introduction of these drugs. By contrast, for the ten other infectious diseases studied, (scarlet fever, erysipelas, acute rheumatic fever, puerperal sepsis, meningococcal infection, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and acute gastroenteritis) no such accelerated decline in mortality could be detected. The findings suggest that antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs have not had the dramatic effect of the mortality of infectious diseases popularly attributed to them.
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PMID:The effect of antibiotics on mortality from infectious diseases in Sweden and Finland. 100 14

Studies were carried out on the clinical efficacy of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) against bacterial infections. The results are summarized as follows: 1. PAPM/BP were administered to total 21 patients (7 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of bronchitis, 3 cases of cellulitis, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis, 2 cases of otitis media, 1 case of purulent parotitis, 1 case of sinusitis, 1 case of mastoiditis, 2 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case of purulent meningitis) by drip intravenous injection. 2. Clinical responses of PAPM/BP were excellent in 12 cases, good in 7, poor in 1 and unknown in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 95.0%. 3. Concentration of PAPM in cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour drip intravenous administration in 1 case of purulent meningitis were 6.84 micrograms/ml at the acute stage and 3.28 micrograms/ml at the recovering stage. 4. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case of increase of thrombocytosis out of 19 cases. 5. From the results, PAPM/BP was determined to be an efficacious and safe drug for the therapy of pediatric infection.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 25

The clinical profile of 150 hospital based cases (6 months-7 yrs) of measles presenting between May 1986 to May 1987 was analyzed. Nearly a quarter (28%) were less than 1 yr; 60% belonged to 1-3 yrs age group, 8.6% were 3-5 yrs old and 2.6% were in the 5-7 yrs age group. The male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Nearly half (53.3%) were well nourished, 36.6% had Grades I-II PEM and 9.9% had Grades III-IV PEM. About half (47%) showed no complications; 53% had some complications of which 15% had more than one system involvement. Respiratory complications were seen in 50%, nutritional deterioration in 17.3%, gastrointestinal and neurological in 14.6% each and cardiac in 1.3%. The respiratory complications included pneumonia (16%), bronchitis (12.6%), activation of TB (10.66%), otitis (7.3%) and miliary tuberculosis (4%). CNS complications were encephalitis in 8%, meningitis in 3.3%, convulsions -2.6% and limb paresis in 0.6%. Children below 1 yr had a greater incidence of complications and multisystem involvement. Children between 3-5 yrs had respiratory and GI system involvement and children greater than 5 yrs showed respiratory system involvement only. No complications were seen in the well nourished group while early grades of PEM had mild complications. Severe degree of malnutrition had higher incidence and severity of complications. The need for large coverage of measles vaccine in our country especially amongst the malnourished group is obvious.
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PMID:Clinical profile of measles--a prospective study of 150 hospital based children. 160 95

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 182 75

Cefpirome (HR 810, CPR), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its experimental and clinical studies in pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma and urinary levels of CPR were determined in 2 children (age 5 and 7 years) after the one shot intravenous injection of the drug at 20 mg/kg. Average plasma levels of the drug were 44.7 micrograms/ml, 28.5 micrograms/ml, 10.5 micrograms/ml, 4.6 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours, respectively, and the average half life was 1.57 hours. Average urinary levels of the drug were 1,785 micrograms/ml, 545 micrograms/ml and 198 micrograms/ml at 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-6 hours, respectively and the average urinary elimination rate was 52.0%. The results were nearly equivalent to those in adults except for urinary elimination rate which tended to be slightly lower than that in adults. 2. Cerebrospinal fluid levels in 3 cases of purulent meningitis treated with CPR were investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid levels in a case of Neisseria meningitidis were 11.5-23.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.94 microgram/ml at 5 hours after intravenous injection of 44.4 mg/kg, 4 times a day. Cerebrospinal fluid levels in a case of Streptococcus pneumoniae were 1.01-4.23 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 49.0 mg/kg, 6 times a day, and in the other case with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the levels were 16.8-37.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 11.3 and 3.60 micrograms/ml at 3 and 4 hours after intravenous injection 52.2 mg/kg, 6 times a day. These results are not inferior to those with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. These levels appear to be higher than MIC90 values against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae which are the major pathogens of these diseases. 3. CPR was given to 62 patients and clinical efficacy, bacteriological response and adverse reactions were evaluated. Evaluated cases for clinical efficacy included 3 cases of purulent meningitis, 1 case of acute purulent otitis media, 2 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 case of acute bronchitis, 49 cases of acute pneumoniae, 1 case of scarlet fever, 1 case of acute osteomyelitis, 1 case of acute enterocolitis, and 2 cases of acute UTI, totalling 61 cases. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 38 cases, good in 22 cases and fair in 1 case with an efficacy rete of 98.4% (excellent + good).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 1

Four neonates and young infants were treated with cefsulodin (CFS) at doses ranging from 20-25 mg/kg every 6 hours for 6.25 to 17 days, and clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Among the 4 infants with bacterial infections including meningitis, bronchitis and pneumonia, the results were good in 2 patients with meningitis, but unknown in 2 patients because of additional use of gentamicin. One of the 4 patients had eosinophilia. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of CFS against 4 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 1.56 against one and 12.5 micrograms/ml against other 3 strains with an inoculum size of 10(3) CFU. Serum concentrations of CFS were measured in one- and four-month-old infants upon 25.3 and 20.9 mg/kg bolus intravenous injection of the antibiotic, respectively. The values were 36.4 and 33.4 at 30 minutes, and 5.1 and 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection, respectively. Serum half-lives were 1.89 and 1.69 hours, respectively. Total body clearances and volume distributions were 3.16 and 3.76 ml/min/kg, and 519.0 and 551.2 ml/kg, respectively.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefsulodin in neonates and young infants]. 251 19

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime (CMX) in neonates and infants were conducted. 1. CMX 20 mg/kg was administered by intravenous bolus injection to 6 neonates (with ages 2 to 20 days) and 5 infants (with ages 36 to 107 days) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion rates were determined. In the neonates, serum concentrations of CMX after intravenous administration reached peak levels of 48.2 to 90.7 micrograms/ml (mean 70.4 +/- 14.3 micrograms/ml) in 1/4 hour, then declined with half-lives of 1.27 to 5.19 hours (mean 2.28 +/- 1.56 hours), and were 3.6 to 16.9 micrograms/ml (mean 8.3 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml) at 6 hours. In the infants, serum concentrations at 1/4 hour were 67.5 to 111.0 micrograms/ml (mean 95.5 +/- 18.0 micrograms/ml); half-lives were 0.64 to 0.94 hour (mean 0.81 +/- 0.13 hour); and the serum concentrations at 6 hours were 0.2 to 1.1 micrograms/ml (mean 0.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). Mean peak serum concentrations in the neonates tended to be lower than those in the infants, but higher than those in children. Regarding the age differences of serum concentrations due to age in the neonates, their peak levels tended to be lower in younger ones. Half-lives were shorter in older subjects and, in early infancy, approached values observed in children. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after intravenous administration ranged from 43.6 to 87.5% (mean 61.6 +/- 14.6%) in the neonates and from 52.1 to 90.8% (mean 78.0 +/- 15.1%) in the infants. Thus, recovery rates were high even in younger subjects and tended to be higher in older subjects. 2. CMX was administered to 27 neonates and 4 infants to investigate its clinical effect, bacteriological effect and side effects. Clinical efficacy ratings of the drug in 19 neonate cases that could be evaluated (1 with purulent meningitis, 2 with suspected septicemia, 1 with acute bronchitis, 12 with acute pneumonia, 1 with impetigo, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis) were "excellent" in 14 cases, "good" in 4, and "poor" in 1. The efficacy rate covering "excellent" and "good" was 94.7%. In 4 infants (2 with acute pneumonia, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis), "excellent" was obtained in 2 cases and "good" in 2 cases. Thus, all the cases showed "good" or higher ratings. Bacteriologically, 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 3 strains of Escherichia coli in neonates were eradicated while, in infants, 1 strain of S. aureus persisted but 1 of E. coli was eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in neonates and infants]. 261 19

A study was undertaken to examine 320 patients with seasonal fevers occurred in June to September. These included fever of unknown etiology, acute respiratory virus diseases, pneumonias, bronchitis, enterovirus diseases, and serous meningitis. Serological tests revealed that in 20 (6.3%) of them the viruses of the complex in California encephalitis (Tyagin's virus or antigenically related virus) contributed to the etiology of the disease. Major clinical symptoms of the disease were defined in this group of patients. The disease appeared as neuroinfections (serous meningitis), influenza-like conditions (fever, symptoms of intoxication), occasionally, infiltrative changes in the lung. Thus, the viruses of the antigen complex of California encephalitis makes an etiological contribution to infectious abnormalities.
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PMID:[Significance of viruses of antigen complex of California encephalitis in pathology]. 268 61


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