Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for IgG and IgM antibodies against influenza A and B virus are described. One hundred and seven subjects with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection (influenza, bronchitis or pneumonia) were selected for this study during two epidemics of influenza A which occurred in Finland in 1983 and 1985. Paired sera and nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from all subjects. The sera were tested for influenza A and B antibodies by IgG and IgM EIAs and by complement fixation tests. The nasopharyngeal secretions were tested by an indirect EIA for influenza A and B antigens. The IgG EIA was found to be better than complement fixation for the diagnosis of influenza A infections: only 22% of the significant increases detected by this test were also positive by complement fixation. The additional contribution of the IgM EIA to the number of positives was minimal. It was also found that testing a single 1/1000 dilution of serum for influenza A and 1/100 dilution for influenza B in the IgG EIA gave as many positives as the conventional method of testing several dilutions.
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PMID:Influenza A and B virus IgG and IgM serology by enzyme immunoassays. 330 80

A total of 126 adult patients with acute bronchitis were subjected to microbiological, virological and immunological examination. Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections were detected in 104 (82.5%) cases of acute bronchitis. The results of microbiological examination and the study of local and systemic immunity showed that in 94.4 +/- 2.6% of the patients the development of acute bronchitis was linked with the appearance of acute pneumococcal infection irrespective of the presence, or absence, of virologically and serologically confirmed acute viral or mycoplasmal infections.
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PMID:[Etiology of acute bronchitis in adults]. 372 76

Plasma concentrations of theophylline, and urinary recovery of theophylline and its metabolites [1, 3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methyl xanthine and 1-methyluric acid] were measured before and after highly purified subunit influenza vaccination in seven healthy subjects, and five subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis. No cases of theophylline toxicity were seen, and there was no increase in mean plasma theophylline concentration or significant decrease in urinary metabolite concentration after vaccination. An antibody response to vaccination was demonstrated in all subjects. Highly purified subunit influenza vaccination may be given with safety to patients on theophylline.
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PMID:Lack of effect of highly purified subunit influenza vaccination on theophylline metabolism. 402 35

Influenza-like illness, cold and sore throat was the diagnosis given in over 80% of 5177 acute respiratory illnesses in patients swabbed over a 10-year-period. A pathogenic organism was isolated twice as frequently from patients with a sore throat or an influenza-like illness as from those diagnosed as suffering from croup or laryngitis and bronchitis. A laboratory diagnosis was commoner in school children than in older or younger persons.Most of the organisms isolated were found in association with all types of acute respiratory illness but, with increasing age of the patient, one particular agent or group of agents was more likely to be of aetiological significance.
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PMID:Viruses associated with acute respiratory infections 1961-71. 436 25

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases]. 609 Jul 23

A complex differentiated system of influenza control, based on scientific principles, was introduced into practice during 1976-1980 in Severodvinsk. The main component of this system was the mass prophylactic immunization of the population of the city, including children and elderly persons, with live and inactivated vaccines manufactured in the USSR. At the period of influenza epidemics remantadin was used for the urgent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. As a result, influenza morbidity in Severodvinsk was reduced 1.5-2 times in comparison with that in the neighboring control cities. The cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, the most severe postinfluenza complications, decreased in number 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively. The proportion of influenza A in the structure of acute respiratory diseases decreased by one-half. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the prophylactic and therapeutic measures carried out in the city.
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PMID:[Results of introducing a comprehensive system of influenza control in the population of Severodvinsk]. 622 81

The occurrence of non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in children and in adults was investigated in a population of approximately 28 300 inhabitants from selected health communities of a Prague industrial district between October 1, 1976 and December 31, 1978. In the course of this period such a disease occurred once at least in 31% of the population. Of a total of 17 133 respiratory disease cases, acute upper respiratory infections occurred in 72.0%, acute bronchitis in 12.2%, influenza in 12.5%, pneumonia in 1.3%, chronic bronchitis in 0.3%, bronchial asthma in 0.6% and other respiratory diseases in 0.5%. Repeated respiratory diseases with four or more episodes of a disease in the course of one year occurred in 6.0% of preschool-age children (0-5 years of age), in 2.8% of school-age children (6-14 years of age), and in 0.2% subjects from the age of 15. Differences in the morbidity rate among the three age groups were statistically significant. In most cases repeated respiratory diseases began to occur after the entry of children to collective institutions. The most frequent respiratory diseases as a cause of incapacity for work were acute upper respiratory infections and influenza with a predominance of incidence in persons younger than 40 years of age. By contrast, in chronic bronchitis as a cause of incapacity for work there was a significant predominance of affected subjects from 40 years of age. The mean duration of incapacity for work due to chronic bronchitis was longer than that due to acute respiratory diseases. In respiratory diseases chronic bronchitis was found to be the most frequent primary cause of death, while pneumonia was quite often an immediate cause of death in the subjects weakened by other diseases.
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PMID:Epidemiological study on non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in metropolitan population. 642 Jan 27

Experiments were performed for analysing the responses of the host to influenza respiratory tract infections. NMRI and Balb/c mice were infected with various doses of mouse adapted influenza virus (A/PR8/34) by aerosol. Clinical symptoms, rate of survival, total cell yield and total protein content in the lung lavage fluid as well as the course of virus titres showed typical changes depending on time and infection dose. Histologically, after moderate infection doses mice developed mononuclear infiltrations as bronchitis and peribronchitis whereas oedema and severe pneumonitis occurred in highly infected animals. The mouse model seems to be a useful basis for analysing the effects of immunization procedure against influenza.
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PMID:[Experimental animal model of airborne influenza infection]. 676 81

Hoarseness is a symptom that is constantly encountered by doctors in primary care. It is the leading symptom in acute laryngitis and is often present as one of the symptoms in, for example, respiratory tract infections, influenza, and bronchitis. For the general practitioner, the infection factor as the cause of hoarseness is so dominant that other possible causes may fail to be taken into consideration. The general practitioner's possibilities for diagnosing the cause of this symptom are largely determined by habit, and by his ability to observe and assess the vocal chords. Examination of the vocal chords is often technically difficult, and patients in whom inspection presents difficulties should be remitted to an ear specialist. Hoarse smokers constitute a special group at risk, and these patients should be remitted for further examinations, if the general practitioner finds it hard to make a complete inspection of the chords. The article also describes an investigation on how hoarseness is handled at a health centre.
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PMID:[Hoarseness from the viewpoint of primary care]. 682 67

H. W. Maunsell was born in Dublin in 1847 and obtained his degree from the College of Surgeons in 1867. He went to Melbourne the following year and became resident medical officer at the Melbourne Hospital. Following this appointment he took a similar post in Hokitika, New Zealand. After a short period of private practice he returned to Europe, receiving his M.D. degree at his old University in 1876. He returned to New Zealand, settling at Dunedin, and ultimately held the post of honorary surgeon to that hospital. In 1892 he reemigrated to the South Kensington section of London, devoting his efforts to writing, lecturing and illustrating. He was quite well known as a very fine artist and supplemented his surgical lectures with his own beautifully illustrated drawings. He was an innovative surgeon and is credited with original concepts in the technique of intra-abdominal hysterectomy. He was elected to the fellowship of the British Gynecological Society in 1889, and was appointed a Councillor in 1893. The article which is reproduced in this Classics section represents one of the earliest descriptions of the abdomino-anal pull-through procedure for carcinoma of the rectum. It was said that "the Maunsell Method will be at least more frequently employed, if it does not eventually displace the other procedure, i.e., Murphy's operation for intestinal anastomosis." Maunsell died on February 21, 1985, from bronchitis following influenza, at the age of 48.
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PMID:Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. A new method of excising the two upper portions of the rectum and the lower segment of the sigmoid flexure of the colon -- by H. Widenham Maunsell. 703 64


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