Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper presents the epidemiological study of respiratory viral infections in Croatia from 1 September 1986 till 31 August 1987. A total of 527 patients with acute respiratory diseases were examined. Their nasopharyngeal secretion and/or throat swab were taken and the viruses were demonstrated by the method of direct viral diagnosis (isolation and rapid immunofluorescent detection). This 12-month study on acute respiratory infections in Croatia in 1986/1987 shows that viruses were the agents in 47.2% of these infections. Out of a total of 527 patients with acute respiratory disease, 177 patients had RSV (prevalence 33.6%), 40 adenovirus (prevalence 7.6%), 18 enterovirus (prevalence 3.4%), 12 parainfluenza (prevalence 2.3%), 8 herpes simplex virus (prevalence 1.3%) and 3 influenza virus (prevalence 0.6%) infection; (9 patients had mixed infections with two viruses). Viral etiology was proved in 44.0% of upper respiratory tract infections, 86.5% of bronchiolitis, 63.3% of pneumonia, 57.5% of bronchitis, and 33.3% of croup. The epidemical wave of RSV infections started in October 1986 and lasted for the next 7 and a half months with a peak in December 1986. Infections with parainfluenza occurred in November 1986 and subsided in March 1987 with a peak in December 1986. An epidemic of adenovirus occurred in two waves and lasted throughout 9 months. Enteroviruses caused infections during the fall and at the beginning of the winter 1986 but also again in the spring 1987.
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PMID:Epidemiological picture of respiratory viral infections in Croatia. 195 Jun 39

Two experiments were performed to study the effect of an oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal device (OPRB) on the development of lungworm infection and immunity in calves. Infections were monitored in OPRB-treated and control calves by faecal and pastural larval counts. Levels of immunity of grazing groups and helminth-free housed groups were compared by challenge infection. Even though signs of parasitic bronchitis were seen only in control animals, sufficient immunity had developed in OPRB-treated calves to prevent disease after a substantial challenge infection. However, the degree of immunity was less than in untreated grazing control groups and there were indications that it was related to initial infection levels. These results imply that the OPRB may successfully control parasitic bronchitis, provided that pasture larval infections are sufficient to allow the development of immunity.
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PMID:Immunity of calves treated with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus to challenge with Dictyocaulus viviparus. 214 96

We compared safety and efficacy of ciprofloxacin and cefaclor in the treatment of patients with purulent bronchitis. Fifty-five patients were randomized prospectively to receive ciprofloxacin with a dose of 500 mg orally twice daily or cefaclor 250 mg over 8 hr for 5 days or longer. Patient groups did not differ with respect to age, duration of illness, severity of infection, or number of other concomitant disease states. A significantly larger number of patients in the ciprofloxacin group had poor health status (39.3% vs 7.4% for the ciprofloxacin and cefaclor groups, respectively, p = 0.02). The response to therapy did not differ between groups. Infection was completely resolved in 71.4% vs 66.7% and markedly improved in 7.1% and 11.1% for the ciprofloxacin and cefaclor groups, respectively. The response to therapy and adverse reaction rate did not differ between groups. Seven patients treated with ciprofloxacin and five patients treated with cefaclor developed adverse reactions. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is a useful agent for the treatment of purulent bronchitis.
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PMID:Prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin with cefaclor in the treatment of patients with purulent bronchitis. 219 49

The efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin therapy (200 mg 12-hourly) followed, when appropriate, by oral administration of the same dose was evaluated in an open multicentre trial involving 185 patients in 31 French hospitals. Dosage adjustment was made for patients in renal failure. Infection was hospital-acquired in 35 cases, 53 patients required admission to an intensive care unit. The infections comprised septicaemia (n = 56), pneumonia (n = 18), bronchitis (n = 10), urinary tract (n = 78), female pelvis (n = 8), bone and joint (n = 5), skin and soft tissues (n = 10). The causative pathogens were: Staphylococcus spp. (n = 23), Streptococcus spp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 85), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 9), Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Serratia spp. (n = 21), Salmonella spp. (n = 22), Chlamydia spp. (n = 3), Legionella spp. (n = 1), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 1) and miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli (n = 17). All were ofloxacin-susceptible. Mean duration of therapy was 8.06 ( +/- 2.6) days for the i.v. and 14.8 ( +/- 14.39) days for the oral preparation. Clinical cure was achieved in 173 patients (93.5%). It is concluded that iv ofloxacin is an effective treatment for a range of infections due to susceptible organisms.
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PMID:Efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin: a French multicentre trial in 185 patients. 228 86

During the first nine months of 1987, the bacteriological and virological tests as well as the indirect fluorescence test to Legionella pneumophila were performed in 40 children with bronchopneumonia (one- or both-sided) or pleuropneumonia and in 10 children with protracted bronchitis. In a 15 month old boy we have proved (by titer dynamics) the infection with Legionella pneumophila serotype 5, and in a 15 month old girl and in a 16 month old boy serotype 1. The infection was sporadic and the possible source of infection was unknown. The course of the disease was not wasting and the infection was accompanied with fever. The patients had an increased sedimentation rate of red cells and leukocytosis. All the other laboratory findings were within normal limits. In seven children seropositiveness 1:256 to Legionella pneumophila serotype 1, and in two children an increased titer to adenovirus was proved. The high titer to Legionella pneumophila in those seven children indicates an early contact with the causal agent. The patients were successfully treated with cefuroxim, which is not the drug of choice. Infection due to Legionella pneumophila in children does not exhibit a clinical or laboratory characteristic features that differ from those of the other respiratory diseases in children. It means that Legionnaires' disease in children with intact immunity is not the wasting illness. We stress the importance of using serologic examination to Legionella pneumophila as a routine procedure in the aetiological diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in children]. 279 76

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are the most important causes of acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) in infants and children under 6 years of age. These enveloped viruses are members of the paramyxovirus family. They infect cells in the epithelium lining the trachea and intrapulmonary airways, and cause croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia. RSV causes annual midwinter to early spring outbreaks of respiratory disease in temperate climates; epidemics are heralded by the appearance of increased numbers of cases of bronchiolitis, primarily in children under 2 years of age. PIV serotypes 1 and 2 cause epidemics of croup in the fall months. Infections with PIV serotype 3 can occur in an endemic pattern throughout the year, or may occur as outbreaks, usually in the fall or spring. Croup and bronchiolitis are the most common syndromes of PIV-3 LRI. Infection with these viruses induces short-lived partial resistance to reinfection, but the human host remains susceptible to reinfection with these agents throughout life. While antibody in respiratory secretions is related most directly to resistance to reinfection, cell-mediated immune responses are crucial for limitation and termination of established infection. Current research efforts are directed at more thorough characterization of the developing host immune response to individual viral antigens, and to development of methods for immunization using specific virion peptides. Recently, antiviral therapy has become available for serious RSV infection in young infants.
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PMID:Pulmonary infections with respiratory syncytial virus and the parainfluenza viruses. 282 80

In an open clinical trial, out-patients with respiratory tract infections were given 200 mg ofloxacin b. i. d. orally. 36 had acute bronchitis and pneumonia was diagnosed in 44. The average duration of therapy was nine days for bronchitis and 12 days for pneumonia. In the sputum of bronchitis patients, Haemophilus influenzae (n = 25), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 18), Branhamella catarrhalis (n = 2) and Pasteurella multocida (n = 1) were isolated. 17 H. influenzae and 12 S. pneumoniae were eliminated. All 20 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with pneumonia were eliminated. A cure or improvement of clinical symptoms was seen in 32 of 36 cases of bronchitis and in 33 of 44 cases of pneumonia treated with ofloxacin.
Infection 1986
PMID:[Respiratory tract infections--clinical results with ofloxacin]. 351 72

Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients on dialysis were studied in 122 cases. The greatest number of cases was in the 50-59 year-old group among males and in the 60-69 year-old group among females. Infection was the most frequent cause of death (39.3%), followed by bleeding (23.5%). The total number of patients with infections and bleeding was 68 cases (55.7%) and 39 cases (32.0%), respectively. Pneumonia and bronchitis were the most frequent (27.0%) in cases with infections and gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent (21.3%) in cases with bleeding. The incidence of tuberculosis (16.4%) as a complication was high.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients under dialysis--collected from the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. 383 5

Infection of cells with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus results in the synthesis of five major subgenomic RNAs. These RNAs and the viral genome form a 3' coterminal nested set. We found that the rates of inactivation of synthesis of the RNAs by UV light were different and increased with the length of the transcript. These results show that each RNA is transcribed from a unique promoter and that extensive processing of the primary transcripts probably does not occur.
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PMID:Synthesis of coronavirus mRNAs: kinetics of inactivation of infectious bronchitis virus RNA synthesis by UV light. 628 82

Twenty-four pediatric patients with infections were treated with ceftazidime (CAZ) by one-shot intravenous injection in the doses of 39 approximately 149 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses as a rule. These patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 13 years 4 months. The duration of the administration ranged from 4 to 19 days, and total doses ranged from 1.38 to 57 g. Infections consisted of respiratory tract infections in 19 cases (acute tonsillitis in 3, acute bronchitis in 7, and pneumonia in 9), urinary tract infection in 1 case, acute peritonitis in 1 case, and suspected sepsis in 3 cases. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 18, good in 1, fair in 1, and poor in 4 cases, and the efficacy rate (excellent + good) was 79.2%. Bacteriological response was evaluated on 14 strains of bacteria isolated from lesions, assumed as the causative organisms (7 strains of S. aureus, 3 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of H. influenzae, 1 of K. pneumoniae, 1 of E. coli, and 1 of S. marcescens). Out of these strains, 10 were eradicated, and 1 (P. aeruginosa) decreased, but 2 strains (both S. aureus) persisted. (One strain of S. aureus was not examined.) No adverse effect suspected to be related to the drug was observed either in subjective symptom or in objective findings.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 55


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