Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods. Occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. Persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well. Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each participant during the surveillance year. Antibody tests were performed for respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects. This finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis. Influence of smoking on illness and infection rates was also examined. Infections were, in general, more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed, suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups. Rates of illness and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals; however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects.
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PMID:The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. VIII. Acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups. 16 65

This paper has reviewed the bacterial etiologies and therapeis for commonly seen infections in the out-patient clinic or physician's office. The use of oral antibiotics for the treatment of pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, certain pneumonias, cellulitis, urinary tract infections and as follow-up therapy to systemic administration is discussed. Emphasis on the decreasing bacterial spectra of the tetracyclines is noted as well as a discussion of therapy of infections due to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae.
Infection 1979
PMID:Infectious disease management with oral antibiotics. 31 13

Two siblings with recurrent infections were found to have impaired neutrophil motility. The same association of infections (otitis media, bronchitis, chronic diarrhoea) has caused seven fatalities in the paternal side of the family, suggesting genetic implications.
Infection 1979
PMID:A defect in neutrophil motility in two siblings with recurrent infections and a remarkable family history. 42 55

Sixty-two patients with bronchopneumonia or bronchitis were treated with cefaclor. In 42 patients (= 68%), the therapy was clinically successful. Of the patients who did not respond to therapy, cefaclor-resistant bacteria were found in the sputum culture of seven. Of the remaining 13 patients, ten suffered a secondary infection with cefaclor-resistant bacteria, and in three patients the pathogen found before therapy persisted, although sensitive to cefaclor on testing. In seven patients therapy was clinically successful although cefaclor-resistant pathogens were present before the start of therapy. In the entire group of patients investigated no increase of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea or creatinine was observed. In two patients alkaline phosphatase and SGOT increased slightly; in three patients SGPT increased slightly. On the other hand, in several patients initially elevated SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased during therapy. Clinical side-effects were seen in two patients. In one patient with known penicillin allergy a pruritic exanthema developed; in the other patient, who had dermatitis herpetiformis, exacerbation of skin efflorescences occurred.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Therapy of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in adults with cefaclor (author's transl)]. 55 Oct 88

A human isolate of type A Hong Kong influenza virus (H3N2) was adapted to mice by serial passage. Lung homogenates from mice who received low passage levels contained about the same quantity of virus (10(6.2-6.95) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) as those from mice who received high passage levels (10(5.95-6.45) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml); however, death occurred only in animals given high-passage virus. Passage 3 (P3) and passage 9 (P9) viruses were selected as representative of low-passage and high-passage viruses, respectively. Although minimal differences were detected in infectivity for rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures and mice, P9 virus was at least 10,000 times more lethal for mice (mean lethal dose = 10(4.2)). Infection with P3 virus was accompanied by minimal bronchitis and bronchiolitis only, whereas P9-infected animals exhibited marked bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Striking thymic cortical atrophy was also demonstrable in the P9-infected animals and, although virus was more commonly recovered from thymuses from these animals, immunofluorescent studies revealed only a few cells containing influenza virus antigens. To further explore the participation of thymus-derived lymphocytes in influenza, athymic nude mice and furred immunocompetent littermates were given 500 50% mouse infectious doses of P9 virus. Nude mice exhibited an increased survival time and, in contrast to the extensive lung pathology seen in furred littermates, manifested minimal cellular infiltration and no tissue destruction in lungs. Brains from nude mice exhibited encephalomalacia with lymphocytic perivascular cuffing, which was not seen in furred animals. Virus was recovered from brains of 6 of 13 nude mice and 1 of 10 furred animals. The contrasting models suggest that thymus-dependent cells play a significant role in the inflammatory response to influenza virus infection and should prove useful for probing host-virus interactions which characterize influenza virus virulence.
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PMID:Effects of low- and high-passage influenza virus infection in normal and nude mice. 83 99

Chlamydia pneumoniae is emerging as a significant cause of respiratory disease, including pneumonia and bronchitis, in humans. In this recently completed study of infection due to C. pneumoniae in patients presenting with pneumonia to SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, we identified two individuals for whom cultures were positive on multiple occasions over a 1-year period. To determine the frequency of persistent respiratory infection with C. pneumoniae, follow-up specimens were obtained from nine individuals with culture-documented C. pneumoniae infection. Five of these individuals had persistent infection: four had a flulike illness characterized by pharyngitis, and one had bronchitis with prominent bronchospasm. All five individuals appeared to have acute C. pneumoniae infection as determined by results of serologic tests (titers of IgM antibody for all individuals were greater than or equal to 1:16). For three patients, cultures remained positive for 11 months despite therapy with 10- to 21-day courses of tetracycline or doxycycline. These observations suggest that persistent infection with C. pneumoniae may follow acute infection and may persist for many months. Infection with C. pneumoniae may be very difficult to eradicate with use of currently available antibiotics even if there is a clinical response to therapy.
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PMID:Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness. 157 25

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
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PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are commonly classified as either bronchitis or pneumonia, and these infections are associated with an extremely high morbidity in the community, as well as a high mortality in those patients that require hospitalisation. Therefore, such infections place a huge burden, both economically and as a user of health services, on the entire health care system. The antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by gram-negative organisms or staphylococci is controversial, and these organisms may cause one-third of the cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonia is caused even more often by gram-negative bacteria, and as such the development of rational and effective antibiotic therapy to cover these organisms is very important.
Infection 1991
PMID:The scope of lower respiratory tract infection. 180 84

Illnesses among children attending municipal day-care centers (DCCs) were followed in a prospective study in Helsinki during 1985-1986. The study comprised 1,905 follow-up years among children in 29 DCCs. The mean number of illness periods was 4.9 per follow-up year, 7.9 for those under the age of three years and 3.8 for older children. The corresponding average numbers of days of illness were 23, 39 and 17. The most common diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infections (46.0%), diarrhea (17.2%), otitis media (12.9%), eye infections (4.0%), acute tonsillitis (3.2%), and bronchitis (3.0%). The six most common diagnoses, all infections, caused 86% of periods and 79% of days of illness. The ten most common infectious diseases caused 90.9% of absence periods, surgical operations 1.8%, and injuries 0.8%. In children under three years of age, a small area and volume of a DCC, lack of fully mechanized ventilation, and lack of separate facilities were associated with a higher incidence of one or all of the six most common infections. A large number of children at a DCC and small homes were associated with a high incidence of one or all of the most common infections among both younger and older children. The effects of passive smoking, number of siblings, number of household members, and incomes of families were not statistically significant.
Infection
PMID:Infections and other illnesses of children in day-care centers in Helsinki. I: Incidences and effects of home and day-care center variables. 191 34

IgG subclass deficiency (IgGSD) is difficult to define since reference materials vary between laboratories and the clinically relevant cut off levels for the various subclasses are not well known. The diagnosis of IgGSD should be based on more than one determination since the levels vary, due to various factors such as infections, operations, etc. There is a relation between IgGSD and occurrence of frequent infections, but at the same time even total lack of a subclass can be seen in healthy individuals. Infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract predominate. Gm allotypes influence IgG subclass levels. Most IgGSD patients are homozygous in the Gm system. Immunocytes producing IgG3 in the nasal mucosa correlate with serum IgG3 levels, whereas rectal IgG1 producing cells relate to serum IgG1 levels. This may reflect differences in antigen and/or mitogen exposure at the two mucosal sites. IgG2SD is the predominant form of IgGSD among children, whereas after puberty IgG3SD is most common. At the same age period there is a switch in sex distribution from three boys/one girl to one male/three females. Various abnormalities in B and T lymphocyte numbers and function are often found. In a double blind crossover study of Ig prophylaxis over 2 years in 43 IgGSD adult patients a significant decrease in the number of days with infections was seen both in the whole group and among the IgG1 deficient. Days with bronchial constriction were also significantly decreased among the 22 patients who had asthma as well. Acute bronchitis became significantly less frequent in the IgG3 deficient patients during Ig prophylaxis. This was seen in those under the lower range of 0.41 g/liter of Oxelius' early normal material, although many recent reference materials suggest 0.14-0.15 g/liter of IgG3 as the cut off. In a group of 25 consecutive patients with IgGSD + IgA deficiency recurrent respiratory infections were the major problem and lung function impairment was found in 12, and bronchiectasies in 5. Still many individuals with this combined deficiency have been reported to be healthy, again illustrating our limited understanding of these conditions.
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PMID:IgG subclass deficiency with or without IgA deficiency. 193 15


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