Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 703 89

A total of 227 ambulatory patients who received prescriptions for antibiotics in a family practice residency program was studied. The common infections treated were urinary tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, impetigo, nonspecific vaginitis, and bronchitis. Cultures obtained in 21.1 percent of the patients were usually considered to be appropriate. Urinary tract infections were usually treated with co-trimoxazole or other drugs containing sulfonamides; upper respiratory tract infections with amoxicillin, ampicillin, or penicillin; impetigo with penicillin; nonspecific vaginitis with vaginal creams; and bronchitis with ampicillin or erythromycin. Most prescriptions (86 percent) were written generically at an approximate savings of $2 per prescription. A review panel audited the prescribing practices and often (32.2 percent) disagreed among themselves, yet they did determine 65.4 percent of the prescriptions to be appropriate. The rate of appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices among the residents was found to decrease as the level of supervision decreased (P less than 0.01).
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing in a family medicine residency program. 708 72

MIC of cefadroxil (CDX) against A group beta-Streptococcus was distributed between 0.05-0.2 microgram/ml, that is, more susceptible than cephalexin (CEX) an cefaclor (CCL), and susceptible to tetracycline (TC), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LCM) resistant strains. Serum level was higher than CCL administered orally at the same dose, and urinary excretion ratio after oral administration was good similarly to CEX and CCL. Patients treated were mostly scarlet fever and upper respiratory tract infections as acute tonsillitis and lacunar tonsillitis. They responded well to CDX at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times. All cases of scarlet fever became normal temperature within 2 days. Among 14 cases in which A group beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was detected by pharyngeal sputum culture at admission, 11 cases became negative on the 1st day. This result was superior to CEX, when this drug was administered orally at a daily dose of 40-60 mg/kg, bacteria became negative at the ratio of 73.3% on the 2nd day. CDX was effective for acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, impetigo and maxillary lymphadenitis in which numerous A group beta-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were proven, as well as for acute urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Clinical results of CDX in totalling 69 cases were excellent in 63 cases, good in 6 cases, efficacy ratio being 100%. No local nor systemic side effects were observed in 69 cases including maximum 11 days' treatment, as well as no effect was noticed on hepatic and renal functions. From the above results, it was concluded that satisfactory treatment results may be obtained with CDX dry syrup for children at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times in acute infections due to CDX susceptible pathogens.
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PMID:[Some investigations on cefadroxil dry syrup (author's transl)]. 725 97

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (CXD), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CXD were measured by plate dilution method on 26 clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CXD inhibited the growth of all strains of S. aureus at concentrations less than 6.25 microgram/ml, the peak of activity distribution was obtained at 3.13 microgram/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the p eak sensitivity distribution of E. coli was obtained at 6.25 microgram/ml. The growth of all strains of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentrations of less than 25 microgram/ml. Phagocytosis was determined by QUIE'S method. In the presence of CXD, phagocytosis of human PMNs was not enhanced to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. For pharmacokinetic study, CXD was given orally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children before and after meals. The serum levels of CXD on fasting were 14.2 microgram/ml, 11.0 microgram/ml, 4.0 microgram/ml and 0.57 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2. 4 hours after administration respectively, and the level at 6 hours was not detectable. Half-life was 0.65 hours. The serum levels of CXD after meals were 3.9 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 2.4 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration respectively, but at 8 hours it was not detectable. Half-life was 0.95 hours. The 8-hour urinary excretion rates on fasting and non fasting were 89.4%, 89.0% respectively. CXD was given to 31 cases with tonsillitis, 4 with bronchitis, 1 with impetigo, 3 with cervical lymphadenitis, 7 with U.T.I, totalling 46. A daily dose of CXD 400 approximately 1,500 mg was given for 4 approximately 14 days. Clinical results obtained were good and excellent responses in 43/46 (93.5%) cases. No side effects were observed except for 1 case with elevation of GOT, 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT and 1 case with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (author's transl)]. 733 88

Clinical efficacy of cefroxadine dry syrup, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Three children were given a single oral dose of about 10 mg/kg of the drug when fasting, and its blood concentrations were determined. Blood concentrations were maximum at 30 approximately 60 minutes, i.e., 16.9 approximately 18.2 microgram/ml, and markedly low at 4 hours. 2. Thirty-six patients with the following diseases were tested with 23.1 approximately 44.4 mg/kg/day of the drug in 3 to 4 divided doses; 21 patients with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with tonsillitis, 1 with scarlet fever, 4 with bronchitis and tonsillitis, 2 with cystitis, 4 with pyelonephritis, 1 with impetigo and 1 with probable Mycoplasma pneumonia. An overall efficacy rate in 35 patients excluding the last mentioned case was 91.4%, i.e., excellent in 20, good in 12 and poor in 3, and an eradication rate of the causative organisms was 88.9%. 3. Adverse reactions noted were diarrhea in 1 patient, eruption and diarrhea in 1 transient neutropenia in 1, eosinophilia in 3 and an elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. None were significant. 4. Taste and flavor of the drug was considered to be well palatable to children. 5. Taking into consideration of the results of fundamental evaluation of the drug, cefroxadine dry syrup is considered to be a potent new antibiotic in children, and the recommended dose will be 10 mg/kg 3 to 4 times a day.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefroxadine dry syrup in children (author's transl)]. 733 92

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotics, were performed in pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics studies Pharmacokinetics of SY5555 was studied in 5 children (5y1m-10y11m) using doses of 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 2). The average peak plasma levels were 0.65 microgram/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 5 mg/kg and 2.12 micrograms/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, and the plasma half-lives were 0.81 and 1.08 hours, respectively. Average cumulative urinary recovery rates at 0-6 hours were 2.97 and 3.96%, respectively. 2. Clinical studies SY5555 was administered to 45 patients with various infectious diseases (2 with acute pharyngitis, 8 with acute tonsillitis, 4 with lacunar tonsillitis, 3 each with acute bronchitis, pneumonia and pertussis, 7 with scarlet fever, 3 with impetigo contagiosa, 6 with acute urinary tract infections, 2 with balanoposthitis and 1 each with cervical lymphadenitis, S.S.S.S., vulvitis and acute colitis) at daily doses between 3.4-10 mg/kg, t.i.d., for 3-14 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 27 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 1 patient, and poor in 2 patients, and the efficacy rate was 93.3%. Causative organisms were examined and 39 strains of 11 species were identified. The eradication rate was 78.9%. Side effects were observed in 1 patient with diarrhea. An abnormal laboratory test value was observed in 1 patient with elevation of eosinophils. The above results suggest that SY5555 may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infection.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in pediatric infections]. 769 45

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

1. SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) was administered to 25 patients with bacterial infections (6 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 1 case of pertussis, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of impetigo, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 11 patients and good in 13, poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96.0%. As pathogenic organisms, 15 strains were identified and 14 of them were eradicated with eradication rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results increase in eosinophiles in 2 cases, decrease in filamented neutrophiles in 1 case, elevation of GOT and GTP in 1 case and elevation of GPT and gamma-GTP were observed. 4. There was no rejection incidence of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider SY5555 in dry syrup form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infections in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of SY5555 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 774 11

Clinical effects of SY5555 dry syrup, a new oral penem antibiotic, were analysed in 20 children with various bacterial infections. Ages of the patients varied from 8 months to 14 years. Doses of SY5555 were varied from 12.8 mg/kg/day to 30.5 mg/kg/day, and it was administered in 3 divided dosages. Clinical efficacy rates were as follows; 6/7 in acute bronchitis, 5/5 in pharyngotonsillitis, 3/3 in acute otitis media and 2/2 in cystitis and 3/3 in impetigo contagiosa. The overall rate was 95.0% (19/20). Bacteriologically, eradications were obtained with 1/2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3/3 of Staphylococcus aureus, 1/1 of Haemophilus influenzae, and each of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Serratia marcescens. Diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. And elevated eosinophiles or GPT was observed in one patient each. In vivo pharmacokinetics of SY5555 was examined in 2 cases. Peak plasma levels were observed at 1 hour after dosage in one patient and at 2 hours in another upon oral administration of 8.3 mg/kg of SY5555, and peak levels were 2.44 and 1.38 micrograms/ml respectively. Half-lives of SY5555 were 1.39 and 0.59 hr. Concentrations of SY5555 in urine after administration were 70.2 (2-4 hrs.) to 91.0 (0-5 hrs.) micrograms/ml, respectively. SY5555 dry syrup is considered as an useful and safe antibiotic in treating the infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Clinical and laboratory studies on SY5555 in pediatric infectious diseases]. 774 13

A clinical study in children has been performed on S-1108, a newly developed cephem antibiotic. S-1108 was given orally to 30 patients, at doses between 8 and 12 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 26 patients consisting of 12 patients of pharyngitis, 5 of tonsillitis and of impetigo, one each of bronchitis, cystitis, lymphadenitis and cellulitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 10, good in 15, fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96%. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea (2 patients) and transients elevation of transaminases (one patient) were observed. These data suggest that S-1108 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new cephem S-1108 in infants and children]. 810 70


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