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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is considered to be rare in the Japanese population. Forty-five cases from the Japanese literature (1951-1983) are reviewed and one autopsy case added. The patient was a 17-year-old Japanese male with recurrent episodes of pulmonary infection. His sweat test was positive (sodium 332 mg/l, chloride 316 mg/l). No particular hereditary trait was identified. Autopsy findings showed cystic dilatation of pancreatic ducts and ductules with mucous hypersecretion. Acini of the pancreas were replaced by fibrosis, while islands of Langerhans remained. These findings were compatible with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (mucoviscidosis). The lungs showed chronic hypertrophic bronchitis and acute obliterating bronchiolitis. Cystic dilatation and hypersecretion were seen in the esophageal glands, Brenner's glands, and enteric glands. Goblet-cell hyperplasia was seen in the enteric glands. Central fatty metamorphosis and focal bile duct proliferation were seen in the liver. No obvious intralobular cholestasis was present. The epithelium of the gall bladder was highly columnar.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas: report of a Japanese autopsy case. 383 17

For 18 years we have analysed several parameters directly or indirectly involved in immunologic functions in 713 children (age: 0-14 years) suffering from CNSRD (frequently relapsing bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, frequently relapsing or chronic obstructive bronchitis, asthma bronchiale, cystic fibrosis). In all 6,067 data were evaluated. The estimation of the immunoglobulins (in serum and secretions) and the serum level of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) had the highest relevance for diagnosis and prognosis of CNSRD. Immunodeficiencies were detected in form of humoral antibody deficiency syndromes as well as local secretory IgA deficiency (MALT insufficiency). The results suggest that the MALT-insufficiency during early childhood is a high risk factor for the development of CNSRD, especially of obstructive lung diseases. In chronic bronchitis the mean levels of serum-IgA were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) and reactively increased serum mean levels of IgM and/or IgG were observed in some chronic bronchitis forms but not during the whole childhood. In homocygote and heterocygote defective alpha-1-AT types the prognosis of chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive bronchitis and/or bronchial asthma) was especially poor. Despite BCG vaccination in the neonatal period most children had negative tuberculin skin tests. This suggests that also the cellular immunofunctions may be depressed in children with CNSRD. Blood group, isoagglutinins, Zn and Fe serum levels had only limited importance for diagnosis and prognosis of the CNSRD. We recommend the estimation of these parameters in special cases only.
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PMID:[Long-term study of various immunologic functions in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. 387 93

Factors influencing the selection of an antibiotic include the findings of susceptibility tests, the relative ability of various agents to reach the site of infection, and the difficulties of treating resistant microorganisms. After a brief review of these factors and the characteristics of piperacillin, established therapies for acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonias, pleurisy and empyema, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and cystic fibrosis are outlined. New therapies for various lower respiratory tract infections, aspiration or decubitus pneumonia, and infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, and in immunocompromised patients are discussed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of aerosol administration or endotracheal instillation of antibiotics.
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PMID:Respiratory infections: established therapy and its limitations. 390 44

Evidence of anaerobic infection was sought in 83 patients with pulmonary disease with anaerobic culture and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of mucopurulent sputum, or pleural fluid where appropriate. Saliva samples from nine healthy controls and 14 patients with cystic fibrosis were examined by the same methods to assess anaerobic content. Clinically significant anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection was not found in our patients with bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis and occurred in only some of our patients with empyema and lung abscess. GLC of pleural fluid (empyema) or sputum (lung abscess) was helpful in identifying these cases, when a strongly positive reading was obtained. The gas liquid chromatogram was negative or only weakly positive in those patients where the presence of anaerobes was clinically insignificant, most probably resulting from contamination of the sputum samples by saliva. Results were rapidly available and the need for transtracheal aspiration to obtain specimens of bronchial secretion uncontaminated by mouth flora was avoided. The semiquantitative GLC would therefore appear to be a useful method for investigating specimens from patients with suspected anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection.
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PMID:Use of gas liquid chromatography in the clinical diagnosis of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infection. 398 9

Five patients from two families had a bronchiectasis syndrome; the men also had oligospermia with poor progressive sperm motility. None of the patients had cystic fibrosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, immunoglobulin deficiency, structural abnormalities of the bronchi, or abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure. Onset of pulmonary symptoms was in the neonatal period or infancy, and bronchitis and bronchiectasis were most severe in the middle and lower lobes. Two patients had sinusitis and two otitis. The two men old enough to be studied had 2-10 X 10(6) sperm/ml of ejaculate with less than 10% progressively motile. There were no other associated anomalies. These patients probably had a distinct genetic error predisposing to pulmonary infection leading to bronchiectasis and, in men, oligospermia with poor progressive motility.
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PMID:Bronchiectasis and oligospermia: two families. 402 92

Thirty-two episodes of severe infection in 23 patients were treated with parenteral ceftazidime: 96% of the infections were cured or improved. Of 15 chest infections in cystic fibrosis patients, 14 responded satisfactorily to treatment, including 9 cases where Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 cases where Staphylococcus aureus was a pathogen. All seven cases of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients were cured or improved. Other infections that responded to treatment were urinary tract infections (3), septicaemias (2), wound infections (2), acute bronchitis (2) and cholangitis (1). Ceftazidime was shown to produce good blood and peritoneal dialysis fluid levels and to penetrate into sputum. Adverse effects were few and not serious.
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PMID:Ceftazidime therapy for serious infections. 635 13

We studied the prevalence of serum antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty-two (29.4%) of 109 patients with CF had a titer of 1:256 or higher, the level presumptive of previous infection, compared with (1) three (11.5%) of 26 patients without CF but with chronic suppurative bronchitis of childhood, (2) three (1.7%) of 178 age-matched persons without pulmonary disease, (3) zero of 22 parents and normal siblings, and (4) zero of 113 adult patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. (Addition of patients with CF who had a titer of 1:128 or higher would raise the prevalence of serum antibodies to L pneumophila in patients with CF to 43.2%.) Fifteen of 32 patients with CF who had antibody titers of 1:256 or higher to L pneumophila (46.9%) had titers of 1:1,024 or higher. Using a standard scoring system, the clinical condition of patients with CF who exhibited antibodies to L pneumophila was worse than that of patients with CF who lacked antibodies to L pneumophila. We conclude that patients who suffer from CF exhibit a high prevalence of antibodies to L pneumophila by the conventional indirect immunofluorescent test. The clinical importance of this single epidemiologic observation awaits further clarification.
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PMID:Serum antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in patients with cystic fibrosis. 675 43

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a fixed combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in 33 patients with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract infections (R.T.I.), mainly bronchitis. In two patients bronchopneumonia was diagnosed, and in one cystic fibrosis. The patients were treated with 750 mg of the drug combination (500 mg amoxicillin/250 mg clavulanic acid) t. i. d. for seven or ten days. Good clinical success was obtained in 17 patients and a clear improvement in another eight. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Haemophilus influenzae; of the 22 strains isolated, 20 were resistant to 2 mg/l amoxicillin but sensitive to the combination of 2 mg/l amoxicillin and 1 mg/l clavulanic acid. Side-effects were reported in nine patients; two patients discontinued treatment for this reason. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a useful therapeutic addition to the existing forms of treatment for amoxicillin-resistant respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by amoxicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae. 702 35

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefsulodin (CFS) were made and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetic study Three hundred fifty grams of CFS (20 mg/kg) was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 7 years old child (17.5 kg in weight). Serum concentrations of CFS at the end of the infusion and 1,1.5,2.5,6.5 hours thereafter were 46.0,44.9,23.0,11.9 mcg/ml and 0.6 mcg/ml respectively. Urinary recovery rate until 6 hours from the start of infusion was 66.2%. 2. Clinical study CFS was administered to the case of bronchitis with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectasia (treatment was made 2 times), and each 1 case of pyelonephritis with renal calculus and measles pneumonia with infantile spasm. All infections were caused by P. aeruginosa and administration and dosage of CFS was 47 to 86 mg/kg/day, 2 to 4 times daily by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 11 days. Result was good in 3 infections (2 cases) and fair in 1 case, i.e. measles pneumonia. Effectiveness rate was 75.0%. Side effect as well as abnormal change of laboratory findings were not observed. Thus, CFS is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of pediatric infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefsulodin in the pediatric field]. 716 66

As a symptom of an underlying condition, cough is one of the most common reasons patients see physicians. To the majority, a cough means that 'something is wrong' and it causes exhaustion and/or self-consciousness. Patients find these reasons as well as effects on lifestyle, fear of cancer and/or AIDS or tuberculosis to be the most troublesome concerns for which they seek medical attention. The treatment of cough can be divided into two main categories: (a) therapy that controls, prevents or eliminates cough (i.e. antitussive); and (b) therapy that makes cough more effective (i.e. protussive). Antitussive therapy can be either specific or nonspecific. Definitive or specific antitussive therapy depends on determining the aetiology or operant pathophysiological mechanism, and then initiating specific treatment. Since the cause of chronic cough can almost always be determined, it is possible to prescribe specific therapy that can be almost uniformly successful. Non-specific antitussive therapy is directed at the symptom; it is indicated when definitive therapy cannot be given. Practically speaking, the efficacy of nonspecific therapy must be evaluated in double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised studies of pathological cough in humans. Such studies have demonstrated the efficacy of dextromethorphan, codeine and ipratropium bromide aerosol in patients with chronic bronchitis. While the preferred treatment for patients with cough due to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy is withdrawal of the offending drugs, it may be possible to ameliorate the cough by adding nifedipine, sulindac or indomethacin to the treatment regimen. The efficacy of protussive therapy has not been well documented. Although hypertonic saline aerosol and erdosteine in patients with bronchitis, and amiloride aerosol in patients with cystic fibrosis have been shown to improve mucus clearance, their clinical utility has not been adequately studied.
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PMID:Appropriate use of antitussives and protussives. A practical review. 769 10


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