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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of a 62 year old man who presented with effort dyspnoea accompanied by a cough and haemoptysis. The chest radiograph of the thorax showed atelectasis of the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy showed evidence of a tumour like mass obstructing the right bronchus and this revealed itself to be a mass of organised fibrinous deposit in granulation tissue containing numerous colonies of Aspergillus. In fact it appeared to be an obstructive Aspergillus bronchitis, with a pseudo-tumour appearance attached to a carcinoid tumour which was obstructing the apical segment of the right upper lobe. Obstructive Aspergillus bronchitis makes up only a small percentage of overall respiratory disease caused by Aspergillus. They pose a problem of differential diagnosis with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis which is much more frequent.
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PMID:[Endobronchial aspergillosis associated with a carcinoid tumor]. 227 Mar 53

Twenty one patients with bronchial adenoma, treated surgically in our hospital, include three different neoplasms: carcinoid, cylindroma and mucoepidermoid adenoma. In this series, clinical characteristics were: bronchial obstruction when the tumor protrudes into the lumen and infection, first in the bronchus (bronchitis or bronchiectasis) then in the parenchyma (acute, recurrent or chronic pneumonia, tension abscess). Ball-valve action of the tumor may result in lobar or segmental emphysema. Preoperatively, most of the patients had been misdiagnosed as bronchitis, carcinoma of lung, bronchiectasis or acute tension abscess. In our series, all the patients were alive in a follow up of 2-8 years. Yet one patient is living with local recurrence and distant metastasis. To our experience, pneumonia recurring in the same area of the lung, localized wheezing, with or without endocrine symptoms, lobar or segmental emphysema may suggest bronchial adenoma. Tomography and endoscopy are important for diagnosis. For the treatment, sleeve resection of the main bronchus was done in 2, bronchoplastic lobectomy in 7, lobectomy in 10, and pneumonectomy in 2. Sleeve resection of the main bronchus or bronchoplastic lobectomy is recommended as a reliable procedure for this disease.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of bronchial adenoma]. 282 Jun 82

We describe the case history of a 13 year old boy with recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia over a period of 8 years. Because of the peculiar bronchoscopic finding of an osseous foreign body a chronical foreign body aspiration was considered likely, but not confirmed histologically. A bronchial carcinoid tumor with ossifications proved to be the cause of recurrent chest infections. Tumors arising from bronchial epithelia in childhood and adolescence are very uncommon, ossification in this age group is a rarity. In the eight years following the operation there has been no relapse.
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PMID:[Chronic recurrent pneumonias in ossifying bronchial carcinoid tumor]. 311 17

27 patients suffering from carcinoid of the lung (18 females and 9 males, middle age 52 years, range 26-68) underwent surgery in our department. The neoplasms were located at the pulmonary hilum in 21 cases. The diagnosis was occasional in 6 cases, cough (51.8%) and recurrent bronchitis (37%) were the most frequent symptoms. No instances of carcinoid syndrome were detected. Preoperative staging ruled out pathologic mediastinal lymph nodes or hematogenous metastases. 26 patients underwent complete excision of the neoplasm (11 lobectomies, 9 pneumonectomies, 4 bilobectomies, 1 segmental resection, 1 bronchial wedge resection). Histologically, 4 cases were categorized as atypical carcinoids. Two patients died within 1 year, one suffering from atypical carcinoid because of disease progression, and an other one (suffering from atypical carcinoid) who underwent only at exploratory thoracotomy followed by chemotherapy. A patient suffering from typical carcinoid died within 1.5 years because of gallbladder carcinoma. From our experience and from the literature review it appears that carcinoids has to be considered as malignant neoplasms and treated according to.
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PMID:[Pulmonary carcinoid tumors]. 800 Nov 91

Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males and it's incidence is rapidly rising in females. Factors linked to this are associated with cigarette smoking, urbanization along with atmospheric pollution. The lack of success in the treatment of lung cancer has to do with in many cases late diagnosis at the stage when surgical treatment is not possible and radio and chemotherapy being of minimal effectiveness. The WHO has proposed the following classification of lung cancer: 1. Squamous cell carcinoma; 2. Small cell carcinoma; 3. Adenocarcinoma; 4. Giant cell carcinoma; 5. Adeno-squamous cell carcinoma 6. Carcinoid. 7. Carcinoma of mucous gland. 8. Others. Early physical signs of lung cancer are: cough (50-80% of patients), dyspnea (10-15%), chest pain (15-20%), hemoptysis (20-50%), recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis (30-50%). More serious clinical signs associated with growth of the neoplasm are hoarseness, pleural effusion, vena cava superior syndrome, and Pancoast's syndrome. The growing neoplasm secrets many biochemical substances, which are them activity passed on the bloodstream or make their way into the blood as a result of degeneration of the tumor. These substances may then be detected in the patient's plasma and act as markers of malignant disease. The characteristics of these markers is varied, e.g.: hormones, enzymes and tissue antigens. Methods used in the diagnosis of lung-cancer which should be stressed, are apart from the obvious physical examination are chest x-rays, ultrasound, CAT scans, nuclear magnetic resonance, PET scans, and scintigraphy. Fine needle aspiration in changes in the peripheral regions, cytology of sputum, bronchial lavage, cytogenetic analysis. This underlines the need for prophylaxis, particularly the cessation of cigarette smoking.
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PMID:[Current capabilities and procedures for diagnosing lung neoplasms]. 919 23

Relationship between carcinoid tumourlets and chronic pulmonary hypoxia was studied on a group of 29 patients coming to necropsy (25 cases) in the last 25 years or surgically treated (4 cases) for non-neoplastic pulmonary lesions. All tumourlets expressed the argyrophilia and were immunoreactive for neurone-specific enolase. Pulmonary hypoxia was studied according to the presence of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and microscopical signs of hypoxic arteriopathy. Cigarette smoking was an additional criterion. The results indicated a strong relationship between tumourlets and chronic pulmonary hypoxia. 79% of patients with tumourlets have had the emphysema and in 41% of examined cases with this lesion the chronic bronchitis was diagnosed. The hypoxic arteriopathy was present in 48% of subjects with emphysema and 27% of cases with bronchitis. It was found in the same number of patients with both the examined lung diseases. On the other hand, the possibility of other cause of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia was to be considered in 17% of investigated subjects in whom no evidence for the above mentioned relationship was found.
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumorlets and pulmonary hypoxia]. 947 92

This article illustrates problems in diagnosis and treatment of an atypical form of bronchial carcinoid. We described the case of a 49-year old man, exposed to granite dust and noise for 25 years who had suffered from frequent bronchitis inflammations and pneumonias for 5 years prior to the diagnosis. He was admitted to our clinic because of supposed occupational nature of hearing deficiency. Although a pneumoconiosis was excluded before the admission, we found clinical and X-ray features of the right lung emphysema with medium restrictive ventilation disturbances. Bronchoscopy was performed because of "bright" right lung and ventilation disturbances and it showed presence of the carcinoid. Unusual in this case were tiny anamnestical findings (mild dyspnea attacks after physical effort or nervousness) plus increasing frequency of reported from the childhood bronchitis and pneumonias and uncharacteristic "bright" right lung in X-ray. Therapeutical difficulties resulted from atypical histological form of the tumor, its diameter, polypous-infiltrative character, and inconvenient localization. In spite of late diagnosis of carcinoid and significant acceleration of respiratory decompensation symptoms after the diagnosis the attempt of surgical therapy was appropriate but unsuccessful. After the operation the patient was suffering long lasting lowering of arterial pressure (what was corrected with catecholamine infusions) probably as a result of serotonin secretion. However it was not established because of technical reasons.
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PMID:[Atypical case of bronchial carcinoid]. 959 57

Haemoptysis is an alarming symptom, and the management depends upon the aetiology. Emergency management depends upon localization of the site of bleeding by roentgenogram, computerized chest tompgraphy and bronchoscopy. We prospectively evaluated 52 patients with haemoptysis admitted to the Chest Hospital, Kuwait for 1 year (January 1998 to December 1998) and followed them up for 1 year (January 1999 to December 1999). There were 42 males (80.8%) and 10 (19.2%) females, with a mean age of 42.2 (16-86) years. Of these, 26.9% were Kuwaiti nationals, 36.5% were Arab non-Kuwaiti nationals, 34.6% were Asians and 1.9% were other nationals. The aetiologies of haemoptysis were bronchiectasis (21.2%), old pulmonary tuberculosis with bronchiectasis (17.3%), active pulmonary tuberculosis (15.4%), bronchitis (5.8%), aspergilloma, rheumatic heart disease and carcinoid (1.9%). Aetiology could not be identified in 25% of patients. The site of bleeding in haemoptysis could not be localized by the consultants in 18 (32%) by roentgenogram. 16 patients (37%) by CT scan and 23 patients (50%) by Fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Sequential estimation of hemoglobin showed a mean of 13.56 (SD 1.9) and 13.31 (SD 1.8) after 24 h. The difference in mean was statistically significant (p<0.036). Conservative management was given in 80.8%, and embolotherapy or surgical intervention in 19.2% of patients. Only 12% of patients had recurrent haemoptysis at 1-year follow up. In conclusion, bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis were the major causes of haemoptysis in this study. Roentgenogram, CT scan and fibreoptic bronchoscopy are useful for localizing the site of bleeding. Sequential estimation of haemoglobin may be helpful in assessing the severity of haemoptysis, but larger studies are required to address this observation. The outcome of haemoptysis is generally good, with a low mortality and recurrence rate.
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PMID:Haemoptysis: aetiology, evaluation and outcome--a prospective study in a third-world country. 1145 10