Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Copaiba oil resin (COR) obtained from Copaifera multijuga Hayne has been used in popular medicine as an antinflammatory and for the treatment of bronchitis, ulcers and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of COR and its fractions on the inhibition of lung metastasis and tumour growth induced by B16F10 melanoma cells in mice and cytotoxicity in vitro using Trypan Blue exclusion method and MTT conversion. Mice which have received subcutaneously B16F10 cells developed a solid tumour that reached a peak at 17 days. Together with the increase in tumour growth we also observed an increase in the number of lung nodules. There was a positive correlation between the in vitro cytotoxic assay and in vivo antitumour activity. The oral administration of COR (at 2 g/Kg in the days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 14 after inoculation of tumoral cells) reduced tumour growth by 58% and tumour weight by 76%. At the same dose COR reduced the number of lung nodules by 47.1%. In vitro experiments showed that COR incubated with the melanoma cell line reduced cell viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Diterpenic and sesquiterpenic fractions or reconstituted oil induced cytotoxicity. Our results shows that COR and its fractions have tumouricidal activity in the melanoma cell line in both models in vivo and in vitro.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro studies on the anticancer activity of Copaifera multijuga hayne and its fractions. 1459 85

Moraxella osloensis, a gram-negative bacterium that is saprophytic on skin and mucosa, rarely causes infections. Moreover, infections in patients with cancer have not been reported. We describe 10 cases of M. osloensis blood or catheter infections that occurred during anticancer chemotherapy with or without preexisting neutropenia. The organism was identified definitively by sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Fever (up to 39.7 degrees C) with substantial neutrophilia characterized these infections. The infections were monomicrobic for 3 patients and polymicrobic for 7 patients. Nine patients acquired the infection through central venous catheter colonization. The likely sources of the organism were sinusitis (3 cases), bronchitis (1 case), presumed subclinical mucositis from anticancer therapy (4 cases), and cutaneous graft-vs-host disease (2 cases). The infections resolved, without catheter removal, after antibiotic therapy with cell wall-active agents, to which all strains were shown to be susceptible. The M. osloensis strains exhibited significant morphologic variations on gram stain, and sheep blood agar was the preferred culture medium for 9 strains.
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PMID:Moraxella osloensis blood and catheter infections during anticancer chemotherapy: clinical and microbiologic studies of 10 cases. 1508 Mar 11

Poor respiratory function and obesity are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Obese persons may also have impaired lung function, but the mechanism is unclear. The authors investigated the relation between abdominal pattern of obesity and respiratory function in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort in Norfolk, United Kingdom. This analysis included 9,674 men and 11,876 women aged 45-79 years with no known preexisting serious illness who had complete anthropometric and respiratory function measures obtained at a health visit between 1993 and 1997. Waist:hip ratio was used to assess abdominal obesity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), obtained by spirometry, were used to assess respiratory function. Both FEV1 and FVC were linearly and inversely related across the entire range of waist:hip ratio in both men and women. This relation persisted after adjustment for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, social class, physical activity index, prevalent bronchitis/emphysema, and prevalent asthma. The association remained significant among nonobese nonsmokers without preexisting respiratory disease. In the general adult population, abdominal fat deposition may play a role in the impairment of respiratory function among the abdominally obese.
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PMID:Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk Study, United Kingdom. 1519 31

Some dysplasias in the bronchial epithelium are thought to be precancerous lesions that can develop into squamous cell carcinomas. In this investigation, we assessed the biological behavior of bronchial squamous dysplasia in order to define which dysplasias have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Using autofluorescence bronchoscopy, we followed up periodically localized dysplasias and examined for correlation between histological outcome and smoking status during the follow-up period, telomerase activity, Ki-67 labeling index, and p53 immunoreactivity of initial biopsy specimens. Ninety-nine dysplasias from 50 participants mainly with sputum cytology suspicious or positive for malignancy were followed up. Of 99 dysplasias, 3 dysplasias progressed to squamous cell carcinoma, 41 dysplasias remained as dysplasia, 6 dysplasias changed to metaplasia, 14 dysplasias changed to hyperplasia, and 35 dysplasias regressed to bronchitis or normal bronchial epithelium. There were no significant associations between histological outcome and smoking status. Mean initial telomerase activity and Ki-67 labeling index values in the dysplasias increased in proportion to the severity of the histological outcome at the second biopsy. There was also a significant difference between p53-positive and p53-negative dysplasia in terms of histological outcome at the second biopsy. Our results suggested that dysplasias with high telomerase activity, increased Ki-67 labeling index, and p53-positivity tended to remain as dysplasia and might have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with dysplastic lesions with these characteristics should be carefully followed up.
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PMID:Biological features of bronchial squamous dysplasia followed up by autofluorescence bronchoscopy. 1589 14

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy is an important tool for the early detection of preinvasive bronchial lesions. However, autofluorescence bronchoscopy has difficulty distinguishing between preinvasive lesions and other benign epithelial changes. A new autofluorescence imaging bronchovideoscope system (AFI) comprises three signals, including an autofluorescence (460-690 nm) on excitation blue light (395-445 nm) and two different bands of reflected light: G' (550 nm) and R' (610 nm). We hypothesized that color analyses of these three wave lengths would improve our ability to differentiate between inflammation and preinvasive lesions. In order to prove this hypothesis and to evaluate the efficacy of AFI for detecting preinvasive lesions, we conducted a prospective study. A total of 32 patients with suspected or known lung cancer were entered into this study. Conventional white light bronchovideoscopy (WLB) and light induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE) were performed prior to using AFI. WLB and LIFE detected 62 lesions, including lung cancers (n=2), squamous dysplasias (n=30), and bronchitis (n=30). By utilizing AFI, 24 dysplasias and 2 cancer lesions were magenta in color, while 25 bronchitis lesions were blue. The sensitivities of detecting dysplasia by LIFE and AFI were 96.7% and 80%, respectively. The specificity of AFI (83.3%) was significantly higher than that of LIFE (36.6%) (p=0.0005). We conclude that AFI appears to represent a significant advance in distinguishing preinvasive and malignant lesions from bronchitis or hyperplasia under circumstances where LIFE would identify these all as abnormal lesions.
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PMID:Effective detection of bronchial preinvasive lesions by a new autofluorescence imaging bronchovideoscope system. 1589 98

Hemoptysis is the spitting of blood that originated in the lungs or bronchial tubes. The patient's history should help determine the amount of blood and differentiate between hemoptysis, pseudohemoptysis, and hematemesis. A focused physical examination can lead to the diagnosis in most cases. In children, lower respiratory tract infection and foreign body aspiration are common causes. In adults, bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, and pneumonia are the major causes. Chest radiographs often aid in diagnosis and assist in using two complementary diagnostic procedures, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and high-resolution computed tomography, which are useful in difficult cases and when malignancy is suspected. The goals of management are threefold: bleeding cessation, aspiration prevention, and treatment of the underlying cause. Mild hemoptysis often is caused by an infection that can be managed on an outpatient basis with dose monitoring. If hemoptysis persists, consulting with a pulmonologist should be considered. Patients with risk factors for malignancy or recurrent hemoptysis also require further evaluation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy or high-resolution computed tomography. In up to 34 percent of patients, no cause of hemoptysis can be found.
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PMID:Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management. 1622 28

Cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in development, tissue repair, and normal cellular homeostasis. Aberrant expression or signaling patterns of these kinases has also been linked to the progression of a diversity of diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, asthma, and fibrosis. Two major families of receptor tyrosine kinases, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) families, have received a great deal of attention as potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary diseases, as these receptors have been shown to play key roles in chronic tissue remodeling in asthma, bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. The EGFR system on epithelial cells and underlying mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells) drives numerous phenotypic changes during the progression of these pulmonary diseases, including epithelial cell mucous cell metaplasia and mesenchymal cell hyperplasia, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. The PDGFR system, located primarily on mesenchymal cells, transduces signals for cell survival, growth and chemotaxis. The variety of EGFR and PDGFR ligands produced by the airway epithelium or adjacent mesenchymal cells allows for intimate epithelial-mesenchymal cell communication. A full understanding of the complex mechanisms involving these receptors and ligands should lead to therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a wide range of fibroproliferative lung diseases.
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PMID:EGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases as therapeutic targets for chronic lung diseases. 1690 Jun 64

The global social, political and health emergency presented by the human immunodeficiency virus and the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has also once again propelled tuberculosis (TB) into a global public health emergency. The examples I will use to show how activism and social mobilisation can assist in overcoming TB are primarily from my home country, South Africa. Despite significant differences in health systems, culture, politics and history, there are lessons that could be used to advocate for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care globally. Our country experiences globally significant HIV and TB epidemics. I will return to the epidemiology of TB-HIV and the crisis of illness and death. Early in April 2005, one of my closest friends, Ronald Louw, a professor of law at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, a human rights lawyer and activist for more than 25 years, suffered a persistent fever and cough. While on sabbatical, he was taking care of his mother who had been diagnosed with cancer. He assumed his illness was stress-related and went to a doctor who diagnosed bronchitis. After 4 weeks' treatment with antibiotics, his illness was worse-he had a raging fever, night sweats and was becoming disoriented. He requested an HIV test. Within 24 hours Ronald Louw knew that he had been infected with HIV. His mother died on the same day. He also knew within 24 hours that his CD4 count was below 100. They could not diagnose his lung disease and concluded that it was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Four weeks later his doctors diagnosed TB through a lung biopsy. Ronald Louw had been desperately sick under medical care with TB and HIV for more than 8 weeks. He died 3 days after receiving a definitive TB diagnosis, and a week after treatment for presumptive TB had commenced.
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PMID:Science and social justice: the lessons of HIV/AIDS activism in the struggle to eradicate tuberculosis. 1716 44

The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of false-positive results for tumor markers after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen and/or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were periodically assessed for 168 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. Cancer recurrence was observed for 17 (10.1%) patients and 151 (89.9%) were disease-free during the mean follow-up period of 23.1 months after the operation. The frequency of false-positive findings for tumor markers after gastrectomy was 14.3% (24/168) for all followed-up patients. Three different patterns of marker elevation were observed in the false-positive group. A false-positive finding for these markers was observed for patients with early-stage cancer and for those with chronic benign diseases, for example bronchitis, liver dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and renal dysfunction. For most patients with false-positive findings for a marker a spontaneous decrease in the tumor marker was observed 1-2 months after the marker was first observed at a high level after the operation. Surgeons and oncologists should therefore keep in mind the high frequency of false-positive findings for tumor markers after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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PMID:False-positive findings for tumor markers after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. 1747 95

The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual diagnostic utility of tumour and inflammatory markers in patients with different pulmonary diseases. The usefulness of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), serum pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) and CYFRA 21-1, as tumour markers, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) as inflammatory markers for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with different pulmonary afflictions was investigated. Eighty healthy individuals were also included. Serum samples were also obtained from 20 patients suffering from bronchitis, 20 with lung fibrosis and 30 with sarcoidosis. Moreover, serum marker levels were analyzed in 139 patients with different pulmonary malignancies: 29 patients with adenocarcinoma, 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 80 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All tumour markers showed significantly elevated values in malignant diseases. The levels of ProGRP in patients with benign diseases were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (35.4 +/- 6.6 compared with 21.3 +/- 9.2 pg/ml respectively). The serum ProGRP levels were elevated in SCLC patients (1673.9 +/- 706 pg/ml). The elevation was significantly higher than that of the benign reference group. The acute phase response had a wide range in patients with malignant tumours. Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with SCLC (38.5 +/- 7.6 mg/dl) than in the benign reference group. In conclusion, when serum tumour markers are abnormally elevated in patients with lung cancer, CEA, CYFRA 21-1, NSE and ProGRP are useful clinical markers, good indicators of disease extent and may have important prognostic value. In particular, NSE and ProGRP have a very high sensitivity for SCLC detection.
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PMID:Value of tumour and inflammatory markers in lung cancer. 1764 94


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