Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0149514 (bronchitis)
 6,902 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corticosteroids have been recognized as useful in the management of asthma for the past 35 years. Controversy remains as to their precise indications, dosage, and optimal methods of administration. Only recently has objective evidence been presented confirming their usefulness in acute severe attacks and status asthmaticus. In the treatment of the latter, high doses of methylprednisolone (125 mg every 6 hours) has been shown to be more effective than lower doses. The corticosteroids are also useful diagnostically to determine reversibility of airway obstruction in the bronchitis-emphysema syndrome. To prevent adrenal insufficiency, they are mandatory for patients previously receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy who are undergoing stress (e.g., surgery). Indications for chronic severe asthma are the least well established. Patients with severe incapacitating asthma uncontrolled by bronchodilators or cromolyn should be considered candidates for corticosteroid therapy. When long-term therapy is necessary, aerosolized corticosteroids or alternate-day therapy are preferable to daily dosing. Regardless of the route used, it is advisable to limit the use of these agents to patients who clearly require them and to take all precautions to minimize side effects. Neither method, especially when higher doses are used, obviates possible development of serious complications.
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PMID:Overview of corticosteroid therapy. 401 59

Licorice, the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata, is used by practitioners of alternative medicine to treat individuals with gastric or duodenal ulcers, bronchitis, cough, arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, and allergies. We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of 4 licorice extracts: extracts of roasted licorice obtained by ethanol (rLE) or water extraction (rLW) and extracts of raw licorice obtained by ethanol (LE) or water extraction (LW). rLE demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity through its ability to reduce nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production in the LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell, RAW264.7. It also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD14 expression on the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further study indicated that LPS-induced degradation and phosphorylation of Ikappa-Balpha, along with DNA-binding of NF-kappaB, was significantly inhibited by rLE exposure in RAW264.7 cells. In the murine model, we found that in vivo exposure to rLE-induced an increase in the survival rate, reduced plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and increased IL-10 production in LPS-treated mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the use of rLE may be a useful therapeutic approach to various inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory effect of roasted licorice extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. 1671 55