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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new visual acuity testing device is able to determine a specific visual acuity of the retina even in the presence of opacities of the ocular media, such as a cataract. This is achieved by forming two spatially coherent, quasimonochromatic point sources near the nodal point of the eye. The two spherical waves that emanate from the point sources interact to produce a pattern of stripes on the retina. The intensity of the pattern is easily varied. More importantly, the pattern can be projected over different-sized retinal areas corresponding to visual fields of 0.5 to 15 degrees in diameter. The device may be useful for vision research and preoperative assessments of visual potential.
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PMID:A new test of visual acuity using a holographic phase grating and a laser. 42 97

The usefulness of alfentanil for eye surgery, when combined with either vecuronium or pancuronium, was evaluated in 44 fit anticholinergized patients. Following thiopentone, four min after the administration of the relaxant (0.1 mg/kg), and two min after the administration of alfentanil (15 micrograms/kg), a sixth of the patients bucked on introducing the endotracheal tube. The anesthesia for cataract extraction was maintained using alfentanil-relaxant-N2O in 18 patients. In 16 of them, a low dose alfentanil regimen, occasionally supplemented with thiopentone, was satisfactory, and the recovery of alertness was rapid. In 26 patients, alfentanil, 25 micrograms/kg, supplemented with isoflurane, efficiently obtunded the hemodynamic response after traction of extrinsic eye muscles at the commencement of major surgery. The patients receiving vecuronium presented with lower heart rates, than did those receiving pancuronium (P < 0.05). During major operations, nodal rhythm was more frequent in the vecuronium group, than in the pancuronium group (P < 0.0001).
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PMID:Alfentanil combined with vecuronium or pancuronium for use in eye surgery. 136 67

From a clinico-anatomical point of view the implantation of IOLs with reversed optics approximates natural conditions and has many advantages. The distance between the endothelium or the pigment epithelium of the iris and the front surface of the lens is greater. The refracting surface of the lens is nearer to the nodal point and aniseikonia is reduced. However, it is still not known whether YAG laser treatment to open the posterior capsule is possible under these conditions. The present authors used the pulsed OPL3 neodymium-YAG laser ( Meditec ) to treat 45 eyes for secondary opacification of an intact posterior capsule after planned extracapsular cataract extraction. (A: 15 eyes with reversed-optic IOLs, B: 15 eyes with other types of IOL, C: 15 eyes with extracapsular aphakia). After performing a central capsulotomy with a mean of 44 shots, visual acuity increased immediately (mean improvement in visual acuity determined before and one week after YAG laser treatment - A:6 Snellen lines, B: 3 Snellen lines, C: 5 Snellen lines). In no eye was the post-laser visual acuity lower than before laser treatment. Even though the eyes were treated prophylactically with timolol 0.25% for 3 days, intraocular pressure - measured on the first postoperative day - increased insignificantly (mean: A: 1 mmHg, B and C: 2 mmHg). In 9 cases a mild iritis was observed, while 2 eyes had a hemorrhage of the iris vessels. Symptoms resolved within five days after laser treatment in all cases. The study demonstrates that Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy can be performed in patients with reversed optic IOLs without any disadvantage as compared to other types of IOL.
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PMID:[Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy in intraocular lenses with reversed optics]. 672 29

Implantation of intraocular lenses has become the standard of care in the aphakic state. Ideally, the lens is placed in the capsular bag, which affords stable fixation at a position closest to the nodal point of the eye. However, there will always be instances where this will not be possible. Congenital weakness of the lens zonules in various conditions, trauma, and surgical complications of cataract surgery are just some examples. In this article, we review the methods that have been devised to allow intraocular lens implantation in the absence of capsular or zonular support. These include anterior chamber angle and iris-fixated lenses, as well as posterior chamber iris- and scleral-sutured lenses. The various lenses are described, and the techniques involved, advantages and disadvantages, complications, and results of each method are discussed. It is hoped that this article will provide a comprehensive overview of ways to deal with a problem that can still result in a very good visual outcome for the patient. This is particularly relevant given the many recent developments and refinements of methods in implanting intraocular lenses.
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PMID:Techniques of intraocular lens suspension in the absence of capsular/zonular support. 1664 69