Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and electro-neurographic examinations were carried out in 54 patients aged 21-67 years (mean = 41.8) with IDDM of at least 10-year duration, and 25 subjects aged 19-62 years (mean = 39.0) as a control group. The aim of the study was the determination of: 1) the frequency of polyneuropathy appearance in patients with IDDM of at least 10-year duration; 2) the usefulness of electroneurography for detection of subclinical impairment of peripheral nervous system in diabetics; 3) the characterization of electro-neurographic abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy; 4) the influence of diabetes duration and metabolic control on severity of peripheral nerves affection; 5) the relationship between polyneuropathy and retinopathy, nephropathy and cataract occurrence in diabetic patients. Polyneuropathy was diagnosed--clinically in 67% of patients, electro-neurographically in 85% of patients. The neurographic study proved high sensitivity for detection of subclinical affection of peripheral nerves in diabetics. The electro-neurographic abnormalities appeared more frequently and were more considerable in the group of patients with clinical polyneuropathy. Frequency of the sensory and motor nerve fibres involvement was similar. The electroneurographical abnormalities corresponded with the features of mixed--axonal and demyelinating type of neuropathy. It was disclosed that the degree of neurographical changes did not depend on duration and severity of hyperglycemia in late period of the disease. A moderate relationship between occurrence of polyneuropathy and retinopathy, nephropathy as well as diabetic cataract was revealed.
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PMID:[Clinical and electroneurographic changes in the peripheral nervous system of patients with chronic insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM)]. 750 45

On the whole, diabetic microangiopathy can be understood as the clinical renal-retinal syndrome. About 10% of all diabetics die of end-stage renal failure, more frequent in IDDM. With an incidence of 14% diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of blindness in adulthood. In the non-proliferative state, the pathological changes are limited to the retina, whereas the alterations affect both retina and vitreous in the proliferative state. Photocoagulation is the treatment of choice. If photocoagulatory treatment is not possible because of cataract, vitreous surgery (pars-plana vitrectomy) could improve visual prognosis. The clinical features hypertension, proteinuria and finally renal failure define the term "diabetic nephropathy". The increased intraglomerular pressure is the main pathological alteration of incipient nephropathy. Microalbuminuria essentially determines the prognosis: in IDDM it concerns the incidence of a manifest nephropathy, in NIDDM the excessively increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Sonographically, the kidneys are large with bright and wide parenchyma. Along with the development of end-stage renal disease the kidney size diminishes. According to Mogensen, nephropathy is divided into five stages: Stage 1, the early stage, is defined by hypertrophy and hyperfiltration. Stage 2 shows incipient structural changes without any clinical findings. Stage 3 is characterised by persistent microalbuminuria. Stage 4 leads to increasing renal failure and stage 5 to end-stage renal disease and the necessity of dialysis treatment. Incipient nephropathy demands a strict treatment of both hypertension and diabetes. In the meantime, ACE inhibitors are the treatment of choice. In case of dialysis treatment continuous ambulant peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is usually preferred.
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PMID:[Diabetic microangiopathy]. 847 38

There has been recent interest in the progression of diabetic retinopathy following extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) especially with vitreous loss. It is well known that diabetic retinopathy progresses after intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) but was thought to be less common after ECCE. We present 7 patients with symmetrical non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy who underwent ECCE with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. These patients ranged in age from 56 to 69 years; 2 were insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) and 5 non-IDDMs. Rubeosis iridis developed quickly between post-operative outpatient visits despite good diabetic control and a static retinal picture in the fellow eye. Visual loss following the onset of rubeosis was severe, with 3 patients needing cyclocryotherapy and eventually having no perception of light. The rapid onset of rubeosis between post-operative outpatient visits leads us to suggest much shorter periods between reviews than is current practice and the consideration of routine panretinal photocoagulation in the immediate post-operative period in diabetics with worsening retinopathy after ECCE and IOL. Possible causes of the increase in neovascularisation and rubeosis are discussed. The most important message highlighted by these case histories is that the surgery and follow-up of diabetic patients undergoing surgery should be undertaken by an ophthalmologist with an interest in diabetes. Where there is no recognised diabetic retinal specialist in a unit, then early referral to such an ophthalmologist is recommended when complications arise.
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PMID:Progression of diabetic retinopathy and rubeotic glaucoma following cataract surgery. 884 40

Eye lens cataract can develop by various mechanisms the details of which are not completely known. Increased level of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus represents one of the factors accelerating cataract development. As the lens does not depend on insulin, cataract formation is induced by hyperglycaemia both in IDDM and NIDDM patients. Glucose attacks free aminogroups of proteins and glycation products are formed by multistep non-enzymatic reactions. We can discriminate early and late products. The latter are often called as advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). They can accumulate inside the lens and interfere with its optical properties. With regard to the fact that glycation reactions are accompanied by autooxidation reactions, the overall process is usually referred to as glycoxidation. Free radical oxidations of membrane lipids give similar products as do glycation reactions, and there is synergy between these two pathways. Development of eye cataract is accompanied by a decrease in lens antioxidant capacity. A new class of glycation inhibitors has been observed recently. They are called Amadorins and they have therapeutic potential in the cataract treatment.
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PMID:[Role of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidative stress on the development of complicated diabetic cataracts]. 1095 2

A 14-year-old girl presented with cataract as an initial sign of IDDM. Before the diagnosis of DM, she showed no acute symptoms, including ketoacidosis. Retrospectively, there had been faint signs of polyuria, polydipsia, and nycturia. Diabetic cataract is a rare complication in young diabetics and is usually associated with long-standing DM and poor metabolic control. Previous cases have a striking resemblance to our patient, thus suggesting that a small group of young diabetics have weak symptoms, but are nevertheless at great risk of developing diabetic complications.
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PMID:[Cataract--an initial symptom of diabetes mellitus in a 14-year old girl]. 1160 Nov 24