Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 25 eyes with nuclear cataract, 18 eyes with posterior subcapsular cataract, 25 eyes with cortical cataract, and 23 eyes without any pathological lens changes, the maximal fluorescence intensity was determined after excitation with monochromatic light at 365 nm, 405 nm, 436 nm, and 485 nm. The coefficient of variation was smaller than 5%. All eyes with cataract underwent cataract surgery a few days after the fluorescence measurements. The fluorescence spectrometer, especially constructed for in vivo measurements, consists of a modified slit lamp (Zeiss 75 SL) and an optical multichannel analyser (OMA) for gauging the data. The clinical trial was undertaken to determine whether, considering the influence of age, there is a difference between the fluorescence intensities in eyes with the above named cataracts and noncataractous eyes. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of age upon fluorescence intensity for all excitation wavelengths in both cataractous and noncataractous eyes. Age had an influence on the fluorescence intensities for all four excitation wavelengths. Assuming that the influence of age was not dependent on the state of the lens, it was quantified for all measurements and an "age-corrected" fluorescence intensity was calculated. The statistical analyses of these "age-corrected" fluorescence intensities revealed a significant difference (P < 0.001) for all of the types of cataracts examined and for normal eyes. The cataract types examined and the normal eyes showed differences in their fluorescence feature. To assess the fluorescence intensities obtained after excitation with the wavelengths mentioned above, one must take into consideration the influence of age on the measurements.
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PMID:[In vivo autofluorescence. Measurements of human crystalline lenses with cataract and normal findings after excitation with monochromatic light]. 130 99

1-[(2s)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline (captopril), an antihypertensive and free radical scavenger, protected the rabbit lens from peroxidative and oxidative damage induced by 1 mM diquat in vitro. To evaluate the anticataract efficacy of captopril, an experimental group of five rabbits was treated with topical captopril (1% in 0.15 M NaCl, w/v), and 50 microliters was instilled onto both eyes four times a day for a total of 8 weeks. Following the same procedure, the eyes of five rabbits were treated with topical 0.15 M NaCl as a control for captopril treatment. At the end of the first week of treatment, a single intravitreal dose of 120 nmole diquat in 30 microliters of 0.15 M NaCl was injected into the right eye of each rabbit of both the groups. As a control for intravitreal diquat injection, the left eye of all the rabbits were injected with the diluent, 30 microliters per eye. The intravitreal diquat or its diluent injection was only for one time. From slit-lamp biomicroscopic observation of the diquat-injected right eyes, the anticataract effect of captopril in the treatment group was indicated by the finding that in four of five rabbits the cataract did not advance; whereas in four of five rabbits treated with the diluent the cataract progressed to grade 3. The lenses in the diluent-injected control left eyes of the rabbits treated with the captopril or diluent were normal. However, since the number of animals used for the in vivo studies was few, further confirmation of the anticataract effect of captopril is necessary. In diquat-injected right eyes of animals treated with captopril, the integrated rate of O2- production was about 50% less (p less than .001) in the aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and lens, compared with O2-, 33.49 +/- 2.26 microM (mean +/- SEM) in the aqueous humor, 17.12 +/- 0.75 microM in the vitreous humor, and 31.44 +/- 1.29 nmole/g wet weight in the lens of the diquat-injected right eyes treated with the diluent. Similar significant (p less than .01) differences in the production of .OH and H2O2 in eye tissues were also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Antioxidant and anticataractogenic effects of topical captopril in diquat-induced cataract in rabbits. 131 9

Effects of anticoagulant or fibrinolytic therapy on anterior chamber fibrin following cataract surgery was evaluated. In one series of experiment, various amounts of antithrombin III (ATIII), an anticoagulant, were injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye immediately after phacoemulsification of the lens. In another series, various amounts of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), a fibrinolytic agent, were injected into the anterior chamber 24 hours after phacoemulsification when it was filled with fibrin. The extent of the fibrin clot was graded using a slit lamp microscope, and the aqueous flare intensity was determined with a laser cell-flare meter for 2 weeks after operation. The eyes treated with TPA was also examined with light and electron microscopy. ATIII showed an inhibitory effect on fibrin formation, but complete inhibition was not obtained even with the highest concentration used. In contrast, the fibrin clot was completely resolved even with the lowest dose of TPA used, while no side effect such as inflammation or bleeding was seen. Histological examinations revealed no pathological changes in eyes treated with TPA. TPA may be a promising agent for fibrin resolution after cataract surgery.
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PMID:[Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapies for anterior chamber fibrin following cataract surgery in the rabbit eye]. 144 47

Two pseudophakic patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens implants and intact posterior capsules underwent indirect laser photocoagulation during their immediate postoperative period (24 and 72 hours postoperatively, respectively). Laser treatment was indicated for a retinal break noted after vitrectomy and scleral buckling in one patient and after peribulbar perforation during cataract extraction in the other patient. Ocular media were hazy because of vitreous haze and hemorrhage in both eyes and higher power laser settings were required to produce adequate chorioretinal burns during photocoagulation. Inadvertent large posterior capsulotomy as a complication was noted in both eyes. High-power settings and hazy ocular media are risk factors toward this complication. We recommend that slit-lamp examination be performed before, during, and after indirect laser treatment, especially when higher power settings are required.
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PMID:Posterior capsulotomy as a complication of indirect laser photocoagulation. 144 23

The Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II) utilizes photographic standards (two retroilluminated Neitz-CTR and one standard slit lamp Zeiss photographs) for the classification of cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts, nuclear color and nuclear opalescence. However, dedicated photographic devices, particularly retroillumination cameras, are not always available and this study was aimed at evaluating the suitability of a retroillumination photographic technique with a standard slit lamp camera for cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract classification according to LOCS II. Two observers examined 273 eyes. Kappa statistics demonstrated that agreement between the standard slit lamp, clinical grading (according to published LOCS II methodology) and photographic grading (according to our photographic technique), as well as inter- and intraobserver reproducibility, were excellent (Kappa > 0.74) for the classification of all lenticular regions. The results indicate that a standard slit lamp camera can be as useful as a dedicated retroillumination camera when LOCS II standards are used for cataract classification.
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PMID:Suitability of slit lamp retroillumination photographs for classifying cataracts according to 'Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II)'. 145 28

Lens opacification of the Ihara hereditary cataract rat (ICR/1 rat) was followed up with slit lamp biomicroscopy and photography up to 1 year after birth. The development of lens opacities was first recognized in the anterior superficial cortex of the equatorial region between 30 and 44 days of age. It progressed to maturity around 93-107 days after birth. Cataract development was classified into six stages. The increase of lens weight indicated a continuous lens growth after birth which seemingly even continued after the occurrence of lens opacities. After around 60 days of age, the lens showed a continuous increase of water content, suggesting a participation of increased water content in lens opacification.
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PMID:Age-related cataract in the hereditary cataract rat (ICR/1): development and classification. 147 73

Prior to extracapsular cataract extraction, it is useful to have an indication of the nuclear hardness by means of slit-lamp microscopy. Using a fine conical probe and a miniature dynamometer, the resistance to penetration (hardness) of different colored lenses and different forms of 'senile' cataract was measured exactly. In cataracts with gray, brown, or black nucleus and sometimes a clear cortex or deep supranuclear, subcapsular or intumescent cortical opacities, distinct hardening of the nucleus was found, which reached values 3-4 times higher than in clear lenses of 80 year olds. Increasing pathological brown or black coloration of the lens nucleus is related to maximum hardness; on the other hand, maximum hardening was not restricted to brown or black coloration. In some cases we only found brownish or grayish coloration in the lens nucleus that had reached maximum hardness. We found the consistency of clear nuclei of deep supranuclear and subcapsular cortical cataracts to be the same values as those of clear lenses with clear nuclei of the same age.
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PMID:The significance of brown coloration with regard to lens nuclear hardness in the case of extracapsular lens extraction. 148 25

In a prospective study we used the change of central and peripheral (12 o'clock-position) corneal thickness (CT) after no-stitch small incision cataract surgery as a parameter of tissue traumatisation (33 eyes) and compared the values to a series of cases (32 eyes) with conventional 3.5 mm scleral step incision. In both groups the peripheral measurements showed a higher increase in corneal thickness than the central. After 1 month all eyes regained their central preoperative thickness. Increase in corneal thickness (delta CTc, delta CTp) after the different postoperative periods were correlated. The values of the central cornea showed no significant difference between the two groups. 1, 7 and 30 days after surgery the increase of peripheral CT was significantly higher in the no-stitch group. This fact was underlined by the clinical aspect at the slit lamp and is due to the anatomical and surgical characteristic of this procedure. One month postoperatively there was no increased endothelial cell loss in the no-stitch group (3%). No-stitch cataract surgery surgery provides a lot of intra- and postoperative advantages. The problem of increased swelling of the peripheral corneal entry seems to be a secondary one as corneal thickness decreases with time. Concerning the prospective endothelial cell loss it is mandatory to study the long term results.
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PMID:Endothelial cell density and corneal pachometry after no-stitch, small-incision cataract surgery. 148 72

Using adult albino rabbits, the clinical course of lens opacity and morphological changes of lens epithelial cells were observed from 2 weeks to 3 months after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Simple vitrectomy was performed in both rabbit eyes. One eye with silicone oil injection served as an experimental eye, while another control eye did not receive any injection. Seven examined eyes showed early posterior subcapsular lens opacity from one month after silicone oil injection by slit-lamp microscopy. Small intracellular vacuoles near to the interdigitation of the lens epithelial cells were observed in the 7 eyes from 2 weeks after the procedure by transmission electron microscopy. These changes were not observed in 7 control eyes. As a result, it is surmised that cataract formation after intravitreal silicone oil injection may be associated with morphological changes of the lens epithelial cells.
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PMID:[Changes in rabbit lens epithelial cells after intravitreal silicone oil injection]. 150 83

The naphthalene-induced cataract in rats has been studied for many years as a possible model of human aging-related cataract. While the molecular mechanism of this cataract is unclear, it has recently been demonstrated that the aldose reductase inhibitor ALO1576 can prevent lens opacification in this system. The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular basis for the effects of naphthalene on the lens and the role of pigmentation in the cataractogenic mechanism. Cataracts were induced in five strains of rats (two pigmented, three albino) by oral administration of naphthalene. Initial lens changes were observed after 1 week by slit-lamp; by 3 weeks a distinct shell-like opacity was present in the deep cortex. Little difference in the course of opacification was found between the pigmented and albino strains. Major biochemical effects were a decrease of 20-30% in glutathione (GSH) by 1 week of feeding, disulfide cross-linking of lens proteins present by 3 weeks, and a nearly 20-fold increase in the content of protein-GSH mixed disulfide. No effect was seen in the ability of the affected lenses to accumulate activity [3H]choline or 86Rb from the medium in organ culture nor in the activity of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase. ALO1576 (10 mg kg-1 day-1) completely prevented all morphological and biochemical changes in the lenses of the naphthalene-fed rats in both pigmented and non-pigmented strains. These results indicate that pigmentation is not required for induction of naphthalene cataract in rats. Naphthalene dihydrodiol was found in the aqueous humor and lens of naphthalene-fed rats. It is proposed that naphthalene dihydrodiol produced in the liver reaches the aqueous humor and penetrates the lens where it is further metabolized ultimately to form the toxic species, naphthoquinone.
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PMID:The possible mechanism of naphthalene cataract in rat and its prevention by an aldose reductase inhibitor (ALO1576). 154 42


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