Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vivo animal experiments were performed to study the cataractogenic effects of high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound. A series of anesthetized rabbits was insonified with quantified exposures of ultrasound using a 9.8 MHz focused ultrasonic beam. Ophthalmoscopic and slit lamp examinations revealed small haze cataracts as the first stage of lenticular damage. Larger exposures produced totally opaque cataracts. These first appeared as fine white threads surrounded by haze cataracts. The intensity-exposure time conjugates required to produce haze cataracts were determined over times ranging from 35 msec to 5 sec. At short times (under 100 msec) a relatively constant amount of energy was needed for cataract production. At longer times, the requried energy progressively increased. This observation, together with the physical appearance of these cataracts, suggests that those lesions are the result of thermal phenomena.
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PMID:Experimental cataract production by high frequency ultrasound. 67 71

266 eyes were examined by the slit lamp 24 hours after uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction. An unexpectedly high incidence of 15% macroscopic hypopyons was found with a further 13% showing a trace. Possible aetiological irritative factors were investigated by individual exclusion, but did not materially alter the incidence. All the hypopyons spontaneously and rapidly regressed without specific treatment. The suggested explanation of hypopyon production is that operative plasmoid aqueous production, inflammatory reaction, and hyphaema, coupled with early mobilisation, allow gravitational sedimenting out of blood constituents, so that white cells will fall late, forming a layer above other blood constituents.
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PMID:Early postoperative sterile hypopyons. 67 1

Starting with 4 probands, our study for the early detection of heterozygotes enabled us to investigate a family suffering from myotonic dystrophy, through 8 generations. Out of 274 family members, 209 are still living, 101 of whom were examined by us personally. We discovered, in all, 12 patients with Steinert's disease (one of which was a childhood case), 14 with a "forme fruste" (two of which were infantile cases) and 2 patients with only a myotonic cataract. The clinical picture varied a great deal amongst the patients, but showed in general a rather benign evolution. With respect to diagnostic methods, most of the 24 secondary cases were detected through clinical examination preceded by a good case history (6 out of the 8 classical forms, and all the 14 "formes frustes"). Slit lamp examination was indispensable for the recognition of the first changes in the lenses of two young adults and, likewise, for the detection of two isolated myotonic cataracts. The electromyography showed characteristic anomalies in 3 patients; in addition, non-specific alterations existed in 3 other patients who showed only slight signs of the disease. Neither the gammaglobulins nor the ABH secretion factors were of any diagnostic aid in this family. Our investigation is relevant in the context of the prevention of hereditary conditions, in particular Steinert's disease. Indeed, owing to the early recognition of the heterozygotes, an adequate genetic prognosis can be given in due time to the family members at risk.
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PMID:[Screening for heterozygotes in a large family suffering from Steinert's disease with varying clinical manifestations (author's transl)]. 73 61

A 10-yr-old partially sighted, one-eyed patient with 10/200 distance acuity and no experience in using an optical aid was able to read successfully by using a 10 x Selsi telescope with a + 3.50 D reading cap, an easel to hold in material upright and free his hands to hold the telescope and write, and a high-intensity desk lamp to provide adequate retinal illiumination through a congenital cataract.
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PMID:Reading with a 10X telescope. 74

The slit-lamp examination of the child's lens with cataract can yield useful prognostic signs, especially when this is supplemented by slit-image photography and measurement. A normal lens size for the subject's age is a good prognostic sign and is usually associated with a static cataract or with very slow deterioration in a developmental cataract. A small lens and absence of the anterior subcapsular clear zone are each associated with progressive cataract. Nuclear lamellar cataracts are shown to become smaller in diameter with time, which favours medical treatment with mydriasis.
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PMID:Cataract in childhood: photograph methods in assessment. 84 11

Although we have not changed the principles of our technique, increasing experience has made it possible to refine some details of the instrument set and the surgical technique. The electrical part of the vitreous stripper is safer, and a diathermy source for endodiathermy belonging to theinstrument set has been developed. Not only the slit lamp for the microscope, but also the fibre-optic illumination are in their final form. A new contract lens facilitates bimanual operation in the vitreous space. Progress in surgical technique has been made in the simultaneous extraction of the cataract in diabetic patients, in the extraction of non-magnetic foreign bodies, and in the combined vitreous-retinal detachment surgery.
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PMID:What is the present status of pars plana vitreous surgery in Zurich? 87 50

To determine the time relationships between hypotony, choroidal detachment, and shallowing of the anterior chamber, an initial 64 eyes closed with 7-0 black silk were studied with applanation tensions, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and slit lamp examinations before surgery and for six weeks after cataract extraction. Applanation tension less than 6 mm Hg was detected in 72% of eyes, choroidal detachment in 44%, and shallowing of the anterior chamber in 28%. Low intraocular pressure was always detected at the same time or before either choroidal detachment or shallow anterior chamber. The peak period when pressure dropped to less than 6 mm Hg was shortly before 12 to 14 day suture removal or the day after. Suture tract leakage appears to be the predominant mechanism triggering this hypotony. Hypotony is prolonged past the leakage period, probably by ciliary body detachment. This 7-0 silk closure group is compared with 53 eyes closed with 9-0 virgin silk and 45 eyes closed with 9-0 nylon. Both of these latter groups showed substantially lower incidences of hypotony, choroidal detachment, and shallowing of the anterior chamber.
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PMID:Delayed hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, and choroidal detachment in the postoperative cataract eye. A comparative study of closure with 7-0 silk, 9-0 silk, and 9-0 nylon. 87 18

The senile destructions of the vitreous body which can be seen with the slit-lamp (formation of visible fibres, vacuoles and posterior vitreous detachment) cause, if sufficiently advanced, small echoblips visible at echographic examination. We reexamined aphakic patients who had no complications during cataract cryo-extraction. In aphakic eyes without postoperative vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber the echograms usually consisted of uninterrupted series of small amplitude echoes in the vitreous area. In aphakic eyes with postoperative vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber echo-free parts were found in the vitreous area and also parts showing closer placing of vitreous echoes. The echo-free parts may represent fluid-filled vacuoles. In malignant aphakic glaucomas, which could not be controlled otherwise, we succeeded inaspirating aqueous humour from these echo-free parts by punction. Echography facilitated, in this way, the punction of the trapped aqueous. Echography of the senile vitreous destructions approaches the limits of present ultrasonographic facilities; artefacts may occur, and technical improvements are desirable and possible.
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PMID:[Echography of the vitreous body in case of aphakia and malignant aphakic glaucoma (author's transl)]. 96 83

Slit-lamp examination of the lens of 80 normal controls aged between 17 and 36 years has shown that the opacities are very common (91.5%). The total opacities count (TOC) varies between 0 and 109, with a mean value of 14.65 and a standard deviation of 18.43. The study of 10 families of myotonic dystrophy supports the value of such a test in early diagnosis of this condition. The value of the TOC in carrier detection of Lowe's syndrome and in the diagnosis of "formes frustes" of hereditary cataract is discussed. The possible application of this test in genetic counselling is stressed.
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PMID:[The importance of biomicroscopic examination of the lens in the detection of heterozygotes for certain hereditary diseases, in particular, myotonic dystrophy]. 100 75

In every type of beginning senile cataract the cortex of the lens measured with the slit lamp appears thinner than the normal lens cortex in the same age group. The decreased rate of fiber formation and of proteosynthesis precedes the first appearance of lens opacities.
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PMID:The thickness of the human lens cortex in the different types of senile cataract. 126 75


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