Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

266 consecutive in-patients, more than 10 years of age (mean age 24.7) and suffering from psoriasis have been examined with slit lamp and ophthalmoscope to determine the incidence of cataract among such patients. 188 (70%) had clear lenses. 66(26%) presented some minute punctate opacities considered as physiological variations. Four had blue-dot cataract, and 6 had congenital or evolutionary small opacities at various sites in the lenses but without blurring of vision. Only one patient, aged 72, had crystalline cataract with slightly impaired vision. The conclusion is drawn that the incidence of cataract among patients with psoriasis does not exceed that in the normal population. Consequently, routine eye examinations for cataract are unnecessary in these patients.
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PMID:Syndermatotic cataract in patients with psoriasis. 7 27

Anterior segment ischemia changes can occur without detachment of any muscles. The most common cause of such ischemic changes of the anterior segment is the removal of too many rectus muscles in one operation. Twenty dog eyes and eight monkey eyes were subjected to the disinsertion and detachment of various combinations of extraocular muscles. They were sacrificed at intervals from 30 to 90 days. During the observation period, they were observed for gross and slit lamp changes. The enucleated eyes were studied microscopically for signs of ischemic and necrotic changes. Two patients who were studied, observed, and treated for anterior segment ischemia following muscle surgery are described. The changes which occur after muscle surgery are extensive and include corneal edema, cataract, chemosis, corneal changes, decreases in intraocular pressure, decreases in outflow or glaucoma and frank necrosis. The variables which lead to this reaction is described in detail. Also, some unanswered queries, such as the duration of the reaction and the time interval of the reaction after multiple muscle surgeries, are discussed.
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PMID:Production of anterior segment ischemia. 10 21

The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of lens cataracts in hatchery trout fed diets containing white fish meal. After preliminary investigations, three experiments were conducted with fry of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that were fed practical-type diets containing either 40% herring meal (control diet) or 40% white fish meal with and without various mineral supplements. In all experiments, the trout fed herring meal grew well and had normal lenses. Those fed the diet containing white fish meal without supplement grew slowly and developed bilateral cataracts determined by using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. The severity of cataracts was increased by supplementing the diet with a mixture of minerals (phosphates and carbonates of calcium, sodium and potassium). Cataracts were prevented, however, with supplemental Na2EDTA or zinc but not by supplements of manganese, copper, iron or various other minerals. The metabolic alterations responsible for the zinc-deficiency cataract were not determined.
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PMID:Influence of dietary zinc on cataracts in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 10 82

An increase in corneal thickness occurs so regularly after cataract surgery as to be considered to be the rule. It reflects the state of endothelial activity and is therefore affected both by the preoperative condition of the endothelium and the degree of surgical manipulation. The question how quickly the endothelium can be expected to recover with consequent disappearance of corneal swelling is still open to discussion. The central corneal thickness of 55 eyes with normal slit-lamp endothelial appearance undergoing cataract surgery was measured preoperatively and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 42nd postoperative days. The initial corneal thickness was 0.56 mm. The greatest corneal swelling, found on the third postoperative day, was 16%. Corneal thickness returned to preoperative values in four eyes within 7 days, in 19 eyes within 14 days, in 39 eyes within 21 days, in 50 eyes within 28 days, and in all 55 eyes within 42 days. Corneal swelling, as measured on the third postoperative day, was greatest (19%) when chromic catgut was used, less (13-16%) when black silk 7/0 was used, and least (9%) when virgin silk 8/0 was used.
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PMID:Corneal thickness after cataract surgery. 27 74

Anterior segment ischemic changes can occur without detachment of any muscles. The most common cause of such ischemic changes of the anterior segment is the removal of too many rectus muscles in one operation. Twenty dog eyes and eight monkey eyes were subjected to the disinsertion and detachment of various combinations of extraocular muscles. The dogs were sacrificed at intervals from 30 to 90 days. During the observation period, they were observed for gross and slit-lamp changes. The enucleated eyes were studied microscopically for signs of ischemic and necrotic changes. Two patients who were studied, observed, and treated for anterior segment ischemia following muscle surgery are described. The changes which occur after extraocular muscle surgery are extensive and include corneal edema, cataract, chemosis, corneal changes, decreases in intraocular pressure, decreases in outflow or glaucoma, and frank necrosis. The variables which lead to this reaction are described in detail. Also, some unanswered queries, such as the duration of the reaction and the time interval of the reaction after multiple muscle operations are discussed.
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PMID:Production of anterior segment ischemia. 41 49

The authors have examined 27 patients who participate in the chronic haemodialysis programme. It was established that the hyperphosphataemia, the hypocalcaemia and the later hypercalcaemia which developed in consequence of the chronic renal insufficiency are the cause of the calcification of the cornea and of the conjunctiva. In order to pursue this process the slit-lamp examination is recommended as necessary and useful method. The authors consider frequent neither the existence of the "red eye" symptom nor the development of a cataract.
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic studies of chronic hemodialysis patients]. 45 37

Human lenses extracted for cataract 26 years after long-term exposure to an imperfectly shielded radium source were examined by slit-lamp photography, thin-section light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Anterior epithelial cells were fibroblast-like, and germinal epithelium and vacuolated cortical fibres had accumulated at the equator. A zone of light scatter at the anterior pole corresponded to an area of breakdown of cortical lens fibres, where unusual feathery fibres were orientated perpendicular to the lens surface. Two zones of light scatter separated by a 250-microM clear interval were seen in the posterior cortex. The zone at the posterior pole corresponded to an area of fibre liquefaction and large rounded membrane whorls, while the deeper zone comprised small flattened membrane whorls. The characteristic plaques of swollen abnormal cells described in previous histological studies of x-ray cataract were not present. This and other differences probably reflect the extremely long time course and repeated subliminal doses to which the patient was exposed.
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PMID:Influence of a prolonged period of low-dosage x-rays on the optic and ultrastructural appearances of cataract of the human lens. 46 19

Four patients, each of whom had had an uncomplicated cataract extraction, were examined because of an apparent epithelialization of the anterior chamber. In each instance, the diagnosis was later verified histopathologically. The involved eye was photographed with the clinical specular microscope and the endothelial photomicrographs were analyzed. It was noted that considerable endothelial cell loss had occurred, as evidence by the larger size of the remaining cells. Endothelial cells were present but they were grossly abnormal well below the demarcation line visible with the slit-lamp biomicroscope. These in vivo observations support the thesis that damage to the corneal endothelium is a necessary factor for epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber.
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PMID:Epithelialization of the anterior chamber: clinical investigation with the specular microscope. 48 8

Lens changes caused by injury to the anterior part of the lens were studied with Procion yellow as an extracellular tracer and by transmission electron microscopy at different time intervals after trauma. Both rats and rabbits were used. The findings were related to the slit-lamp appearance of the wounded lenses. In the rat lens a posterior subcapsular cataract developed within the first hour after trauma. Within 1 hr after injury the fluorescent tracer was seen at the wound but was also conspicuous at the posterior pole. Swelling of lens fiber cells and the formation of large syncytical aggregates were found as the posterior opacity enlarged. These changes reached the anterior subcapsular cortex via the equatorial cortex after about 1 month. In the rabbit lens a slight cellular swelling was seen in the subcapsular cortex. Only in one of 15 lenses a posterior subcapsular opacity developed after about 1 week in spite of a large wound. The uptake of Procion yellow was most prominent in the wound area and was never observed at the posterior pole. In both species, no further penetration of the dye occurred through the wound after the epithelium, by regeneration, had sealed the wound. The importance of epithelial wound sealing and that of a restored cellular barrier at the posterior pole are discussed as well as the significance of these factors in the cataract progression.
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PMID:Experimental traumatic cataract. II. A transmission electron microscopy and extracellular tracer study. 51 58

The vitreous body of both the healthy and the affected eyes of 25 patients suffering from unilateral acute anterior uveitis was examined by ultrasound, and the results were compared with the optical observations made on the affected eye. In 14 eyes the optical examination of the vitreous body was impossible either due to exudation in the anterior chamber or to posterior synechias of the iris or to cataract. In 17 eyes the vitreous body was acoustically highly inhomogeneous, in three eyes slightly inhomogeneous and in five eyes no acoustic changes due to exudation were found. In cases of acute anterior uveitis, ultrasound examination often provides more information than optical examination by slit lamp. Ultrasound can also be useful in the treatment and follow-up of the disease.
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PMID:Ultrasonic findings in the vitreous body in patients with acute anterior uveitis. 57


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