Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conditions of oxidative stress may lead to cataract formation. Reaction of certain flavoproteins, the NADH: oxidoreductases, with different quinones is well known to form hydrogen-peroxide. This reaction was investigated to get more information on cataract induction by naphthalene and its quinone metabolites. Protein extracts from bovine lens cortex exhibit "diaphorase" activity, indicated as dye reduction in the presence of NADH and dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) or ferricyanide. Different redox cycling compounds are shown to be active in this "diaphorase" reaction by lens protein extract (LCE): Oxygen consumption can be detected in the presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone and juglone whereas 1,4-naphthoquinone, menadione and paraquat are no redox cyclists in this flavoprotein catalyzed reaction.
 ...
PMID:Cataract induction by 1,2-naphthoquinone. I. Studies on the redox properties of bovine lens proteins. 187 11

Abnormalities in glucose metabolism are thought to be among the main causes of cataract formation. The authors have made noninvasive biochemical measurements of the lens that provide information concerning glucose metabolism in the lens epithelium. The autofluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) within the rabbit lens were noninvasively measured as a function of depth using redox fluorometry. The peak of the autofluorescence at 440 nm (excited at 360 nm) and 540 nm (excited at 460 nm) were determined at the lens epithelium. When 8 mM sodium pentobarbital, a known inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, was applied to the lens, the autofluorescence peak at 440 nm increased and that at 540 nm decreased. The 440 nm autofluorescence is thought to be from reduced pyridine nucleotides, whereas the 540 nm autofluorescence is from the oxidized flavoprotein. Blocking lens respiration with pentobarbital caused an increase in the PN/Fp ratio by a factor of 3 within 3.5 hr after pentobarbital application.
 ...
PMID:Noninvasive measurements of pyridine nucleotide and flavoprotein in the lens. 357 Jun 89

A case of neonatal-onset glutaric acidemia type II with electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) deficiency is presented. The morphological pattern of disease in the male infant included hypospadias, cryptorchidism, bilateral 13 ribs, nuclear cataract, cystic dysplasia of kidneys, lipid accumulation in the liver and renal tubular epithelium, and immature brain with white matter gliosis. The morphologic examination of the placenta revealed features of delayed maturation, including large-for-gestational-age size and abundant immature intermediate villi with cellular syncytiotrophoblast, persistent villous cytotrophoblast, and decreased syncytial knots. In addition, immature intermediate villi showed exaggeration of lacunar interstitial spaces consistent with non-hydropic villous edema. Marked lipid accumulation was seen within extravillous trophoblasts of placental septa and cell islands. Light lipid accumulation was also noted within fibroblasts of stem villi. These findings suggest that in glutaric acidemia type II, fatty acid oxidation could also be affected in the placenta.
 ...
PMID:Morphologic studies of the placenta and autopsy findings in neonatal-onset glutaric acidemia type II. 1200 26