Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isoenzyme pattern of enolase was examined in the aqueous humour and serum of patients with retinoblastoma (10 aqueous, 8 sera), malignant melanoma (4 aqueous, 25 sera), and normal subjects undergoing cataract surgery (25 aqueous, 30 sera). The assay we used allowed assessment of all three major isoenzymes, including the gamma gamma isoenzyme (neurone-specific enolase). No enolase was detectable in normal aqueous; alpha alpha isoenzyme was present in the aqueous of one patient with malignant melanoma, while aqueous from all patients with retinoblastoma contained both alpha alpha and gamma gamma. Normal serum contained only an alpha alpha band, while serum from patients with retinoblastoma contained alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma bands (7 sera, 87.5%), or alpha alpha only (1 patient, 12.5%). All sera from patients with malignant melanoma contained the alpha alpha band, with low levels of gamma gamma in 16 (60%). In a single patient with Coats's disease alpha alpha was present in the serum, but no enolase was detected in aqueous. Increased amounts of gamma-containing isoenzymes of enolase are found in both serum and aqueous from patients with retinoblastoma. In malignant melanoma there is often an increase in serum gamma gamma enolase. The assessment of aqueous and serum enolase patterns may be of value in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Electrophoretic assessment of aqueous and serum neurone-specific enolase in retinoblastoma and ocular malignant melanoma. 237 58

Uveal melanoma (UM) is uncommon among wild type mice. Efforts to develop transgenic mice to study this disease have resulted in pigmented tumors derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or mixed tumors of RPE and UM complicating the study of UM specifically. Reported here are two early stage intraocular amelanotic melanomas discovered in 2 Tyr-HRAS+ Ink4a/Arf heterozygous (1 normal CKDN2A allele) transgenic FVB/n mice. These tumors were morphologically and immunohistochemically similar to spontaneous UM recently reported in the Ink4a/Arf homozygous (CKDN2A knockout) parent strain. The tumors originated in the posterior uveal tract. The neoplasms were comprised of bundles of spindle-shaped melanocytes admixed with some epithelioid cells. Tumors were immunohistochemically positive for neuron-specific enolase, S-100, pan-ras, but negative for cytokeratin and Melan-A. The development of early lenticular opacity and bilateral cataracts is a consistent phenotype of transgenic mice in which the retinoblastoma signaling pathway has been disrupted. Lenticular opacity and cataracts are rarely observed clinically in Tyr-HRAS+ Ink4a/Arf heterozygotes, rendering this strain suitable for ophthalmoscopy. Consequently, Tyr-HRAS+ Ink4a/Arf heterozygotes provide practical advantages, compared to the cataract-prone CKDN2A knockout strains, for real-time ophthalomoscopic detection and monitoring of UM while developing chemotherapeutic regimens and other research to understand the biology of UM.
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PMID:Two cases of uveal amelanotic melanoma in transgenic Tyr-HRAS+ Ink4a/Arf heterozygous mice. 1798 14

The objective of this investigation was a comparative immunohistochemical study of the crystalline eye lens under normal conditions and in different types of age-associated cataract in man. Control group included the lenses of young men, who died in the accidents and served as lens donors (n = 10, material collected within 1 hr since death). The lens was taken from the patients (age: 60-70 years) during the operation on the occasion of cortical (n = 20) and nuclear (n = 20) cataract. The study has demonstrated phenotype plasticity of lens cells in different types of age-associated cataract. The changes of cell phenotype were shown to depend on cataract type. During the development of cortical age-associated cataract, positive reaction with the monoclonal antibodies against neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein and vimentin was detected only within the lens cortex. During the formation of nuclear age-associated cataract, positive reaction with the antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin, pancytokeratin was found only within the lens nucleus. These data suggest that the differentiated approach to the treatment of different types of age-associated cataract should be worked out.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical analysis of the lens cells during development of the various types of age-associated cataract in man]. 1819 72

The aim of the present work was to perform a comparative immunohistochemical study of the ocular lens in normal conditions and after formation of various type of age-related cataract in humans. The control group consisted of lenses from young men dying from accidents and serving as corneal donors (n = 10, not more than one hour after death). Lenses from patients (aged 60-70 years) undergoing surgery for cortical (n = 20) and nuclear (n = 20) cataracts were studied. The investigations demonstrated plasticity in the phenotype of lens cells in age-related cataract. Changes in the phenotype of lens cells were found to depend on the type of age-related cataract. Development of the cortical variant of age-related cataract was associated with positive reactions with monoclonal antibodies to neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, and vimentin only within the lens cortex. Formation of age-related nuclear cataract was associated with positive reactions with antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin and pancytokeratin, which were detected only in the lens nucleus. This provides evidence of the need to develop a differential approach to the treatment of different types of age-related cataract.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of lens cells on formation of different types of age-related cataract in humans. 1897 14

The aim of this study was to obtain the morphological basis for ocular desympathetization as a method for cataract modeling in vivo. The study was conducted on 20 outbred rabbits, in which the bilateral removal of superior cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk resulted in the change of tone of the sympathetic division of the nervous system. 5-7 months after this operation, biomicroscopy of the anterior portion of both eyes was performed that has demonstrated in 16 out of 20 rabbits the initial manifestations of lenticular opacity. 12-14 months after the operation, their area was significantly increased, and the formation of wedge-shaped opacity with its basis facing the lens periphery, was documented. This was associated with the dissociation of lens fibers, as well as the extracellular liquid accumulation. Histological and phenotypic changes of the lens were similar to those in age-related cortical cataract, detected in man. In both age-related cataract, and that one received by a proposed modeling method, the immunopositive reaction was found demonstrating neuron-specific enolase, vimentin and S-100 protein in lenticular cortex. The proposed method of cataract modeling in vivo may be used for the study of cataract pathogenesis and for the development of measures of its prophylaxis and therapy.
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PMID:[Morphological basis of ocular desympathetization as a new method for experimental cataract modeling]. 2250 51