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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and functional changes in the macula after pars plana vitrectomy with the creation of a posterior vitreous detachment in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). A simple posterior vitreous detachment was created during pars plana vitrectomy accompanied by simultaneous cataract surgery in 19 eyes of 17 patients with DME. The visual acuity (log MAR units), multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs), and optical coherence tomographically (OCT)-determined foveal thickness were determined preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. The median preoperative log MAR visual acuity was 0.7 (20/100; range, 0.3-1.1), and it improved significantly to 0.4 (20/50; range, 0.15-1.0) postoperatively (p = 0.016). The median foveal thickness was 510 (range, 194-800) microm preoperatively and was significantly reduced to 201 (range, 60-631) microm postoperatively (p =0.0002). The median of response density of the mfERGs in the macular area was 6.3 nV/ deg2 (range, 2.8-14.8) preoperatively, and 6.1 nV/deg2 (range, 2.4-14.3) postoperatively, a non-significant change (p = 0.27). The median of peak latency of the macular response was 30.0 ms (range, 25.0-44.2) preoperatively and it decreased significantly to 28.3 ms (range, 26.7-35.0) postoperatively (p = 0.003). In conclusion, vitrectomy with the creation of a PVD in eyes with DME improved the visual acuity and foveal thickness significantly. In addition, a decrease of the peak latency of the macular mfERGs suggested an improvement of the physiological function of the macula although the amplitude of the mfERGs was not changed significantly.
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PMID:Morphological and functional changes of the macula after vitrectomy and creation of posterior vitreous detachment in eyes with diabetic macular edema. 1595 10

A link between cataract surgery and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has long been considered. Indeed, pseudophakic retinal detachment (PPRD) forms a substantial and increasing proportion of RRD. We reviewed the literature to answer the following questions: what is the incidence of PPRD in eyes following phacoemulsification cataract surgery and how does its risk change over time following surgery? We also sought to assess how the risk is modified by intraoperative factors (operative complications, surgeon grade, subsequent laser capsulotomy), intrinsic eye-related factors (laterality, myopia, previous RRD, previous trauma, previous PVD) and patient factors (sex, age, ethnicity, affluence, systemic comorbidities). Secondarily we asked how the incidence of PPRD after phacoemulsification compares with the RRD incidence in the general population and how identified risk factors contribute to the pathophysiology of PPRD. A search of the Medline and Ovid databases was conducted for relevant publications from 1990 onwards using defined search terms with pre planned inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 10-year PPRD incidence after phacoemulsification was identified as being between 0.36 and 2.9%. This decreases over time to 0.1-0.2% annually but remains above the general population. The PPRD risk is further elevated by (in order of decreasing effect) intraoperative vitreous loss, increasing axial length, younger age, male sex and trainee operating surgeons. The PPRD risk after phacoemulsification is approximately ten times the general population's RRD risk. This risk is modified by the interplay of a hierarchy of risk factors, of which intraoperative vitreous loss, myopia, age and sex have the biggest effect.
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PMID:Retinal detachment following cataract phacoemulsification-a review of the literature. 3165 83