Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was performed in the left eye of a 57-year-old man for residual ametropia after phacoemulsification. The patient was given topical tobramycin and a corticosteroid for 1 week postoperatively. Fifteen days later, he developed 3 corneal infiltrates beneath the flap with a gas bubble, suggesting an anaerobic infection. Tobramycin and ofloxacin were administered every 2 hours, but the condition worsened. Corneal scrapings were taken from beneath the flap for microbiological cultures and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The PCR amplification was negative for fungi and mycobacteria and positive for bacterial DNA. Sequence analysis showed Propionibacterium granulosum as the causal agent, but cultures were negative. Treatment with vancomycin and cefazolin led to clinical improvement, with resolution of corneal infiltrates. Anaerobic microorganisms can cause keratitis after LASIK. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA typing can help detect microorganisms involved in these ocular infections.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2004 Aug
PMID:Unusual anaerobic bacteria in keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis: diagnosis using molecular biology methods. 1531 9

A 72-year-old man with chronic endophthalmitis who received steroid treatment for 3 months came to our center. Sterile endophthalmitis after cataract extraction had been diagnosed. Aqueous samples including smears, classic cultures, and polymerase chain reaction were taken for microbiological study. Amplified DNA was sequenced to identify the pathogen. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was positive for bacteria. Sequence analysis showed Corynebacterium macginleyi as the causal agent in 48 hours. The culture and smear stains from the ocular samples were negative. The patient was successfully treated with vancomycin. Polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA-typing were useful in detecting the microorganisms that caused the chronic endophthalmitis.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2004 Nov
PMID:Postoperative Corynebacterium macginleyi endophthalmitis. 1551 5

A 63-year-old man developed infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) in his right eye 1 year after phacoemulsification. The white peripheral lesion was adjacent to the corneal phacoemulsification incision. Infiltrates in the form of creamy-white, midstromal branching, needle-like opacities without evidence of inflammatory cells were noted. A corneal biopsy by double lamellar flap was done and studied by 3 techniques: microbiological culture, stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fungal and bacterial PCR were positive. A second sample was necessary to obtain a positive stain and culture. The DNA sequence analysis showed Candida parapsilosis and Staphylococcus aureus as the causal agents of the crystalline keratopathy. Treatment was started with amphotericin B 1% and cefazolin 6 times a day, and systemic voriconazole was recommended. This is the first reported case of ICK after cataract surgery. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent DNA typing were useful tools in detecting and identifying the ocular pathogens involved in this case.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2006 Dec
PMID:Polymerase chain reaction and DNA typing for diagnosis of infectious crystalline keratopathy. 1713 99

We report a case of late-onset endophthalmitis that developed 5 years after an uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Posterior capsulotomy was performed with by Nd:YAG laser 1 month after the cataract surgery. Polymerase chain reaction with agarose gel electrophoresis identified a Staphylococcus species in a sample from the aqueous humour. The endophthalmitis was responsive to medical therapy including antibiotic agents, and it resolved without any surgical intervention.
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PMID:Detection of staphylococcus species by polymerase chain reaction in late-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and posterior capsulotomy. 1817 23

Polymerase chain reaction revealed Herpesviridae (Herpes simplex, Cytomegalovirus) in the lens substance in 46 patients operated on for age-related cataract. Thirty-two patients of them had age-related macular degeneration. Herpes simplex was found in 6 (18.8%) of the patients with age-related macular degeneration. At the same time there were signs of lacrimal fluid antiviral immunity imbalance with decreased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and increased IFN-alpha. The authors consider it advisable to perform antivirus treatment in patients with the above abnormality, preventing the active forms of herpetic infection.
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PMID:[Intraocular infection with herpesviruses and antiviral immunity in patients with age-related macular degeneration]. 1848 71

Intraocular neoplasms are described in 2 adult rabbits. The left globe of an 8-year-old male rabbit was enucleated after chronic inflammatory disease resulted in a nonvisual eye. The left globe of a 5-year-old female rabbit also was enucleated after a history of lens-induced uveitis, cataract formation, and resultant glaucoma. In both rabbits, histopathology revealed a variably pleomorphic, poorly differentiated, invasive, intraocular spindle cell neoplasm closely associated with lens and lens capsular fragments. Gram stains failed to detect bacterial organisms or Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Polymerase chain reaction assays, used to amplify the 16S RNA gene of numerous bacteria and E. cuniculi, were also negative. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong, diffuse expression for vimentin; however, staining for smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin, S100, and desmin were negative. Long-standing intraocular inflammation and/or traumatic insults to the eyes were considered as causes of these neoplasms. The histologic features of these intraocular neoplasms closely resemble post-traumatic ocular sarcomas in cats.
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PMID:Intraocular sarcomas in two rabbits. 1956 9

Congenital cataract is a highly heterogeneous disorder at both the genetic and the clinical-phenotypic levels. A unique cataract was observed in a 4-generation Chinese family, which was characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and late-onset. Mutations in the 13 known genes (CRYAA, CRYAB, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYGC, CRYBA1/A3, CRYGD, Connexin50, Connexin46, intrinsic membrane protein LIM2, cytoskeletal protein BFSP2, the major intrinsic protein-MIP and the heat shock factor HSF4) have previously been demonstrated to be the frequent reason for isolated congenital cataracts, but the exact molecular basis and underlying mechanisms of congenital cataract still remain unclear. This study was designed to find whether these 13 genes developed any mutation in the family members and to identify the disease-causing gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequence analysis were carried out to detect the 13 genes. The results showed that no mutation causing amino acid alternations was found in these potential candidate genes among all patients in the family, and only several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. A transitional mutation in the fourth intron of CRYBB2 and some silent mutations in the first exon of BFSP2 and CRYGD were found in the cataract family, but further study showed that these mutations could also be found in normal controls. It was concluded that some unidentified genes may underlie the occurrence of late-onset cataract in this family. A genome-wide screening will be carried out in the next study.
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PMID:Molecular genetic analysis of autosomal dominant late-onset cataract in a Chinese Family. 2118 74

Accurate etiological diagnosis is the key to prevention of ocular morbidity in endophthalmitis cases. A 66 year old male was suffering from chronic endophthalmitis post-cataract surgery. Polymerase chain reaction examination on anterior chamber fluid was positive for Propionibacterium acnes but negative for the panfungal genome. He was advised vitrectomy with intravitreal injections. Polymerase chain reaction of vitreous aspirate was positive for P.acnes as well as panfungal genome. The vitreous sample also grew yeast in culture which was identified as Candida pseudotropicalis. Patient was treated on an alternate day regimen of intravitreal Vancomycin and Amphotericin B in the post-operative period. There was improvement in vision at final follow up. Chronic endophthalmitis can have polymicrobial etiology which will require appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The role of molecular testing is vital in these cases as growth in culture is often negative.
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PMID:Polymicrobial chronic endophthalmitis diagnosed by culture and molecular technique. 2500 33

An 85-year-old man developed chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after complicated cataract surgery. Visual acuity in the affected eye was hand movements. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed a hypopyon, superonasal iris nodule, and marked vitritis. An anterior chamber washout, iris biopsy, and intravitreal amphotericin injection were performed. Panfungal polymerase chain reaction of anterior chamber and vitreous samples were positive for Penicillium citrinum. The iris biopsy showed hyphae on Grocott staining. Despite treatment, the patient's acuity deteriorated to light perception and he developed severe intractable pain requiring evisceration. Histological analysis showed diffuse infiltration of hyphae. Penicillium species are fungal organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause chronic endophthalmitis. They are commonly dismissed as culture contaminants. True infection is confirmed by histological demonstration of fungal invasion. Diagnosis can be aided by iris biopsy if iris nodules are present. Polymerase chain reaction testing was beneficial in identifying the causative organism and should be considered early in endophthalmitis cases. Despite intravitreal and systemic antifungal treatment, the visual prognosis for this condition is variable.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2016 09
PMID:Chronic postoperative fungal endophthalmitis caused by Penicillium citrinum after cataract surgery. 2769 58

Bartonella species, vector-borne etiologic agents of many systemic or self-limited infections, are responsible for a widening spectrum of diseases in humans, including inflammatory conditions of the eye. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any relationship between uveitis and the evidence of Bartonella spp. infection in the serum, ocular fluid, and cataract mass in patients with intraocular inflammation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests and DNA sequencing were performed on surgery-extracted specimens of intraocular fluid and lens mass of 33 patients. Sera from 51 patients and 101 control subjects were tested for the presence of specific antibodies against Bartonella spp. Neither IgM-class antibodies against Bartonella spp. nor Bartonella spp. DNA were detected. A specific IgG-class antibody was found in 33.3% of the patients with uveitis. The rate of positive Bartonella serology was higher among the uveitis patients than that in control subjects. This high rate may in part result from unrecognized indirect mechanisms rather than the immediate presence and multiplication of Bartonella spp. in the eyeball. Nonetheless we believe that screening for Bartonella spp. should become part of the diagnostic workup in uveitis.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of Bartonella Species in Patients with Ocular Inflammation. 2840 90


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