Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ofloxacin, a new antibiotic of the group of quinolones, was tested for its possible cocataractogenic potential. Two cataract models of the rat, the naphthalene cataract and the true diabetic cataract were used, cataract development in-vivo was monitored with the slit lamp microscope and documented with the Scheimpflug camera Topcon SL-45. After a six weeks observation and treatment period, where Ofloxacin was dosed with 20 mg/kg body weight daily with a stomach tube, the animals were sacrificed and their lenses used for biochemical analyses. Although the results of Scheimpflug photography showed that the combination of the 2 cataract models together with the Ofloxacin treatment lead to higher densities in the cortical layer, a marked cocataractogenic potential could not be demonstrated. Also the biochemical data made it evident, that Ofloxacin has no obvious cocataractogenic potential, neither single nor in combination with 1 or 2 cataract models.
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PMID:Evaluation of a possible cocataractogenic potential of Ofloxacin. 214 94

Ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution or ointment was administered preoperatively to 13 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Mean drug concentrations in conjunctival biopsies were 2.62 and 6.55 micrograms/gm and in aqueous humor samples were 0.36 micrograms/mL and 0.43 micrograms/mL, for ointment and solution respectively. Mean conjunctival concentrations of ofloxacin achieved MIC90 values for 419 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms previously analyzed.
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PMID:Availability of 0.3% ofloxacin ointment and solution in human conjunctiva and aqueous humor. 853 58

Thirty-five patients received topical ofloxacin 0.3% before routine cataract surgery. Ofloxacin was administered one drop every 2 h for five doses 1 day before surgery and one drop every 5 min for five doses immediately before surgery. Aqueous sampling was performed at variable periods 30-150 min after the last topical dose. The mean aqueous ofloxacin concentration was 793 +/- 516 ng/ml (range, 143-2,400 ng/ml). A significant correlation between time from last dose and aqueous humor concentration was found (r = 0.39, p = 0.025). The mean ofloxacin concentration was greater in those patients who received their last dose >1 h before aqueous aspiration (957 +/- 559 ng/ml versus 554 +/- 338 ng/ml, p = 0.02). From a best-fit scatter plot of concentration versus time, the maximal aqueous concentration of 1,000 ng/ml occurs at approximately 2h after topical administration.
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PMID:The kinetics of anterior chamber ofloxacin penetration. 890 84

This study was designed to measure the concentration of ofloxacin in aqueous humor after topical, oral and intravenous administration in 50 patients undergoing cataract extraction. In Group 1, ofloxacin 0.3% eyedrops were topically instilled ten times and the aqueous humor concentration was 2.73 +/- 0.88 microg/ml. In Group 2, ofloxacin 0.3% eyedrops were topically instilled six times and the aqueous humor concentration was 0.84 +/- 0.61 microg/ml. Aqueous humor concentration 12 hours after 200 mg oral dose in Group 3, was 0.38 +/- 0.12 microg/ml. In Group 4, patients were given ofloxacin as a single intravenous 200 mg dose and the aqueous humor concentration 2 hours after the end of infusion was 0.45 +/- 0.11 microg/ml. Concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and the other groups, but not between Group 2 and Groups 3, 4. It was concluded that ofloxacin penetrates the corneal and the blood-aqueous barriers and can achieve good aqueous levels when given topically and systematically. Ofloxacin can be applied topically for external bacterial infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis. Systematically administered ofloxacin reached higher levels than the MIC for some bacteria which cause endophthalmitis.
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PMID:The penetration of ofloxacin into human aqueous humor given by various routes. 959 May 93

A 43-year-old woman in good health was admitted to the hospital 3 days after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the left eye with postoperative bandage contact lens application. She had developed a severe keratitis with ulceration and hypopyon. Upon the patient's admission to the hospital, the contact lens was removed. Ofloxacin eyedrops were prescribed 4 times a day. In the hospital, the patient was successfully treated with immediate thermocautery application, followed by full-thickness keratoplasty the next day and intensive systemic and topical antibiotics. Cultures were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Severe MRSA keratitis is a rare cause of infection after PRK.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2002 Apr
PMID:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy1. 1195 21