Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma exchange was performed on a patient with hemophilia A and inhibitor to factor VIIIC prior to bilateral cataract removal. Koate was used as replacement fluid with effective reduction of the inhibitor level. From the technical standpoint we found out that factor VIII is best reconstituted in water and directly infused through the venous line and not the centrifuge bowl.
 ...
PMID:Successful preoperative apheresis of factor VIII antibody using factor VIII concentrate as a replacement fluid. 308 59

Sugar cataract formation has been demonstrated to result from lenticular sorbitol accumulation. In the lens, the activity of aldose reductase has been observed to increase with the onset of diabetes, while the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase decreases. This shift in activities of these two Sorbitol Pathway enzymes favors the increased accumulation of sorbitol. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies prepared against purified rat lens aldose reductase reveal a striking increase in immunoreactive positive staining for aldose reductase in lenses from diabetic rats. Two weeks after the onset of diabetes, increased immunohistochemical staining for aldose reductase appears beneath the epithelial region where water cleft formation occurs, and the intensity of this staining increases with the formation of vacuoles. By 6-8 weeks, the presence of large vacuoles and areas of liquifaction containing dense immunoreactive stain can be observed. Examination of human cataractous lenses with antibodies prepared against purified human placenta aldose reductase suggest similar increases in immunoreactive staining in the human diabetic lens. Cataractous lenses from diabetic patients revealed increased immunoreactive staining for aldose reductase, which was associated with the presence of vacuoles in both the anterior or posterior superficial cortical layers. Examination of similar vacuole containing regions from non-diabetic cataractous lenses revealed no increase in immunoreactive staining for aldose reductase. These results suggest that the enhanced activity of aldose reductase observed in diabetes is due to an increased amount of enzyme, rather than enzyme activation.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization for aldose reductase in diabetic lenses. 310 Apr 73

A new strain of mouse with late-appearing hereditary cataract was developed in the Senescence Accelerated Mouse (SAM-R/3). At the beginning of the selection of the new strain (generation 4), 5% of mice which lived over 20 weeks had cataract, at least unilaterally. During selection and brother-sister inbreeding, the incidence increased and reached 68% of 78 mice whose lifespan exceeded 20 weeks, in the 12th generation. In recent populations, (generations 9-14), the cataract began to appear around 10 weeks of age and about 81% of 64 females and 49% of 47 males had cataract after 32 weeks of age. Inflammatory lesions of the cornea and eyelids began to occur later in life and the incidence was lower than that of cataract. This observation suggested to us that the cataract of this new strain was not congenital in origin but rather was age-related and did not occur consequently after the onset of inflammatory lesions around the lens tissue. Stereomicroscopic examination of the lens revealed that many of these cataracts occurred initially at the posterior area and that the mature cataract showed a characteristic protrusion at the posterior pole and nuclear dislocation. Histology of the mature cataract also revealed protrusion of the posterior pole and showed degeneration and liquefaction of lens cortex, nuclear dislocation and destruction of posterior lens capsule. The wet weight, water and protein contents showed that the lens of this strain developed normally and that the untoward events were the result but not the cause of cataract. The SAM-R/3 strain should prove to be a suitable murine model for investigation of age-related changes in the lens, and cataractogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Cataract in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). 2. Development of a new strain of mouse with late-appearing cataract. 318 35

We compared the corneal penetration in rabbits of topical tobramycin in the presence of collagen corneal shields and bandage soft contact lenses. A collagen corneal shield was placed on six albino rabbit eyes, while therapeutic soft contact lenses (61.4% poly-2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate/38.6% water) were placed on six eyes. Four control eyes received no shield or contact lens. Topical tobramycin was applied to all 16 eyes every five minutes for six doses. Samples of aqueous humor were removed at 15 and 60 minutes following the last dose. Collagen corneal shields allowed a significant (P less than .05) increase in tobramycin penetration into the anterior chamber at 60 minutes compared with hydrophilic soft contact lenses or controls.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1988 Sep
PMID:Use of collagen corneal shields versus soft contact lenses to enhance penetration of topical tobramycin. 318 31

The resolution efficiencies of 31 biconvex silicone intraocular lenses, ranging in power from 16.0 to 23.5 diopters, were tested in air and in water to see if a predictable relationship existed as previously reported with polymethylmethacrylate lenses. Resolution efficiency is defined as the percentage ratio of the actual resolving power of a lens to that of a perfect lens of the same focal length which is only limited in resolution by diffraction. The lenses ranged from 29% to 58% resolution efficiency in air. No lenses exhibiting multiple images were included. All 31 lenses achieved at least 73% resolution efficiency in water, and one lens achieved 82%. Based on these findings, a biconvex silicone lens that exceeds 30% resolution efficiency in air and does not produce multiple images can perform near its diffraction limit when implanted in the eye.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1988 Nov
PMID:Silicone intraocular lens resolution in air and in water. 323 May 21

The lenses of ICR/f-strain rats with hereditary cataract were monitored in situ by laser Raman spectroscopy. The lenses used were within the age of 3-10 weeks before lens opacification became manifest. The reduction of protein SH group content and the increase of protein S-S bond content were observed in ICR/f rats in the precataractous stage. No significant change in the water content was observed.
 ...
PMID:Laser Raman spectroscopic study of hereditary cataractous lenses in ICR/f-strain rat. 323 Jul 13

Since increased lens sorbitol and osmotic swelling are central causative features of cataract in diabetic rats, the effects of insulin treatment on lens sorbitol, water, sodium, and potassium were studied. The sorbitol concentration in early stage diabetic lenses was greater than in normal ones by 83 mmol/kg water, and the lens water was greater by 1.3%. Sodium was greater by 9 mmol/kg water; potassium was less by the same amount so that the sum of sodium and potassium was not different. In insulin-treated diabetic lenses, the sorbitol was less than in untreated diabetic lenses by 39 mmol/kg water, and the lens water was not different. Insulin restored the potassium, but not the sodium, to normal concentration so that the sum of sodium and potassium was greater by 16 mmol/kg water. The differences in lens water were less than would be expected on the basis of osmosis due to differences in sorbitol and suggested that the lenses were able to maintain their water content within a narrow range by losing or gaining solutes to offset the differences in sorbitol.
 ...
PMID:Effects of diabetes and insulin treatment on sorbitol and water of rat lenses. 329 99

Experimental and epidemiological data indicate a correlation between exposure to UV radiation and cataract morbidity. UV radiation induced cataract is thought to be evoked by photochemical mechanisms. The present investigation resolves the macroscopical events in the rat lens after a one dose exposure to spectrally and radiometrically well defined UV radiation, as revealed in light- and dark-field illumination. The macroscopic sequence of events is related to the morphology as revealed by light- and electron microscopy. The radiation was found to alter the chromatin pattern and to induce morphological changes indicating a disturbance of the cellular water balance. The latter is assumed to cause the acute UV radiation induced opacification of the lens. It is suggested that future investigations of the toxic effects of UV radiation in the lens should focus on how UV radiation affects the chromatin and the cellular water balance.
 ...
PMID:Acute cataract in the rat after exposure to radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region. A study of the macro-, micro- and ultrastructure. 338 86

Massive cortical cataract was produced 15-30 days after a single injection of an overdose of sodium selenite into 14-day-old rats. Most of the cortical cataract appeared to be due to extensive liquefaction of cortical fibers. Water influx, following initial damage to the epithelium by selenium, and action of lens proteases were probable mechanisms for the extensive liquefaction. Remarkably, selenite cortical cataract spontaneously cleared after several months, restoring essentially normal cells to the epithelium and outer and mid-cortex. Major mechanisms for clearing probably involved: (1) removal of damaged proteins from the lens by extensive proteolysis; and (2) replacement of fibers by resumption of normal fibergenesis. The data emphasized the remarkable reparative potential of the lens, and indicated the usefulness of the selenite cortical cataract as a model to study such processes.
 ...
PMID:Histologic changes in selenite cortical cataract. 341 27

Wide-field specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry were performed on 20 aphakic eyes in 16 patients who had worn a high-water content hydrogel contact lens on an extended wear basis for at least 12 months (mean, 28 months) following intracapsular cataract extraction. When compared with 22 non-lens-wearing aphakic eyes matched for age and postoperative period, the endothelial cell changes in the above patients included a significantly higher coefficient of variation in cell area (polymegathism) and a marked reduction in the frequency of hexagonal cells (pleomorphism) without any significant difference in cell density. Although the clinical significance of these endothelial changes remains unclear, they may indicate hypoxic stress to the corneal endothelium or be an early sign of ongoing cell loss.
 ...
PMID:Corneal endothelial changes associated with aphakic extended contact lens wear. 342 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>