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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgically induced astigmatism in three series of cataract surgical procedures were compared. The three series comprised 120 eyes having phacoemulsification and implantation of: a) a foldable silicon lens through a 4.0 mm incision (32 eyes), b) a 5.0 mm PMMA lens through a 5.0 mm incision (48 eyes) and c) a 6.5 mm diameter PMMA lens through a 6.5 mm incision (40 eyes). There were no significant differences in surgically induced cylinder between the three groups after one month or 6 months postoperatively. No differences between these three groups with respect to visual rehabilitation were seen. We concluded that small diameter PMMA implants inserted through a 5.0 mm or 6.5 mm incision minimized surgically induced cylinder in a way comparable to the use of foldable silicone implants inserted through a 4.0 mm incision.
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PMID:[Intraoperatively-induced astigmatism after "small incision cataract extraction". An analysis of 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.5 mm incisions]. 157 62

Endothelial atrophy following cataract extraction is an increasingly important indication for perforating keratoplasty (PK). Other significant indications for PK are the treatment of endothelial atrophy following vitreous/retinal surgery for perforating injuries or primary retinal pathology. We evaluated the first year post-operative course of fourteen patients that underwent PK: 7 patients with silicon-oil induced keratopathy (group I), and 7 patients with endothelial atrophy following anterior segment surgical procedures (group II). On follow-up, group II exhibited a significant improvement of visual acuity. In group I, despite the clarity of the graft, there was no improvement of vision because of the development of retrocorneal membranes, or pre-existing or progressive retinal changes.
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PMID:[Prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in secondary endothelial atrophy of diverse etiology]. 161 61

To determine the biocompatibility of the expansile hydrogel intraocular lens, a two-year animal study was undertaken. After phacoemulsification, hydrogel expansile intraocular lenses were implanted in four Dutch-belted rabbit eyes. Slitlamp examinations revealed minimal anterior chamber reaction and lens synechias. Gross pathology and histology demonstrated hyperplastic residual cortex, but confirmed our clinical impression that the lenses were well tolerated. Electron diffraction energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis revealed deposition of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, and calcium, but there was no evidence of matrix penetration.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 Jul
PMID:Animal model experimentation using the expansile hydrogel intraocular lens. 189 27

A complication arising from vitrectomy is the formation of cataract. As a result of an intra- and postoperative tamponade chosen (BSS, air, SF6-gas, silicon oil) the size and frequency of the cataract varies accordingly. 6 months after vitrectomy Scheimpflug photography and microdensitometric evaluation of the negatives were performed on 30 pairs of phacic eyes showing changes in the transparency of the lens. Following silicon oil tamponade a significant deterioration of transparency (t-test) was observed in the lens nucleus of the operated eye; in the area of the lens in front of the nucleus a marked but not significant deterioration of transparency was discovered following both silicon oil and SF6-gas tamponade. In the case of the area in front of the nucleus following SF6-gas tamponade as well as the whole of the lens following BSS or air tamponade a small but not at all significant difference in lens transparency was apparent after comparison of the operated to the non-operated eyes.
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PMID:[Lens changes following intraocular tamponade in vitrectomy. Linear densitometric image analysis of Scheimpflug photographs 6 months after operation]. 189 46

Analysis of the immediate and late results of surgery for bilateral detachment of the retina in aphakia performed on 58 eyes of 44 patients has shown that the retina stays adhered to the pigmented epithelium after surgery in 63.79% of patients but later is again detached in half the patients, and the share of good late results is but 37.95%. The authors consider the efficacy of prophylactic measures, cryoretinopexy and silicon band circlage, carried out in three groups of patients. Group 1 (320 eyes) consisted of patients in whom cryopexy was performed on myopic eyes before cataract extraction; 1.9% of patients developed detachment of retina, this being 3.5 times less than in the reference group (6.7%). Group 2 (61 eyes) patients were subjected to cryopexy on the second eye if the retina was detached on the first eye; 5.56% of patients developed detachment of retina. Prophylactic circlage was carried out in Group 3 (17 eyes); none of the patients developed detachment of the retina over the follow-up period of 5 years. In the reference group, consisting of similar patients, 16 (21.05%) of the 76 patients developed detachment of retina on the second eye in periods of 2 months to 5 years after surgery. These results demonstrate the usefulness of prophylactic measures in cases with the risk factors.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of bilateral retinal detachment in aphakia and the efficacy of prophylactic measures]. 194 78

We analyzed the surfaces of six different types of poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and two techniques for determining surface energies. The tested lenses were (1) Ioptex lathe-cut surface-passivated, (2) Ioptex lathe-cut, (3) another manufacturer's lathe-cut, (4) cast-molded, (5) polyfluorocarbon-coated, and (6) polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted. The ESCA testing revealed marked differences in the chemical composition of the surfaces of the polyfluorocarbon-coated and polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted lenses compared to the other four. Minute amounts of silicon were present on the cast-molded and surface-passivated lenses. Static SIMS testing revealed the presence of siloxane contaminants on the three lathe-cut and the cast-molded lenses; a statistically smaller amount of siloxane was present on the surface-passivated lenses. Contact angle and surface energy analysis revealed statistically lower surface energies for the polyfluorocarbon-coated materials and statistically higher surface energies for the polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted; we found no differences in the contact angles and surface energies among the surface-passivated, lathe-cut, and cast-molded lenses.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 Mar
PMID:Surface analysis of surface-passivated intraocular lenses. 204 Sep 69

The lens capsule of a 70-year-old male donor with a cataractous lens was carefully prepared for SEM by first washing the capsule with buffer solution to remove lens-fibres and subsequently attaching it to silicon rubber. During the fixation and drying stages of the preparation procedure the capsule stayed attached to the rubber substratum. In the equatorial zone germinating cells were found with knob-shaped microvilli, closely connected to lens-fibres. Large units of pathological capsule epithelial cells were found, only slightly inter connected by a few pseudopodia. In addition, single pathological epithelial cells with pseudopodia, arranged on top of the cell in a rosette-like configuration, were found at certain locations. Both types are probably related to the original lens-cataract.
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PMID:Morphology of donor lens-capsule material studied by SEM. 209 Apr 10

The authors evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal implantation of silicon oil (ISO) in 19 eyes of 17 patients with gigantic tears of the retina. During the mean observation period of 22 months the operation was successful in 15 of 19 eyes (78%). The retina adhered on the entire surface in 12 eyes (65%), in three eyes (15%) there remained a defined flat elevation of the retina in the periphery of the lower half of the fundus which did not go as far as the macula. In successfully operated eyes the visual acuity was 0.4 in two eyes, visual acuity of 0.3-0.1 in 7 eyes and visual acuity less than 0.1, making spatial orientation possible, in six eyes. The cause of reduced visual acuity of successfully operated eyes were macular abnormalities which were associated with the fundamental disease, degenerative myopia, injury, impaired nurture of the macula during prolonged detachment, a membrane-forming process. As to late complications of ISO, the most frequent were glaucoma in 42% and complicated cataract u 78% phakic eyes. Extraction of a cataract with iridectomy VI and supplementation of silicon oil into the intravitreal space did not cause in any of the patients a relapse of detachment of the retina. The final evaluation of PPV with ISO in the surgery of gigantic lesions of the retina will be possible only after the long-term follow up of larger groups of patients.
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PMID:[Pars plana vitrectomy with implantation of silicone oil in surgery forvery large retinal tears]. 260 58

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface analytical technique with high sensitivity for elemental detection and microlocalization capabilities within the micrometre range. Quantitative analysis of epoxy resins and gelatin have been reported (Burns-Bellhorn & File, 1979). We report here the first application of this technique to quantitative microlocalization in the context of a physiological problem--analyses of sodium, potassium and calcium in normal and galactose-induced cataract in rat lens. It is known that during the development of galactose-induced cataract the whole lens content of potassium is decreased, sodium is increased and, in late stages, calcium concentration increases. Whether these alterations in diffusible ions occur homogeneously or heterogeneously is not known. Standard curves were generated from epoxy resins containing known concentrations of sodium, potassium or calcium organometallic compounds using the Cameca IMS 300 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer. Normal and cataractous lenses were prepared by freezing in isopentane in a liquid nitrogen bath followed by freeze-drying at -30 degrees C. After dry embedding in epoxy resin, 10 microns thick sections of lens were pressure mounted on silicon wafers, overcoated with gold, and ion emission measured under the same instrumental conditions used to obtain the standard curves. Quantitative analysis of an area 27 microns in diameter, or a total analysed volume of 1.1 microns3, was performed by using a mechanical aperture in the ion optical system. Ion images provided qualitative microanalysis with a lateral resolution of 1 micron. Control rat lenses gave values for sodium and potassium content with a precision of +/- 17% or less. These values were compared to flame photometry and atomic absorption measurements of normal lenses and were accurate within 25%. Analysis of serum and blood also gave accurate and precise measurements of these elements. Normal rat lenses had a gradient of sodium, and, to a lesser degree, of potassium from the cortex to the nucleus. Development of galactose-induced cataract was heterogeneous by morphological criteria, beginning at the lens equator and spreading from the cortex into the nucleus. However, the loss of potassium and increase in sodium concentration occurred at early stages in both the cortex and nucleus cells, possibly because these cells are interconnected by gap junctions. There is a local alteration in elemental content prior to morphologically demonstrable cataract formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Quantitative microlocalization of diffusible ions in normal and galactose cataractous rat lens by secondary ion mass spectrometry. 382 Feb 81

Indications, results and complications in 90 consecutive cases of intravitreal silicon injection are reported. Intravitreal silicon injection was performed according to the principles described by J. Scott. The patients, mostly cases which were inoperable with standard techniques, underwent surgery in the period between the beginning of 1978 and the end of 1979. The follow-up period was between five months and two years. An anatomic success was achieved in about 70% of the cases. The intraoperative complications were mostly hemorrhages and new retinal tears. Most of the late complications, such as cataract and glaucoma, could be surgically treated. The advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are discussed.
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PMID:[Fluid silicon in detachment for surgery (author's transl)]. 727 69


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