Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present two cases of Werner's syndrome associated with intracranial meningioma. Characteristic clinical features of Werner's syndrome include short stature with slender extremities, premature senility, juvenile cataract, skin changes, a tendency to diabetes mellitus and familial occurrence. A 44-year-old female, who had been treated for diabetes mellitus, was diagnosed as having Werner's syndrome because of various characteristic features. A falx meningioma was incidentally found on CT scan, and was surgically removed. Her diabetes mellitus improved. The second case was a 28-year-old male was diagnosed as having Werner's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, juvenile cataract, together with diabetes insipidus, and liver dysfunction. He developed severe headache, gait disturbance and then became unconscious with right hemiparesis. He was found to have a parasagittal meningioma by CT scan and angiography. After removal of the tumor, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus and liver dysfunction improved. The reported incidence of neoplasms associated with Werner's syndrome is about 10%. The majority of associated tumors were mesenchymal in origin. Ten meningiomas, 1 neurinoma and 2 gliomas are reported as associated tumors in the central nervous system. Most of the associated meningiomas were asymptomatic and found incidentally at autopsies or CT scans. Diabetes mellitus associated with Werner's syndrome is generally mild with high immunoreactive insulin value and is controllable by diet therapy and oral antidiabetic drugs. Daily profile of blood sugar improved after the removal of tumor in our cases. In 50 gm glucose tolerance test, tendency of delayed appearance of peak value, which is common in Werner's syndrome, was not altered in our cases. Discussion is made as to the association of Werner's syndrome with meningioma and diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Werner's syndrome associated with meningioma: case report]. 328 33

Since increased lens sorbitol and osmotic swelling are central causative features of cataract in diabetic rats, the effects of insulin treatment on lens sorbitol, water, sodium, and potassium were studied. The sorbitol concentration in early stage diabetic lenses was greater than in normal ones by 83 mmol/kg water, and the lens water was greater by 1.3%. Sodium was greater by 9 mmol/kg water; potassium was less by the same amount so that the sum of sodium and potassium was not different. In insulin-treated diabetic lenses, the sorbitol was less than in untreated diabetic lenses by 39 mmol/kg water, and the lens water was not different. Insulin restored the potassium, but not the sodium, to normal concentration so that the sum of sodium and potassium was greater by 16 mmol/kg water. The differences in lens water were less than would be expected on the basis of osmosis due to differences in sorbitol and suggested that the lenses were able to maintain their water content within a narrow range by losing or gaining solutes to offset the differences in sorbitol.
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PMID:Effects of diabetes and insulin treatment on sorbitol and water of rat lenses. 329 99

In a population study of all insulin-treated diabetics and a random sample of those treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents (OHA) in Gotland, Sweden, the visual acuity (VA) was determined. The prevalence rates of visual impairment (VA 0.1-0.2) and blindness (VA less than 0.1) in the insulin-treated group were 4.9 and 4.4%, respectively, and in OHA-treated diabetics 7.2 and 1.4%. The impairment and blindness were due to diabetic retinopathy (Rp) in 72% of the insulin-treated group, but only in 14% of the OHA-treated diabetics in whom cataract and age-related maculopathy were the predominant causes. Blindness was four times more frequent among insulin-treated females than males. On simple logistic regression test VA correlated with Rp, age at examination, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes and sex. However, on multiple logistic regression analysis the only significant relationships with VA were in the insulin-treated group, a correlation with Rp and age; and in the OHA-treated group, a correlation with age only. Thus the higher frequency of blindness in insulin-treated women was explained by Rp and age. When standardizing for age, the fraction of blind patients was found to be significantly higher among the insulin-treated than in the OHA-treated diabetics (6.7 vs 1.4%).
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PMID:Visual acuity in a diabetic population. 360 7

A medical diabetic clinic was examined for evidence of diabetic eye disease. Of 681 patients invited for ocular examination 96.6% attended for screening. The results for insulin dependent diabetics (IDDs) and non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDs) were analysed separately and the major findings were: Cataracts were present in 40.8% of IDDs and 46.2% of NIDDs, with an increased incidence with advancing age. For younger age groups there were significantly more cataracts in IDDs than in NIDDs (p less than 0.001). Cataract extraction was required in 4.2% of the patients, which is higher than the general population. The presence of retinopathy was related to the duration of diabetes (p less than 0.001) but not to age of onset of diabetes. Retinopathy was found in 43.4% of IDDs and 20.1% of NIDDs. Sight threatening retinopathy was present in 13.3% of IDD and 4.3% of NIDD eyes. Advanced diabetic eye disease was seen in 0.6% of eyes.
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PMID:Ophthalmic survey of a diabetic clinic. I: Ocular findings. 379 Apr 79

The incidence of visually disabling cataract was estimated by the rate of first cataract extraction in a population of Pima Indians in Arizona. The annual age-specific rates of cataract surgery (first and second eyes) were 3.7 to 5.9 times as high as the estimated US rates. Diabetes was a strong risk factor for first cataract surgery in all age and sex groups except in men aged 75 to 84 years. Overall, with age and sex controlled, the rate of first cataract surgery was 2.2 times as high (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.9) in diabetic as in nondiabetic subjects. Cataract surgery was related to the duration and type of treatment of diabetes. Insulin-treated diabetics had about five times the rate of those with normal glucose tolerance. The rate of cataract surgery was lowest in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, somewhat higher in those with impaired glucose tolerance, and even higher with increasing duration of diabetes.
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PMID:Incidence of cataract extraction in Pima Indians. Diabetes as a risk factor. 388 67

Data on the clinical features of the Werner syndrome in 102 patients in Japan were collected by sending questionnaires to major hospitals and analyzed. The male-to-female ratio was 3 to 2 and the incidences of consanguinity and familial occurrence were 51% and 39.4%, respectively. These patients were divided into 3 subgroups; group 1, 2, and 3 lacked short stature, cataract, and hypogonadism, respectively. Each group had somewhat different clinical features. Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in the Werner syndrome patients were compared with those in normal aged subjects. Impaired plasma growth-hormone responses to insulin and arginine were more common and impaired plasma thyrotropin responses to TRH were less common in the Werner syndrome patients than in aged subjects. Plasma LH and FSH levels were higher in most patients than those in age- and sex-matched controls; also, their serum testosterone concentrations were lower than those in age-matched controls and testicular biopsy revealed more marked atrophy than in aged subjects. Serum triiodothyronine levels tended to be lower than in age-matched controls. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed diabetic glucose tolerance in 55% and impaired glucose tolerance in 22%, although fasting blood glucose levels were elevated only in 20%. Plasma insulin response to glucose was more exaggerated in those with the Werner syndrome than in normal aged subjects. The euglycemic glucose clamp method revealed lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity indices in the Werner syndrome than in normal subjects of similar age. The number of erythrocyte insulin-binding sites was normal in the Werner syndrome patients. These results suggest a postreceptor defect in insulin resistance in the Werner syndrome.
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PMID:Clinical, endocrine and metabolic aspects of the Werner syndrome compared with those of normal aging. 390 66

Risk factors and course of steroid diabetes were investigated in 145 renal-transplant recipients who were given a high-dose steroid regimen. Persistent steroid diabetes developed in 25% of the patients and transient diabetes in another 22%. When antidiabetic therapy was required, insulin had to be given in 50%. The incidence of steroid diabetes correlated with steroid dose, age, body weight, and diabetes heredity but not with abnormal glucose tolerance or with another complication of steroid therapy, posterior-pole lenticular cataract. There was no association with HLA-A and B antigens. Thus, steroid diabetes is a frequent complication of high-dose corticosteroid therapy and is similar to type II diabetes. However, it often requires insulin therapy.
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PMID:Some characteristics of steroid diabetes: a study in renal-transplant recipients receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy. 634 Oct 13

Insulin concentrations were measured in the aqueous humors of insulin-treated and untreated diabetic rabbits. The aqueous humor insulin concentration of diabetic rabbits after feeding was less than that of normal control animals. When diabetic rabbits were treated with insulin, the aqueous humor insulin concentration rose to concentrations much greater than in normal ones. The aqueous: plasma concentration ratios of both insulin and total protein for diabetic animals were greater than those for normal ones and suggest that the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier was greater in the diabetic rabbits. Since insulin is known to be capable of influencing the metabolism of the lens, it is conceivable that abnormal insulin concentrations in aqueous humor may influence the development of cataract in diabetes.
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PMID:Insulin concentration in aqueous humor of rabbits: effects of alloxan-diabetes and insulin treatment. 635 95

A 21-yr-old Caucasian man developed accelerated irreversible dense bilateral cataracts 4 wk after control of his newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 12 wk after the onset of his symptoms. Although transitory cataracts have been identified in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM, there is no mention in the literature of irreversible cataract formation this soon after diagnosis (see ref. 1).
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PMID:Accelerated bilateral cataract formation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 637 14

In an epidemiological study of 533 diabetics - 227 treated with insulin and 306 treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) - the prevalence of cataract/aphakia and lens opacities was in total higher (P less than 0.01) in type 2 diabetics (= non-insulin-dependent diabetes) compared with type 1 diabetics (= insulin-dependent diabetes). Type 2 diabetics were characterized by a higher age than type 1 diabetics (P less than 0.01). Thus, an age-specific comparison between type 1 and type 2 diabetics showed no difference (P greater than 0.05) in the occurrence of cataract/aphakia in type 1 diabetics (P less than 0.01) in the age interval 50-64 years. Cataract/aphakia and lens opacities correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with the current age and presence of retinopathy within both groups of diabetics. In type 1 diabetics the duration of diabetes was related to cataract/aphakia. A comparison of this study with the results of previous population studies of cataract in non-diabetics indicates that cataract/aphakia occurs more frequently in diabetics exclusively below the age of 65-70 years.
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PMID:The prevalence of cataract in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus. 638 8


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