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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 14-year-old diabetic boy a star-like cataract was observed after the first insulin treatment. This cataract later disappeared again.
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PMID:[Star-like cataract in a diabetic child (author's transl)]. 85 Mar 44

The purpose of the study was to investigate the development of microangiopathic complications in North African sand rats with diabetes induced by a long-term standard laboratory diet. Hyperinsulinaemic rats, whether non-diabetic obese or diabetic, developed capillary basement membrane (CBM) thickening in the skin; in insulin-dependent animals, this change was diffuse. Many PAS positive areas were demonstrated in skeletal muscle and myocardium, together with evidence of microangiopathy; the primary myocardial lesion in insulin-dependent disease was ischaemic fibrosis. The kidney was also affected with marked basement membrane thickening in Bowman's capsule and glomerular capillaries; glomerulosclerosis and tubular changes were found in insulin-dependent disease. No evidence of diabetic retinopathy was found, and there was a high incidence of cataract.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in sand rats (Psammomys obesus): microangiopathy during development of the diabetic syndrome. 174

A modified technique of peribulbar anaesthesia consisting of a single injection of anaesthetic solution with a 26G, half inch insulin needle was evaluated in 50 eyes. The operative procedures included extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in 20 eyes, intracapsular lens extraction in 20 eyes, and trabeculectomy in 10 eyes. Complete anaesthesia was obtained in 45 eyes (90%). No significant complications were observed except for mild to moderate conjunctival chemosis in 40 eyes (80%). The technique is easy to learn, safe, effective and relatively economical.
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PMID:A modified technique of anterior peribulbar anaesthesia. 181 Aug 77

A personal series of 6780 patients with diabetes mellitus is reported. Of these 1410 were thought to have insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes and 4926 non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes. Among the former, 128 patients were only diagnosed when in severe ketoacidosis or coma. In 116 patients the diabetes was diagnosed in pregnancy. Chronic alcoholism was an aetiological factor in 75 patients; in 52 it led to the diagnosis being made, and it complicated treatment in 129 additional patients. In the patients with Type 2 diabetes whose treatment was stabilized 23.5% were having insulin injections, 44.5% tablets, and 32.0% diet only. Sight-threatening retinopathy developed in 21.3% of patients with Type 1 and 7.9% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The rate of developing sight-threatening retinopathy was 1.1% of patients per year. Blindness occurred in 0.28% of patients with Type 1 diabetes per year and 0.097% per year in Type 2 diabetes. If the mean survival of patients with retinopathy going blind is 7.5 years, this would mean 7500 people in the UK blind from diabetic retinopathy. There was a striking drop in the annual incidence of blindness after 1970 coinciding with the introduction of specific treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Juvenile cataract developed in 1.7% of patients who developed Type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age. Clinically important diabetic neuropathy developed in 17.4% of patients with Type 1 and 11.6% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The main features were paraesthesiae and numbness (49%), neuropathic ulceration (37%), pain (5%), autonomic symptoms (5%), and amyotrophy (4%). Oculomotor palsies and mononeuropathies were noted. Foot ulceration occurred in 81 patients with Type 1 and 279 of those with Type 2 diabetes. Charcot changes in the feet were noted in 21 patients. Major amputations were needed in 18 patients with Type 1 and 60 with Type 2 diabetes. Proteinuria believed to be due to diabetic nephropathy developed in 12.8% of patients with Type 1 and 4.7% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of early renal failure was 4.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Coronary artery disease was noted in 9% of patients with Type 1 diabetes, and was more common in those who developed diabetes after 20 years of age. Myocardial infarction was as common in women as in men. In Type 2 diabetes coronary artery disease gave rise to symptoms in 19.1%, and myocardial infarction was more common in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetes in the United Kingdom: a personal series. 182 47

A total of 1,030 diabetic patients were studied in order to identify factors associated with various complications. A higher proportion of women was found (64.1%). Using regression analysis of prevalence versus the logarithm of the duration of diabetes, a half-life of 5.14 years was calculated. In the study of complications, peripheral neuropathy, amputations, renal impairment, albuminuria, myocardial infarction, cataract and amaurosis were strongly associated with duration of diabetes rather than with the age of the patient or the age at diagnosis; in contrast, blood pressure and impotence correlated better with the age of the patient. A discriminant function analysis permitted to identify several factors as predictors of diverse complication mainly: the duration of the disease, and previous use of insulin (negative correlation). Other predictors were glycemia, alcoholism, smoking habit and intake of legumes (beans). Albuminuria was assessed with a radioimmunoassay procedure and found to be associated with: duration of diabetes, urinary tract infection, systolic blood pressure and amaurosis. Some alimentary habits were also included as predictors of complications.
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PMID:[Risk factors of the complications of diabetes mellitus]. 186 94

We studied the effect of successful kidney and pancreas transplantation on visual function and diabetic retinopathy in 18 patients with long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (17 to 38 years) and with advanced proliferative retinopathy. The average age of the patients was 42 years. Prior to transplantation, 5 eyes were in end-stage ophthalmic complication due to neovascular glaucoma. An ophthalmological follow-up was performed between 1-6 years post-surgery. Analysis of the results showed that the diabetic retinopathy had stabilized after transplantation in 12 cases (66%) with a supplementary photocoagulation in the majority of cases. The proliferation continued in 4 patients (22%) leading to blindness in 2 patients and recurrence of vitreous haemorrhages despite the photocoagulation in the other 2 cases. An improvement was observed on fluorescein angiography in a patient with pre-papillar glial proliferation without photocoagulation. Ten patients were reported to have a cataract and were operated on in two cases before transplantation; in one patient, the cataract increased following transplantation. In conclusion, the kidney and pancreas transplantation was not effective in our patients in reversing the clinical and angiographic signs of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, a worsening of the lesions was observed in some cases; this was probably due to the irreversible microangiopathic lesions due to advanced evolution of diabetes.
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PMID:Ophthalmological follow-up of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients after kidney and pancreas transplantation. 193 5

The inbred non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a spontaneous model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). As in man and BB rats, IDDM in the NOD mouse has an autoimmune aetiology. The disease is controlled by several genes, one of which, Idd-1, has been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17. However, Idd-1 has not yet been identified. To facilitate the identification of Idd-1 we have further analysed the MHC region for restriction fragment length polymorphisms and we find that the NOD mouse has a distinct haplotype: H-2K1nod Kd A beta nod A alpha d E beta nod TNF-alpha beta. In addition, the NOD mouse shows some similarities with the H-2b haplotype in the Q region, in that either the Q7 or the Q9 gene seems to be like that in the b-haplotype and that the Qa2 antigen is expressed, while other parts of this region are distinct from the b- as well as the d- haplotype. In contrast, the sister strain, the non-obese normal (NON) mouse, derived from the same cataract-prone line of mice as the NOD mouse, has an MHC Class I region indistinguishable from the b-haplotype, but the MHC Class II region is distinct from the NOD mouse as well as the b-, d- and k-haplotype.
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PMID:Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex of the non-obese diabetic mouse. 197 42

Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in humans is characterized by a T cell mediated destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. This autoimmune response is very similar to that seen in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain. Originally bred from the ICR cataract-prone strain, NOD mice spontaneously develop T cell mediated insulitis and type I diabetes by the age of 6 months. Backcross studies with the NOD mouse strain indicate segregation of at least three recessive genes. One of these, Iddm-1, has been shown to be tightly linked to the mouse MHC, H-2 on chromosome 17. Comparative studies with diabetic patients has also shown linkage to human HLA with protective and predisposing haplotypes being present within the population. In this study we have attempted to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between the genomes of the NOD mouse strain and the diabetes-resistant strain C57BL/10. Such polymorphic loci will be used to screen DNAs from backcross animals that are diagnosed diabetic in an attempt to identify probes linked to the non-H2 disease susceptibility genes.
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PMID:Detection of DNA polymorphisms between two inbred mouse strains--limitations of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 198 36

Transplantation of isolated islets is a promising approach in the treatment of diabetes. We have examined the long-term effects on the late complications of islet transplantation in an experimental diabetes model in the rat. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (70 mg/kg i.v.) and the rats were treated with either insulin (daily injection of 40 U) or transplantation of 1,000 freshly isolated, hand-picked, islets into the left renal subcapsular space. Both islet transplantation and insulin treatment completely normalized the increased levels of blood glucose, urine volume and water intake that were observed in the diabetic rats. The decreased growth rate of the diabetic rats was almost normalized by both treatment protocols. As for late complications, after 3 months, all untreated diabetic rats had cataract. They also had swelling and vacuolation of renal tubular cells, and, consistent with this, very high levels of urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion. Both islet transplantation and insulin treatment completely prevented these late complications. Thus, islet transplantation to the renal subcapsular space is in this experimental model as good as insulin treatment in treating the clinical signs of diabetes and in preventing diabetic complications in the eye and kidney.
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PMID:Islet transplantation to the renal subcapsular space improves late complications in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 207 89

The relationship between red blood cell sorbitol content and diabetic complications (cataract, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) was examined in 23 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) patients. Sorbitol content was abnormally high in 21 cases out of 23 NIDD patients. Sorbitol content in the non-neuropathy group and neuropathy group was 47.3 +/- 11.9 and 59.6 +/- 23.6 nmol/gHb, respectively. In the non-cataract group and cataract group, it was 49.0 +/- 17.6 and 66.0 +/- 23.5 nmol/gHb, respectively. The contents in the Scott I group and Scott II + III group were 54.9 +/- 20.7 and 58.7 +/- 24.0 nmol/gHb, respectively. Sorbitol content in the non-nephropathy group and nephropathy group was 52.8 +/- 19.8 and 61.1 +/- 21.9 nmol/gHb, respectively. The possibility that glyceraldehyde reductase (GAR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) levels in red blood cells are also useful indicators of the presence of diabetic complications is strongly suggested.
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PMID:Studies on clinical markers of diabetes mellitus. 6. Red blood cell sorbitol and diabetic complications. 213 94


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