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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of freezing on the growth of rat lens epithelial cells was studied in vitro. We found that 80% of the lens epithelial cells died after freezing at -45 degrees C for two hours and that the surviving cells could grow with the addition of growth factors or when placed on a sheet of type 4 collagen, but not when placed on a plain plastic culture dish. These results suggest that the surviving cells are at the Go phase of the cell cycle and that type 4 collagen or growth factors can initiate cell division.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1988 May
PMID:Effect of freezing on lens epithelial cell growth. 329 80

Noninfectious corneal ulcers can occur as an isolated ocular problem (e.g., sequela of eye injury, Mooren's ulcer) or they may be associated with various collagen vascular or other autoimmune diseases, sometimes being the presenting sign of the disease. Conditions that affect the integrity of the ocular surface epithelium (exposure keratitis, neurotrophic keratitis, keratomalacia, recurrent corneal erosions) may also lead to development of sterile corneal ulcers. Rarely, these ulcers occur as a complication following cataract surgery. With recent advances in the understanding of the causes and pathophysiology of corneal melting, rapid and effective medical and surgical treatment is often able to halt relentless destruction of the cornea. Since treatment varies vastly depending on the underlying cause of the ulceration, prompt and accurate diagnosis is of critical importance. This review presents guidelines for the diagnosis of corneal ulcers, and a stepwise approach to their medical and surgical treatment.
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PMID:Management of noninfectious corneal ulcers. 331 57

After-cataract, or posterior lens capsule opacification, is an undesirable but common sequela to extracapsular cataract surgery. We are investigating biochemical means to prevent after-cataract formation, which can be applied at the time of the original surgery. Based on similar research efforts in cancer chemotherapy, we have prepared a conjugate of the antimetabolic agent methotrexate with an antibody specific for basement membrane collagen, the major protein in the lens capsule. The conjugate was evaluated using biochemical measurements, and retained both antimetabolic and antibody activities. When the conjugate was applied to bovine posterior capsules in vitro, or in vivo in rabbits, it was an effective inhibitor of lens epithelial cell outgrowth in cell culture.
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PMID:Methotrexate-anticollagen conjugate inhibits in vitro lens cell outgrowth. 359 96

The ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane in Alport's syndrome is well known and characteristic of this disease, but the anterior lenticonus that frequently occurs in this syndrome has not been similarly studied. An anterior lens capsule from a 30-year-old patient with lenticonus who had Alport's syndrome was obtained at capsulectomy and found to be one third the normal thickness centrally and to be more fibrillar than usual. There were large numbers of partial capsular dehiscences containing fibrillar material and vacuoles. Cellular debris and more recent ruptures of lens epithelial cell membranes underlaid the breaks. The anterior capsule is clearly fragile in this disease, forming the basis for the progressive lenticonus and anterior polar cataract. These abnormalities correlate well with a defect in the type IV collagen molecule, as has been recently reported in Alport's syndrome.
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PMID:Lens capsule abnormalities in Alport's syndrome. 368 94

The binding of plasma fibronectin to the collagens I, II, and III was greater in a cohort of glaucoma patients. In contrast, binding of plasma fibronectin to collagen type IV was less in 39 glaucoma patients than in any of 3 other diagnostic categories, including 92 patients that were normal, cataract, and glaucoma suspect patients. This observation may have significance in further understanding the control of aqueous outflow resistance in glaucoma and nonglaucoma patients.
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PMID:Selective binding affinity of human plasma fibronectin for the collagens I-IV. 390 90

Quantification and biosynthesis of type I and type III collagens were determined in skin of control and Fraser mice (CatFraser mutation), which exhibit a genetically determined cataract. Skin organ cultures were labelled with [3H]proline. Pepsin-solubilized collagens were studied using three different approaches: (a) differential salt precipitation at neutral pH, followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (b) differential salt precipitation at acid pH followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (c) CNBr peptide analysis. These methods gave consistent and reproducible results, indicating a selective decrease of type I collagen in Fraser mouse skin as compared to control mouse skin. Metabolic labelling of skin organ cultures showed a decreased specific radioactivity of hydroxy[3H]proline in type I collagen of Fraser mouse skin. The concordant results of these experiments suggest a genetically determined alteration of interstitial collagen metabolism in the Fraser mutation apparently specifically concerning the expression of type I collagen gene(s).
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PMID:Selective decrease of type I collagen synthesis in Fraser mice skin. 393 69

Two cases of corneal hematomas initially manifested as corneal blood staining, but were further complicated by the presence of persistent epithelial defects and stromal thinning. Both cases occurred following cataract surgery. Scanning electron and light microscopic examination in the second case demonstrated a loss of keratocytes, stromal collagen breakdown, and epithelial cell degeneration over the center of the hematoma. Large corneal hematomas may cause epithelial degeneration by functioning as barriers to nutrients and metabolic factors from the anterior chamber. Unlike corneal blood staining, conservative treatment is often insufficient therapy for corneal hematomas with associated persistent epithelial defects. Complications from epithelial defects, including corneal thinning, descemetocele, and perforation, may necessitate more aggressive treatment, even surgery. An epithelial defect overlying blood staining should suggest the presence of a corneal hematoma.
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PMID:Corneal hematoma. 638 43

Posterior capsule opacification following extracapsular cataract extraction is a manifestation of migration of lens epithelial cells onto the posterior capsule. Collagen production by these epithelial cells results in white "fibrotic" opacities. These cells have myoblastic features and their contraction produces wrinkling of the posterior capsule resulting in visual distortion. A high magnification, in vivo specular microscopic study of human posterior capsules following extracapsular cataract extraction is described. In vivo findings correlate with histopathologic observations made on opacified posterior capsules. Lens epithelial cells migrate onto the posterior capsule and produce basement membrane and collagen. Collagen production is associated with a spindle-shaped appearance of the hyperplastic cells. This technique is useful for clinical research on posterior capsule opacification, including the evaluation of interventions designed to treat or prevent this complication.
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PMID:Posterior capsule opacification: a specular microscopic study. 647 22

Opacification of the posterior capsule is the most common post-operative complication of extracapsular cataract surgery. We studied the sequential changes in the posterior capsule of the aphakic cat and monkey after extracapsular surgery using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In the cat, but not the monkey, there was proliferation of a pigment-containing membrane arising from the iris root and ciliary body, and extending onto the residual lens capsule. In both animals there was transformation of residual lens epithelial cells to fibroblasts which contain contractile elements (myofibroblasts) and are associated with collagen deposition. In the cat, pigment epithelial cells from the iris or ciliary body, as well as the transformed lens epithelial cells, contributed to late opacification of the posterior capsule.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of capsular opacification after extracapsular cataract extraction. An animal model. 647 23

We have developed a simple technique in rabbit and baboon eyes that utilizes intravitreally injected perfluoropropane gas, which expands slowly to efficiently compress and displace nearly completely the vitreous body. There is cataract formation after extended contact of the gas bubble with the lens. However, it is rapidly reversible by reducing the duration of lens contact (gas-fluid exchange) and by using young animals. No long-term alterations in intraocular pressure or retinal function were observed, as determined by electroretinography, during the 4-month test period. Gross examination and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the vitreous cavity, shortly after full expansion of the gas bubble, was practically free of collagen. The vitreous body had been detached from most of the retina and compressed into a collagenous strand between the optic nerve head and lens in the rabbit eyes, and there was also a dense collagen accumulation on the inferior retinal surface and anterior vitreous base in the rabbits and the baboon. Large areas of the retina and medullary wings were stripped of overlying collagen. By the end of 4 months, the compressed vitreous body had expanded to become an irregular structure that remained separated from the retina in areas of previous detachment. Mechanized vitrectomy is a difficult procedure often needed in experimental work. We believe that the vitreous compression and gas-fluid exchange technique is a valid alterative to a mechanical approach. We also believe that we have a model that simulates the human situation of posterior vitreous detachment and vitreous syneresis.
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PMID:Gas-mediated vitreous compression: an experimental alternative to mechanized vitrectomy. 648 66


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