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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraocular pressure measurements were taken in 2366 diabetic persons and 381 nondiabetic persons who lived in southern Wisconsin. Diabetic persons tended to have higher mean intraocular pressure than the nondiabetic persons. Higher blood pressure, earlier time of day of IOP measurement, absence of cataract and, in some comparisons, female gender, were significantly associated with higher intraocular pressure. In this study rates of a positive history of glaucoma were higher in diabetic persons than in nondiabetic persons and the population participating in the Health Interview Survey. These findings suggest that ophthalmologists must be aware of the increased risk of glaucoma when evaluating diabetic patients.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure in diabetic persons. 651 2

The response of IOP in the normotensive human eye to Neodym-YAG-laser iridotomy was investigated in this study. In 2 series of 10 patients, each unilateral laser iridotomy was performed with a YAG-laser prior to cataract surgery. In one group laser iridotomy was done without pre-treatment, in the second group laser iridotomy was preceded by treatment with 1% pilocarpine. Close follow-up of IOP before and after surgery was carried out with the Non-Contact-Tonometer. Laser iridotomy caused average IOP rises of 10 mmHg, which could be identified as early as 20 min after surgery, with a maximum of response after 80 min, and a declining IOP from 100 min post-operatively onwards. Pre-treatment with pilocarpine eyedrops could be reduce the laser-mediated IOP rise to less than one fourth. These results recommend a mild miotic for routine pre-treatment for iris laser surgery in order to cope with acute pressure rise as one of the major problems in these procedures.
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PMID:The immediate IOP response of Nd-YAG-laser iridotomy and its prophylactic treatability. 654 56

Amvisc, a purified fraction of sodium hyaluronate, was evaluated and compared with Healon in cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation. Both visco-elastic solutions are valuable adjuncts to intraocular surgery. A number of patients had moderately elevated IOP after these solutions had been used in the anterior chamber. This moderate elevation was observed less frequently with Amvisc than with Healon, and may be attributed to the lower viscosity of Amvisc. Both visco-elastic solutions provide good endothelial protection as evidenced by the minimal corneal edema seen in both groups. Postoperative anterior chamber inflammation was minimal in all patients in this study.
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PMID:Amvisc in extracapsular cataract extraction. 663 7

Animal studies were conducted to compare variations in intraocular (IOP) and posterior segment pressure (PSP) during general anesthesia to assess the role of PSP in the development of anesthesia for ophthalmological procedures. Anesthetic agents appear to have a marked effect on IOP during operations involving opening of hypertonic globe or examinations of children under general anesthesia, but their action on IOP has no significance during procedures requiring opening of the anterior chamber because of alteration of aqueous humor physiology. The PSP, defined as pressure in the posterior segment when the anterior segment is at atmospheric pressure, is the main factor affecting surgical conditions, a rise in PSP possibly resulting in typical complications of cataract surgery but having beneficial effects in corneal grafts for example. Posterior segment pressure cannot be studied in humans and an experimental model using rabbits under artificial ventilation following tracheotomy after general anesthesia was developed. Pressure gauges recorded arterial and central venous pressures and were connected to needles inserted in both eyes to monitor IOP and PSP, the latter from a needle passed into the anterior chamber through the cornea, which was incised over the needle to enable permanent drainage of aqueous humor. All pressures were recorded simultaneously and no correlations were observed between IOP and PSP after pentobarbitone, neosynephrine, succinylcholine, or asphyxia (interruption of ventilation and curarization). These findings suggest that IOP is not a valid measurement for assessment of anesthetic techniques, whereas PSP provides a better guideline for development of ophthalmological anesthesia.
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PMID:[Experimental study of changes in the pressure of the posterior segment of the eye under general anesthesia. Consequences for surgery of the anterior segment]. 663 Aug 89

Thirty-seven eyes with open-angle glaucoma were treated by trabeculectomy and 34 eyes were treated by thermosclerostomy. Thermosclerostomy lowered intraocular pressure to a slightly greater extent than trabeculectomy; however, the average difference was not statistically significant except for the second year. After five years, IOPs were less than 22 mm Hg without additional medications or surgery in 24 (65%) of eyes undergoing trabeculectomy and in 14 (41%) of eyes undergoing thermosclerostomy. When eyes were included that were treated with medication or additional glaucoma or cataract surgery, over 90% of eyes in each group had an IOP less than 22 mm Hg. Visual acuity declined frequently in both groups, and progression of cataract was the most common cause. Loss of visual acuity occurred much more frequently in patients who were older than 60 years than in younger patients.
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PMID:Trabeculectomy v thermosclerostomy. A five-year follow-up. 670 6

Cataract surgery after goniotrepanation has been performed on 75 eyes at the St. Demetrius Hospital Eye Clinic in Thessaloniki , Greece, in recent years. The patients' ages ranged from 46 to 84 years. Intraocular pressure was between 8 and 19 mm Hg in all but 4 eyes which had IOPs of between 22 and 30 mm Hg. In order to leave the fistula untouched, the incision with the Graefe knife was made in the area of the cornea close to the limbus; it was closed with 7 sutures (7-0 silk). Prolapse of the vitreous occurred in 7 cases. It was possible to follow up 52 of the eyes: IOP remained regulated postoperatively with one exception (26 mm Hg); the upper pressure limit was 18 mm Hg.
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PMID:[Cataract operation following goniotrepanation]. 672 35

Twenty-six eyes in which IOP had been regulated at a mean 14 mmHg by goniotrepanation were operated on for cataract after an interval of at least 4 years. On exposing the scleral flap the authors discovered gray-black funiculi on the two unsutured vertical sides, representing new fluid-permeable membranous tissue. Beneath them was a fairly small fluid-filled space, the " parathalmus " - a kind of secondary anterior chamber.
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PMID:[The role of the parathalamus in covered sclerectomy]. 672 48

In general the combined cataract/glaucoma operation is a good procedure for treating cataract and glaucoma simultaneously. The operation was performed in 157 eyes between 1976 and 1980. The mean IOP remained constant after surgery for a follow-up period of over three years on average. The review covered 136 eyes, of which 103 needed no therapy initially after the operation; now only 78 have good IOP without drug therapy. It seems that some time after the operation glaucoma therapy is needed again. The question arises whether it is better to perform a combined operation or to perform trabeculectomy first and cataract extraction later, or even if it is better to perform cataract extraction alone and continue with drug therapy for the glaucoma.
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PMID:[Results of combined cataract/glaucoma operations (author's transl)]. 710 90

Trabeculectomy was carried out 145 times on 113 eyes of 100 patients, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or secondary glaucoma. The complications of this surgery found during the follow-up period from 0.5 to 3 years were analyzed according to the preplanned protocol. The shallow anterior chamber (AC), i.e. AC depth being less than half of the depth before surgery, was found in 51.7%, flat AC, i.e. iridocorneal contact from the periphery to the pupillary margin, in 15.9%, hyphema in 17.9% and choroidal detachment in 33.9%. The shallow AC usually disappeared within several days and only in 2.8% was this complication prolonged over one week. The choroidal detachment disappeared within 3 days in most cases, and in only 0.7% was surgical intervention required for its treatment. Progression of cataract, as defined by diminution of the visual acuity more than 2 lines of the acuity chart, was found in 38.6%. The choroidal detachment and cataract progression were significantly more frequent in eyes with the shallow AC. Simple statistics gave a figure of about 70% for the rate of IOP control below 21 mmHg. A life-table analysis gave the 2-year success probability of about 57% in POAG after the first trabeculectomy. After repeating the procedure twice in the same eye, the success probability was about 37%, but after 3 or more repeated operations it was only 10% after one year.
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PMID:A critical analysis of the trabeculectomy results by a prospective follow-up design. 716 5

Typical eye changes in dialysis patients, which have been attributed to an osmotic disequilibrium, are elevated IOP, retinal edema or detachment, and cataract. This paper reports on a 66-year-old aphakic patient on intermittent hemodialysis, who developed corneal changes that may also be consequential to a disequilibrium. During hemodialysis treatments she repeatedly developed corneal swellings and bullous detachment of the corneal epithelium. These changes were always reversible during the period between treatments. Examination with the reflecting microscope demonstrated an endothelial cell density of 600/mm2, which is assumed to be the threshold density capable of maintaining corneal integrity under normal conditions, but is inadequate under the osmotic stress induced by hemodialysis. Methods of treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[Recurrent corneal swelling accompanying intermittent hemodialysis in terminal kidney failure (author's transl(]. 723 Jun 81


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