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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The AO II non-contact tonometer (NCT) was compared with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) in 50 patients preoperatively and on the first day after cataract surgery. After pooling the preoperative and postoperative values, the relationship between NCT (y axis) and GAT (x axis) was described by the following regression: y = 1.01x - 0.69, where 1.01 is the slope and -0.69 (in mm Hg) is the y intercept of the regression line. The standard deviation (SD) in relation to the regression line was 2.19 mm Hg (y values). After separating the preoperative (n = 100; pressure range 6-21 mm Hg) and postoperative values (n = 47; pressure range 6-30 mm Hg) the following equations were obtained: preoperatively: y = 0.89x + 0.82 (SD 2.2 mm Hg); postoperatively: y = 1.06x - 1.15 (SD 2.24 mm Hg). Since the postoperative regression line comes close to that required for legal verification, the NCT may - with limitations - also be recommended for measuring IOP after cataract surgery. Both preoperatively and postoperatively, a significantly linear relationship was found between corneal thickness and the difference GAT minus NCT readings. This implies that in normal eyes with thin corneas the NCT tends to underestimate IOP, while in eyes with thick corneas there is a tendency to overestimate IOP. Even slight corneal edema (postoperatively) reduces this effect.
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PMID:[Pre- and postoperative non-contact tonometry]. 224 82

We investigated the efficacy of cyclocryotherapy, a procedure which destroys the ciliary epithelium, thereby decreasing the production of aqueous humor, by retrospectively studying 109 eyes with advanced primary congenital glaucoma that had undergone the procedure. The eyes were divided into two groups: group I comprised 75 eyes (69%) that had undergone conventional surgical procedures for congenital glaucoma prior to cyclocryotherapy; group II, 34 eyes (31%) that had not undergone any such previous procedures. All eyes were followed for at least 12 months after the last cyclocryotherapy. With "success" defined as "having an IOP greater than or equal to 8 mmHg, greater than or equal to 19 mmHg with or without medication," the success rate in all eyes was 30%, with no significant difference between the success rates in groups I and II (P greater than .05). Chronic hypotony (IOP less than 8 mmHg) was found in seven eyes (6%). Six eyes (6%) developed cataract during the course of treatment with cyclocryotherapy. Cyclocryotherapy appears to be a reasonable addition to the treatment of eyes with advanced, uncontrolled, primary congenital glaucoma.
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PMID:Cyclocryotherapy in selected cases of congenital glaucoma. 227 Jan 65

One hundred successive patients were operated on for cataract under periocular anaesthesia. The patients were divided into 3 groups to study the effect of extraocular compression on intraocular pressure. In the control group (C-O), no compression was used. In the other 2 groups, compression was applied immediately after local injection of the anaesthetic for either 10 (C-10) or 20 min (C-20). In the control group, a periocular local anaesthetic increased the IOP in 27 of 36 patients, the average increase being 3.8 mmHg (at 10 min). Postanaesthetic compression of the eye led to a decrease in intraocular pressure, which is beneficial for the operative procedure. During the first 10 min, the mean intraocular pressure decreased by 3.1 and 4.0 mmHg in groups C-10 and C-20, respectively. In the C-20 group, there was a further (1.3 mmHg) reduction in intraocular pressure between 10 and 20 min.
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PMID:Effect of ocular compression (Autopressor) on intraocular pressure in periocular anaesthesia. 235 15

Between 1982 and 1985, cataract extraction was performed on 144 eyes of 122 diabetics, and the early and late complications of the operation were recorded. There was seldom any intraoperative hemorrhaging or any postoperative anterior chamber hemorrhaging. On the first day after the operation, increased IOP was measured more frequently in diabetic patients than in those without diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy deteriorated in 12 eyes, while hemorrhaging glaucomas occurred in 5 eyes.
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PMID:[Early and late complications in cataract extraction in diabetic patients]. 243 96

One hundred eyes of 95 patients were operated with vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Penetrating trauma (PT)-22 eyes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)-14 eyes, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)-64 eyes. All of the eyes had retinal detachment including the macula. Final attachment of the retina was achieved in 40% of PT, 50% of PDR, and 60% of PVR. Improvement of visual acuity following the operation was noted in 54% of PT, 43% of PDR, and 67% of PDR. Postoperative complications included band keratopathy, elevation of IOP, hypotony, and cataract. Neovascularization of the iris, either preoperative or postoperative, is associated with very poor prognosis.
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PMID:Management of complicated retinal detachment by vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. 247 41

At the present time, corticosteroids are still the most effective class of drugs for the treatment of ocular inflammation. However, since their prolonged use may result in severe ocular side effects, it would be therapeutically beneficial to develop nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have similar or greater efficacy than steroids, but do not share their ocular side effects. Several currently available non-steroidal drugs have been used clinically as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for the following: 1. Prevention of pupillary constriction during intraocular surgery (cataract extraction). 2. Prevention of postoperative inflammation, i.e., incidence of anterior chamber cellular reaction and aqueous flare (breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier) and IOP rise following cataract surgery, intraocular lens implantation, and argon laser trabeculoplasty. 3. Prevention of contact lens induced corneal neovascularization. 4. Improvement of lens opacity (bendazac). 5. Prevention of cystoid macular edema following intraocular surgery. Treatment over long-term period may be effective; postoperative treatment is ineffective. 6. Prevention of conjunctival hyperemia. Some prophylactic ocular uses such as prevention of surgical miosis or postoperative fluorescein leakage have been reported to be successful. However, it is unclear whether the reported success reflected the pharmacological effects due to inhibition of the AA cascade - and hence, reflects the role of some eicosanoids in surgical miosis or postoperative fluorescein leakage - or reflect the effects of these drugs on unexplored physiological or pharmacological mechanisms. For example, pretreatment with flurbiprofen to prevent surgical miosis was based on the assumption that PGs are potent miotic agents in all mammals, including humans. It remains to be established however, whether the small reduction in the extent of pupillary miosis is due to prevention of PG synthesis by this drug or to the prevention of the synthesis of other AA products, such as prostacyclin and thromboxane or possibly to some entirely different mechanism. Prevention of post-surgical fluorescein leakage by prophylactic pre and/or post surgical treatment with a variety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is also assumed to be due to inhibition of intraocular PG synthesis, although the possibility that it is due to prevention of the synthesis of prostacyclin or TxA2 has not been ruled out. Even more important, it has not been demonstrated that prevention of this post operative fluorescein leakage reflects the prevention or inhibition of true CME and associated loss of visual acuity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade in the management of ocular inflammation. 250 26

IOP was retrospectively studied in 229 consecutive cases of PK, with a mean follow-up period of 84 weeks. Twenty-seven percent of the cases had preoperative glaucoma, three-fourths of which were medically controlled prior to keratoplasty. Following PK, 34% of the total sample developed sustained elevated IOP but only five (2%) patients required surgical treatment for glaucoma. The mean time from PK to first IOP rise was 24 weeks. Variables which were significantly associated with IOP rise included preoperative glaucoma (P less than .001), aphakia (P less than .01), and IOL removal (P less than .01). When eyes with preoperative diagnoses of glaucoma were excluded from the analysis, aphakia was no longer associated with postoperative IOP rise. Keratoconus patients were at significantly less risk than patients with other corneal diagnoses. Factors not associated with IOP rise included previous PKs, pseudophakia, intraoperative vitrectomy, PAS lysis, iridoplasty, secondary IOL placement, and concomitant cataract extraction with IOL (triple procedure).
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PMID:Elevated intraocular pressure following penetrating keratoplasty. 256 33

The long term tonometric results of laser (Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty) and surgical (Trabeculectomy and combined-surgery) treatment in Primitive Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma are analysed on 184 eyes by a retrospective study. Three groups of patients are compared: group I: 81 trabeculoplasties followed 4 years, group II: 75 trabeculectomies followed 5 years, group III: 28 combined-surgery (intra-capsular cataract extraction without implantation combined with a trabeculectomy) followed 5 years. For the three groups, reduce of IOP is noted after 6 months but seems less important after 30 months. Instantaneous results curves show a success rate of 80 to 100% (of which 10 to 20% with additional medical treatment). But cumulative failures rates are higher: more than 50% at 4 years for group I and group II, and only 29% at 5 years for group III. These results are confirmed by actuarial curves: group I: probability success rate of 65% at 4 years group II: probability success rate of 49% at 5 years group III: probability success rate of 73% at 5 years. The comparison of group I and II by actuarial curves is not statistically significant (Logrank test: chi 2 = 0.05). We had discussed the advantage of a new prospective randomised study.
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PMID:[Trabeculectomy and trabeculo-retraction in the treatment of chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. Long-term tonometric results]. 263 97

The effects of using epinephrine in the irrigating fluid and intracameral acetylcholine were studied by measuring changes in pupil size in the 48 hours following extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in 39 eyes. Epinephrine reduced peroperative pupil constriction, but its effect was insignificant thereafter. The pupil constriction following acetylcholine was maximal at 2 hours and was still significant at 4 hours, but pupils redilated by 6 hours. Neither drug had any effect after this time. The edge of most lens implants was visible at 6 hours, after which pupils steadily constricted.
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PMID:Pupil size after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation: a prospective randomized trial of epinephrine and acetylcholine. 277 70

Long term use of topical & systemic steroids produce secondary open angle glaucoma similar to chronic simple glaucoma. The increased IOP caused by prolonged steroid therapy is reversible but the damage produced by it is irreversible. In this study, we analysed 25 patients (44 eyes) with steroid induced glaucoma, who reported to us with dimness of vision, haloes and elevated I.O.P. and were using steroids for long duration due to various causes. The behaviour of the I.O.P. due to different steroid preparations, the type of lenticular change, and the management of those cases are discussed in this paper. From our study we conclude that dexamethasone and betamethasone both topical as well as systemic are more potent in producing glaucoma and cataract than medrysone and prednisolone. The condition is reversible without permanent damage when the duration of steroid therapy is short and vice versa.
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PMID:Steroid induced glaucoma and cataract. 280 93


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