Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increased glycosylation of various proteins in diabetic patients has been reported by many authors. In the present study, the extent of non-enzymatic glycosylation in diabetic patients with or without chronic complications was investigated. Eighty-five diabetic patients were studied, 20 were without any clinical evidence of chronic complications while the remainder were suffering from cataract (n = 18), retinopathy (n = 16), peripheral neuropathy (n = 16) and cardiovascular complications like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and hypertension (n = 15). All patients were selected on clinical grounds. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects of similar age and weight were studied as control subjects. Fasting plasma glucose was increased in all diabetic patients and correlated significantly with glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma protein and serum fructosamine concentrations. There was no significant difference between diabetic patients with or without chronic complications in the levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated plasma proteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, mucoprotein, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose. Alpha-2 globulin fraction was increased in both uncomplicated and complicated diabetic patients and albumin was found to be decreased in patients with cataract, peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Alpha-1 and beta globulins were significantly decreased in patients with cardiovascular diseases and retinopathy respectively while gamma globulin was increased in retinopathy patients. In uncomplicated diabetic patients alpha-1 glycoprotein was decreased and gamma glycoprotein was increased. In diabetic patients with retinopathy, alpha-1 glycoprotein was elevated significantly while beta glycoprotein was decreased.
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PMID:Changes in glycosylated proteins in long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. 216 68

Gangliosides were isolated from human senile cataractous lenses by solvent extraction, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. The content and composition of gangliosides were examined in individual lens tissues. Three predominant gangliosides, GM3, GM1, and GD1a, were tentatively identified in comparison with authentic brain gangliosides, and several unidentified gangliosides were also recognized. The increase in ganglioside content per mg of protein content in cataractous lenses was found to be influenced by two physiologic parameters: aging and cataract progression. The mature cataractous lenses showed a higher ganglioside level on a protein basis than the immature lenses compared with the same age group. On the basis of statistical analysis, an age-dependent increase in ganglioside concentration was recognized in both mature and immature lens groups. The relative increase in slow-moving polysialogangliosides on thin-layer chromatography seemed to be caused by the maturation of cataract. The sugar composition of one of the polysialogangliosides was found to be glucose, galactose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio of 2:1:4; this suggests the presence of a unique ganglioside species in human cataractous lens.
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PMID:Increase in lens gangliosides due to aging and cataract progression in human senile cataract. 221 Oct 13

Sibling cases of familial vitamin E deficiency accompanied by ataxia, polyneuropathy and mental retardation were reported. Case 1 was a 37-year-old male who developed progressive gait disturbance, deformity of the feet and head tremor from childhood, after normal delivery and development of early childhood. On physical examination, he had cataract, high arched palate and pes cavus. Neurological examination revealed mental retardation (WAIS 68), scanning speech, muscular atrophy of the face and extremities with predominance in the lower limbs, absent Achilles tendon reflex, disturbance of superficial and deep sensation predominant in distal limbs, and marked gait ataxia. Ataxia was both cerebellar and sensory in nature. Laboratory data of the blood showed no significant abnormalities including blood glucose and vitamin B12 except a markedly low level of serum vitamin E. The brain CT scan revealed severe cerebellar atrophy and marked dilatation of the cisterna magna and the subarachnoid space around the cerebellum. Motor nerve conduction velocity in the leg was decreased. Biopsy specimen from the quadriceps muscle showed neurogenic atrophy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed decrease in large myelinated fibers with axonal degeneration and regeneration. Oral administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate, 600 mg per day, diminished ataxia significantly. Based on lysosomal enzyme activity in leukocytes, clinical and laboratory examination, lipidosis or spinocerebellar degeneration was excluded. Chronic lipid malabsorption or beta lipoprotein deficiency which can cause decrease in vitamin E absorption, was not recognized. On oral loading with 2 g of alpha-tocopherol acetate, the decrease rate of serum vitamin E was normal. Consequently the low vitamin E was considered to have resulted from selective impairment of vitamin E absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Familial idiopathic vitamin E deficiency associated with cerebellar atrophy]. 226 7

A typical case of Werner's syndrome was described. All characteristic features were present i.e.: atrophy of muscle and subcutaneous tissue, especially in distal parts of limbs, reduced and gray hairs, numerous atrophic ulcers and hyperkeratotic lesions in points under the pressure (elbow, feet), diffused osteoporosis in all bones, the most intensive in hands and feet, activity dental caries, bilateral cataract, high pitched, horse voice, caused by atrophy of voice cords, endocrinologic disturbances especially concerning testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin, hypoplasia of external genitals, the abnormal blood glucose curve. Far reaching resemblance of the Werner's syndrome to the physiological senility was emphasized. Good reaction to anabolic drugs was described.
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PMID:[Werner's Syndrome]. 228 45

Cataract, the major cause of blindness world-wide, may be caused partly by modification of lens proteins by carbamylation and non-enzymic glycosylation (glycation) in some patients. Aspirin has been found to protect against these modifications and to prevent cyanate-induced opacification occurring in whole rate lenses. Ibuprofen is an aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drug which appeared as a protective factor against cataract in an Oxford case-control study. The binding of cyanate, galactose and glucose 6-phosphate to lens proteins, and the effect of ibuprofen on this reaction was investigated, as was cyanate-induced opacification in whole rat lenses. Labelled metabolite was incubated with bovine lens homogenate in the presence and absence of ibuprofen, and the incorporation of label into the lens homogenate was followed. Simultaneous and preincubation experiments were performed. Intact rat lenses were incubated in culture medium with and without cyanate and ibuprofen. The phase separation temperature was noted as the temperature at which opacity first appeared on cooling. Cyanate, galactose and glucose 6-phosphate bind progressively to lens proteins. Simultaneous incubation with ibuprofen reduces cyanate and galactose binding but not glucose 6-phosphate. Ibuprofen protects against opacities due to cyanate-induced phase separation. Ibuprofen has protected against cataract in the models of cataractogenesis in this study. It appears to have a different mechanism of action from that of aspirin. These studies provide some support for the idea, based on epidemiological findings, that ibuprofen might be a useful anti-cataract drug.
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PMID:Ibuprofen, a putative anti-cataract drug, protects the lens against cyanate and galactose. 231 79

We studied the metabolic and hormonal responses to cataract surgery in 18 elderly patients, allocated randomly to receive either general anaesthesia or local analgesia by means of a retrobulbar block. Local analgesia prevented the increases in circulating cortisol and glucose concentrations found in those patients who received general anaesthesia. The results show that complete afferent sensory block of the operative site inhibited endocrine and metabolic responses to ophthalmic surgery.
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PMID:Local analgesia prevents the cortisol and glycaemic responses to cataract surgery. 233 17

Intact rat lenses were incubated in riboflavin-containing Tyrode solution or medium-199, generating photochemically active species of oxygen and the oxidative stress measured in terms of the decrease in active accumulation of rubidium, and the fall in the levels of glutathione and ATP. Addition of pyruvate to the medium prevented the tissue against oxidative damage as evidenced by a greater accumulation of rubidium and higher levels of glutathione and ATP. Pyruvate was thus found to be effective against the toxicity of oxygen derivatives, particularly the hydrogen peroxide. In dark experiments also, conducted in glucose-free medium, the uptake of rubidium was substantially greater in the presence of pyruvate. The levels of ATP were also higher. These results, therefore, suggest that this ketoacid is beneficial to the tissue through its ability to decompose H2O2 as well through providing a metabolic support. The development of in vitro cataract under the photochemical effects of riboflavin and oxygen was also effectively thwarted by pyruvate. The results are thus potentially useful from the point of view of developing pyruvate and similar compounds as effective anticataract agents.
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PMID:Photoinduction of cataracts in rat lens in vitro. Preventive effect of pyruvate. 237 72

We performed an epidemiological study to identify risk factors of cataract based on 2,243 subjects who underwent a general health checkup. Each subject underwent a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test and blood chemistry analysis. The prevalence rate of cataract was higher in diabetic subjects in their 50s than in nondiabetics in the same age range (p less than 0.01). The incidence of vesicular and radial lens opacity was higher in diabetics than in nondiabetics (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Diabetes as risk factor of cataract: differentiation by retroillumination photography and image analysis. 238 57

Nineteen children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were assessed for microangiopathic complications in the University Department of Paediatrics, Singapore. Of 17 who underwent nerve conduction studies, all showed impaired nerve conduction velocities, with more sensory than motor nerve involvement. The extent of neuropathy was significantly correlated with the duration of disease. Of five children who showed significant proteinuria, two had impaired creatinine clearance, two had cataract formation, and two retinopathy, in one background and in one proliferative. Our study showed a high prevalence of microangiopathic complications in these diabetic children and it is hoped that improved blood glucose control, with the aid of home blood glucose monitoring, may minimize or arrest the microangiopathic complications.
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PMID:Microangiopathy in Singapore diabetic children. 241 47

One mm thick layers were reproducibly sliced from the punched-out inner cylinder of bovine lenses. The layers were obtained by a special designed freeze-sectioning device. Biochemical analysis of these layers revealed a detailed picture of the lenticular distribution of the amount of water-insoluble and urea-insoluble fractions. Furthermore, the distribution of the content of glucose, fructose and sorbitol was established. The results clearly show the usefulness of a microsectioning device to obtain layers for subsequent biochemical analysis which may lead to a comprehensive understanding of age- and/or cataract-related alterations within one lens.
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PMID:Biochemical analysis of bovine lens sections obtained by a new sectioning device. 248 16


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