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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The submitted paper deals with an epidemic of severe postoperative panophthalmitis, its development, course, causes and sequelae incl. epidemiological characteristics. The disease developed in four patients 40 hours after operation of cataract. Despite treatment all four patients developed septicaemia and therefore the affected eyeballs were eviscerated. From smears of the conjunctival sac of the affected patients and from the contents of the eviscerated eyeball Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloaceae were cultivated. The authors draw attention to the epidemiological association with the eye lotion BSS which was used from which Proteus mirabilis and E. coli were cultivated and with the Ringer solution from which Enterobacter cloaceae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were cultivated. An epidemiological analysis of the epidemic was made and provisions were defined to rule out its recurrence.
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PMID:[Panophthalmitis as a nosocomial infection]. 136 55

We conducted a randomised prospective controlled study to determine the effects of a glucose glutathione bicarbonate solution (BSS Plus) and a citrate acetate bicarbonate solution (S-MA2) on the corneal endothelium in patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to receive BSS Plus, and the other eye to receive S-MA2. BSS Plus caused significantly less corneal swelling on the first postoperative day than did S-MA2. There was no difference between the two solutions in their effect on corneal thickness one week and one month postoperatively. Computer assisted morphometric analysis of wide-field specular microscopic photographs demonstrated minimal changes in endothelial morphological characteristics in the eyes irrigated with BSS Plus. By comparison S-MA2, caused a significant loss of endothelial cells and a marked reduction in the figure coefficient. These results indicated that BSS Plus has a clinical advantage over S-MA2 with respect to the corneal endothelium.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on the corneal endothelium in intraocular lens implantation. 187 66

A complication arising from vitrectomy is the formation of cataract. As a result of an intra- and postoperative tamponade chosen (BSS, air, SF6-gas, silicon oil) the size and frequency of the cataract varies accordingly. 6 months after vitrectomy Scheimpflug photography and microdensitometric evaluation of the negatives were performed on 30 pairs of phacic eyes showing changes in the transparency of the lens. Following silicon oil tamponade a significant deterioration of transparency (t-test) was observed in the lens nucleus of the operated eye; in the area of the lens in front of the nucleus a marked but not significant deterioration of transparency was discovered following both silicon oil and SF6-gas tamponade. In the case of the area in front of the nucleus following SF6-gas tamponade as well as the whole of the lens following BSS or air tamponade a small but not at all significant difference in lens transparency was apparent after comparison of the operated to the non-operated eyes.
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PMID:[Lens changes following intraocular tamponade in vitrectomy. Linear densitometric image analysis of Scheimpflug photographs 6 months after operation]. 189 46

Intraocular irrigating solutions of varying compositions and costs are available for cataract surgery. We studied preoperative and two months postoperative extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implant corneal endothelial cell size in two groups. One group had received an intraoperative irrigating solution of lactated Ringer's with dextrose and bicarbonate. The other irrigating solution was BSS Plus which differs chiefly in the presence of glutathione. A nonstatistically significant trend in favor of BSS Plus was observed.
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PMID:Intraocular irrigating solutions: a clinical study of BSS plus and dextrose bicarbonate lactated Ringer's solution. 203 73

An extracapsular cataract extraction was performed on both eyes of 24 rabbits. Irrigation for 10 min of the capsular bag of the left (test) eye with 8-12 cm3 of 1 litre of BSS-plus to which had been added 50 mg of 5-fluorouracil significantly inhibited proliferation of the anterior capsular epithelium as compared with the right (control) eyes identically treated except for the omission of 5-fluorouracil (p less than 0.001). Corneal endothelial counts did not differ significantly. A reduction in opacification of the posterior capsule is expected from 5-fluorouracil treatment.
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PMID:Inhibition of posterior capsule opacification by 5-fluorouracil in rabbits. 208 39

Pharmacological inhibition of capsule opacification e.g. using antimitotics such as daunomycin is a promising concept. Our own in vitro studies on cultured porcine lens epithelial cells have shown, that daunomycin penetrates the cells within at least 5 minutes. It possesses a low acute cytotoxicity and significantly inhibits epithelial cell proliferation at dose dependent concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/l. In addition, in vitro studies on isolated pig corneas showed almost no corneal endothelial toxicity. After 10 resp. 30 min. exposure to 7.5 mg/l daunomycin, there was only 4.8 +/- 1.6 resp. 6.1 +/- 1.5% endothelial damage that dit not significantly differ from BSS serving as control. Encouraged by our clinical experience of good anterior segment tolerance of 7.5 mg/l daunomycin when used during vitrectomy in PVR, we started a prospective clinical trial to assess the effect to daunomycin on capsular opacification after ECCE with endo-capsular IOL implantation using the envelope technique. After agreement of the medical ethic commission we chose 6 patients with a mean age of 78 (72-83), no other ocular or general diseases and bilateral cataract of identical morphology and density. After written consent of the patients their first eye was operated using BSS as control. At least 4 weeks later the second eye was operated and received 0.5 ml of daunomycin (7.5 mg/l) applied during 5 minutes into the cleaned capsular bag, leaving the anterior capsular flap and a Healon filled anterior chamber to protect the surrounding intraocular structures. Mean postoperative control time actually is 12 (6-17) months for the controls and 10 (5-14) months for the eyes treated with daunomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention of secondary cataract by intracapsular administration of the antimitotic daunomycin]. 225 Sep 27

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chambers lens in 3 groups of patients. Group I (30 patients): Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) was used during anterior capsulotomy and lens implantation and was aspirated at the end of surgery. Group II (22 patients): Healon as in group I + 500 mg acetazolamide at the end of surgery. Group III (17 patients): BSS and/or air was used instead of Healon during surgery. In all groups statistically significant rises in IOP after 6 h were followed by significant falls in the remaining post-operative period. The rise and subsequent fall in IOP was significantly greater in group I than in group III. Acetazolamide in group II did not prevent excessive rises in IOP. Aspiration probably shortens the period of Healon-induced hypertension. We recommend a meticulous aspiration of Healon at the end of surgery.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure in the first days after implantation of posterior chamber lenses with the use of sodium hyaluronate (Healon). 352 3

Commercially available 1% acetylcholine chloride and 0.01% carbachol chloride, which are commonly used as miotics in intraocular surgery, have recently been reformulated. Comparative studies of these agents show similar miotic activity. However, in vitro perfusion of human corneas demonstrated that 1% acetylcholine chloride causes marked changes in endothelial function and ultrastructure as compared to carbachol or BSS Plus. This study showed that 0.01% carbachol chloride was less toxic to the corneal endothelium than 1% acetylcholine chloride and suggests that 1% acetylcholine should not be used in corneas with compromised endothelium as in primary corneal endotheliopathies.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Jan
PMID:Comparison of intraocular acetylcholine and carbachol. 395 45

Simplified manual forms of extracapsular cataract extraction appear to be more economical, yet as safe and simple as techniques employing more complex instrumentation. The following method, employed in 40,000 cases, seems to the author to be an efficient and effective way of performing cataract extraction. One hour prior to surgery, modified retrobulbar anesthesia alone is employed using the technique described, and provides adequate akinesia as well as anesthesia. Positive pressure is applied to the eye preoperatively to assure softness of the globe at the time of surgery. An anterior capsulectomy is made with scissors, using the open-sky technique. Following the delivery of the lens nucleus and as much cortex as possible with a lens loop, the remaining cortex is removed with an angled, 23-gauge, double irrigation-aspiration cannula. Filtered balance salt solution, containing gentamycin flows into the eye through the side port (inflow) and a 3-cc syringe with 2 cc BSS for irrigation-aspiration is connected to the other (aspiration) port. A single, 25-gauge, angled irrigation cannula is used to clean up the finger cortical remains. A firm-loop intraocular lens is inserted into the capsular bag. The posterior capsule is left intact.
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PMID:My method of extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. 402 61

Healon was used in penetrating keratoplasty in order to assess the effect on donor cornea. Forty patients were divided into four groups. In Group 1, there were 20 patients who underwent intracapsular cataract extraction, intraocular lens implantation, and penetrating keratoplasty. In Group 2, there were 10 patients who underwent intracapsular cataract extraction and corneal graft surgery. In Group 3, there were four patients with corneal dystrophy who underwent penetrating keratoplasty; and in Group 4, there were six patients with decompensated corneas who had intraocular lenses in situ and who underwent corneal replacement surgery. In each group, half of the patients randomly selected were treated with Healon, while the remaining patients served as controls and were treated with air/BSS. Healon treated recipients lost fewer endothelial cells and had thinner corneas than their control group counterparts. The intraocular pressure was slightly higher in the Healon group, but was easily controlled by proper medication. Healon was found to be beneficial to the patient and a safe adjunct in penetrating keratoplasty surgery.
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PMID:The use of Healon in corneal transplant surgery with and without intraocular lenses. 638 63


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