Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An experimental aphakic rabbit model was employed in order to evaluate the correlation of the clinical course of postoperative endophthalmitis and the ability to recover microorganisms in the postoperative time period, the ocular antibiotic penetration of gentamicin, and the value of antibiotic prophylaxis. 2. Staphylococcus aureus is far more pathogenic organism than Staphylococcus epidermidis. A concentration of 5,000 organisms resulted in an 88% infection rate whereas 50,000 organisms and greater resulted in 100% infection rate after extracapsular cataract extraction. 3. Staphylococcus aureus could be isolated from the eyes demonstrating infection following cataract extraction for 2 days (3 days in one case) and then could no longer be recovered despite the persistance of intraocular inflammation. 4. The infection which appeared in animals receiving 5,000 organisms of Staphylococcus aureus after peripheral iridectomy was significantly milder than that which occurred following cataract extraction. In addition, the microorganisms could only be isolated on the first postoperative day. 5. When 20 mg of gentamicin sulfate was administered subconjunctivally following the post-cataract extraction or post-iridectomy administration of the 5,000 organisms of Staphylococcus aureus, none of the eyes developed clinical signs of endophthalmitis nor could bacteria be recovered. 6. Subconjunctivally administered gentamicin sulfate rapidly penetrated into the aphakic rabbit eye; 75-100 mug/ml appears in the aqueous humor at 1 hour and persists in bactericidal concentrations for at least 4 hours in both the treated and contralateral eyes. 7. Antimicrobial (subconjlnctival gentamicin sulfate 20 mg/prophylaxis at the time of surgery in the experimental animal significantly reduced the incidence of experimental postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis.
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PMID:Subconjunctival gentamicin prophylaxis against postoperative endophthalmitis in the rabbit. 100 11

We compared the effect of Occucoat (2% hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose), Viscoat (sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate), and Healon (sodium hyaluronate) on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and endothelial cell damage. One hundred fourteen patients having planned extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation using a viscomaterial were prospectively randomized into one of five groups. Group I received Occucoat which was removed from the anterior chamber at the conclusion of surgery. Group II received Occucoat which was not removed (retained). Group III received Viscoat which was removed, Group IV received Viscoat which was retained, and Group V received Healon which was removed. No prophylactic ocular hypotensive medications were given. Intraocular pressure was measured at four hours, 24 hours, one week, one month, three months, and one year postoperatively. Compared to preoperative IOP, all groups had a significant IOP increase at four hours. All but the Viscoat removed group (Group III) showed a statistically significant increase at 24 hours postoperatively (P less than .05). No group had a significant increase at one week or later. Specular microscopy showed no significant difference in cell loss between any of the groups at three months or within each group when compared to preoperative cell counts (P greater than .1).
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 Jan
PMID:Prospective comparison of the effects of Occucoat, Viscoat, and Healon on intraocular pressure and endothelial cell loss. 200 54

Following insertion of either Healon (sodium hyaluronate) or Viscoat (sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate) into the anterior chamber of human eye bank eyes, a controlled amount of small air bubbles was introduced into the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification. After vital staining, damage to endothelial cells in the central cornea was quantified. Endothelial damage averaged 4.5% in eyes in which no viscoelastic was used (positive control), whereas damage was only 0.4% (P less than .001) in eyes in which a viscoelastic was inserted but no air bubbles were introduced (negative control). Endothelial damage in test specimens using air plus Healon averaged 4.9%. Damage in test specimens using air plus Viscoat averaged 0.3% (P less than .02). As demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, many areas in the positive controls and in the Healon test specimens were damaged too extensively to quantitate accurately by the method we used. Thus, Viscoat may prevent or lessen damage to the corneal endothelium by small air bubbles during phacoemulsification.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1990 Sep
PMID:Air bubble endothelial damage during phacoemulsification in human eye bank eyes: the protective effects of Healon and Viscoat. 223 77

This randomized study of 100 patients compared the effects of two viscoelastic agents on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. In 50 patients, sodium hyaluronate was instilled in the anterior chamber before lens insertion and then evacuated. Sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate was instilled in another 50 patients and was not evacuated. Postoperative intraocular pressure increases occurred much less frequently (6% versus 54%) and were milder in the group that received sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate. Mean peak intraocular pressure was reached at 16 hours in both groups; peak pressure was 31.7% higher in the group that received sodium hyaluronate. Better clearance from the eye due to the lower molecular weight of sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate may explain the differences in intraocular pressures between the groups.
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PMID:Postoperative pressures after phacoemulsification: sodium hyaluronate vs. sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate. 250 55

Collagen shields made of porcine collagen were placed in a solution containing tobramycin sulfate (40 or 200 mg/ml) for five minutes, then applied to rabbit eyes. One, four, or eight hours after application, the corneas, aqueous humor samples, and shields were assayed for antibiotic. At all intervals, the concentration of antibiotic in the corneas and aqueous humor samples exceeded the mean inhibitory concentration for tobramycin, as determined for most strains of Pseudomonas. Shields immersed in 200 mg/ml tobramycin produced significantly higher concentrations of antibiotic in the cornea at one hour than subconjunctival injections of tobramycin (20 mg) (P = .0001). Shields immersed in 40 mg/ml tobramycin produced higher, although not significantly higher, concentrations of antibiotic in the cornea at one hour than subconjunctival injections of tobramycin (20 mg) (P = .318). Shields immersed in commercially available tobramycin drops or injectable tobramycin solution (40 mg/ml) caused no epithelial damage visible by slitlamp examination. Collagen shields containing antibiotics can serve as a vehicle for drug delivery and may prove superior to current methods for preoperative and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the initial treatment of bacterial keratitis.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1988 Sep
PMID:Collagen shield drug delivery: therapeutic concentrations of tobramycin in the rabbit cornea and aqueous humor. 318 30

The denaturation behavior of bovine lens gamma-crystallin fractions II, III, and IV and their susceptibility to proteolysis in vitro was compared to determine whether differences in their stability could play a role in cataract formation. Tertiary and secondary structure changes induced by increasing concentrations of urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and sodium dodecyl sulfate and by increasingly alkaline pH were followed by near-UV and far-UV circular dichroism, Trp fluorescence emission, and exposure of sulfhydryl groups. Major differences were found in the denaturation and proteolysis behavior of the three gamma-crystallin fractions. In general, the unfolding of gamma-II and gamma-III crystallins is rather gradual, suggesting the presence of intermediate unfolding states; in contrast, the order-disorder transition of gamma-IV crystallin is abrupt. The gamma-IV crystallin fraction is the most stable in urea and guanidine hydrochloride, but is most susceptible to nonspecific proteolysis and alkaline pH denaturation. Differences in denaturation and proteolysis behavior are attributed to the inherent differences in the tertiary structures of these crystallins.
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PMID:Structure and stability of gamma-crystallins. Denaturation and proteolysis behavior. 329 26

Viscoat is a new viscoelastic solution of chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate dissolved in a phosphate buffer. Recent findings of postoperative corneal deposits in association with its use have been reported to Cilco. The corneal deposits are noted 18 to 48 hours postoperatively and are similar in appearance to calcific band keratopathy. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of this entity are reviewed. Possible methods of treatment and recommendations for prevention are discussed.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Sep
PMID:Corneal opacities secondary to Viscoat. 377 83

Gentamicin sulfate was used in a millipore-filtered irrigating solution for 12,000 cases of anterior segment surgery (extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation) without one occurrence of endophthalmitis. One instance of endophthalmitis occurred in eight cases in which unfiltered gentamicin sulfate solution was used. No side effects have been associated with the use of the millipore-filtered irrigating solution.
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PMID:Prevention of endophthalmitis by intraocular solution filtration and antibiotics. 387 69

Systemic findings in a 23-year-old white man with mucolipidosis type IV included early delayed psychomotor development, mental retardation, and mild facial dysplasia. There was urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate. Ophthalmologic examination showed corneal haze, pigmentary retinopathy, and severe optic atrophy. Light microscopy showed massively engorged superficial and intermediate epithelial cells of both the cornea and the conjunctiva. By transmission electron microscopy these contained fine granular material consistent with acid mucopolysaccharide and concentric lamellar bodies presumably representing phospholipids. This storage phenomenon was also found in macrophages, plasma cells, ciliary epithelial cells, Schwann cells, retinal ganglion cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Light microscopy also disclosed early cataract formation, marked outer retinal degeneration, and optic atrophy.
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PMID:Ocular abnormalities in mucolipidosis IV. 391 53

Water-soluble and water-insoluble polypeptides from nuclei of clear vs. opaque and brunescent human lenses were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Treatment of the nitrocellulose blots with monospecific antisera to human alpha and beta crystallin and to antisera against the Major Intrinsic Polypeptide (MIP26) of lens membrane demonstrated no difference in binding between microdissected sections of clear vs. opaque (and brunescent) nuclei. In contrast, treatment of nitrocellulose blots with monospecific antisera to human gamma crystallin demonstrated little or no binding to polypeptides from opaque (and brunescent) nuclei as compared with age-matched clear nuclei. These results demonstrate the selective involvement of gamma crystallins in opacification (and brunescence) in the human lens nucleus, and strongly suggest the presence of covalent changes of the gamma crystallin molecule during development of the human nuclear cataract.
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PMID:Characterization of polypeptides from human nuclear cataracts by Western blot analysis. 397 61


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