Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens insertion combined with the Pearce trabeculectomy (PE/PCL/P-TRX) in patients with coexistent cataract and glaucoma was evaluated retrospectively. The Pearce trabeculectomy is a form of nonfiltration glaucoma surgery in which an inner block containing trabecular meshwork is excised under a scleral-pocket incision which is closed tightly. Thirty consecutive eyes sustained a reduction of mean intraocular pressure from 21.0 +/- 4.4 mm Hg to 16.6 +/- 3.3 mm Hg after PE/PCL/P-TRX at one year (P less than .001). The average number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.9 to 0.8 postoperatively. At one year, 60% (18 of 30) of eyes treated with PE/PCL/P-TRX had intraocular pressures less than 21 mm Hg without medications.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 May
PMID:Surgical outcome of phacoemulsification combined with the Pearce trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma. 159 37

Report on the changes in the corneal refractive power of 284 eyes surgically treated for cataract, in which an IOL had been implanted. The mean corneal refractive power of the eyes was 43.31 +/- 1.43 D preoperatively and 43.39 +/- 1.46 D postoperatively (16th week). The postoperative astigmatism of 215 eyes in which a PCL had been implanted after ECCE was not higher than 1.1 +/- 1.1 D in the 16th postoperative week after selected removal of the nylon sutures. This study demonstrates that there is no statistically significant change in the mean corneal refractive power after cataract surgery with IOL implantation.
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PMID:[Change in corneal refractive power following artificial lens implantation]. 408 4

Five patients with specific indications for photorefractive and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PRK and PTK) by excimer laser at 193 nm were treated successfully: they had presented with epithelial dystrophy of the cornea, amyloid, von Szilly's scleroperikartitis, myopia after cataract extraction and before secondary implantation of an intraocular lens in the other eye, and myopia. In all cases it was possible to avoid extensive surgical procedures such as lamellar keratoplasty or intraocular lens exchange. There were no recurrences in the patients with superficial corneal diseases, and the patients who had undergone PRK were within 0.25 Dpt of the target acuity. The follow-up was between 8 months and 1 year.
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PMID:[Special indications for photorefractive (PRK) and phototherapeutic (PTK) excimer laser keratotomies. A presentation of 5 cases]. 754 22

The early reactions of the eye to radiation are conjunctivitis and, with higher doses, corneal damage. The inflammatory reactions are transient and remit within a few weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Doses above 60 Gy can produce corneal ulcerations with the risk of perforation and loss of the eye. The most frequent late reaction of the eye is cataract of the lens. The tolerance dose (about 5 Gy) is extremely low and the latent period varies from 6 months to 3 years. The lens in children has a much lower tolerance. The increasing potential for optical support and ophthalmic surgery over recent decades has reduced the fear of this complication. The most severe late complications are retinopathy (RR) and neuropathy of the optic nerve (RON), both of which are caused by radiation-induced microangiopathy. Visual loss is very frequent and complete blindness is seen with high doses in the range of 50-60 Gy. The latent period of these injuries varies widely from 1 month to 15 years, but they usually occur within 3 years of treatment. Conflicting frequencies are reported in the literature. Beyond 30 Gy, usually no RR is seen. However, the lowest recorded dose producing RR is 11 Gy. In the high dose range of 60-70 Gy RR and RON are found in 10%-100% of patients. There is a great need for prospective trials to estimate the true risk to patients with nasopharyngeal, maxillo-ethmoidal, and orbital tumors, pituitary adenomas, and tumors of the salivary glands. To minimize complications of radiotherapy to the eyes daily fractions should be reduced to 1.7-1.8Gy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Eye sequelae following external irradiation. 836 92

Small-incision cataract surgery with scleral tunnel incision and one-stitch horizontal or sutureless wound closure has been found to be an effective way to reduce postoperative astigmatism and to guarantee greater stability of the wound with rapid visual rehabilitation. In some studies surgically induced astigmatism by different wound constructions and wound-closure techniques has been compared to determine the astigmatism induced. Different calculation methods were used leading to different results. Therefore, we evaluated the induced astigmatism in 50 patients operated on by scleral tunnel incision, phacoemulsification with PCL implantation and single-stitch wound closure. We analyzed induced astigmatism on the first postoperative day and 3 months postoperatively by different methods: the simple subtraction method (0.91 and 0.30 D), Naeser's polar value method (-0.74 and -0.75 D), the vector analysis method of Jaffe (2.53 and 1.19 D) and two calculations described by Cravy. Depending on the formula used, different results were obtained. The subtraction method disregards axis change and is less precise. The vector analysis methods obtain the highest values for induced astigmatism and seem to be the most precise for evaluating the real amount of induced postoperative astigmatism.
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PMID:[Calculating the induced, computerized tomography measured corneal astigmatism after cataract surgery with small incision technique and wound closure with single suture technique based on various mathematical models]. 837 28

Hyperopic automated lamellar keratoplasty (H-ALK) is a refractive procedure that corrects low to moderate hyperopia of up to +5.00 diopters (D). In this retrospective series, we examined the efficacy, predictability, and safety of H-ALK in 85 eyes in 49 patients. Follow-up was from 4 to 34 weeks (mean 18 weeks). Eyes were divided into three subsets: those in which we attempted an emmetropic result (n = 45), those in which we attempted to reduce, but not eliminate, hyperopia greater than 5.00 D (n = 23), and those in which we attempted a monovision result of -1.50 D (n = 17). In the eyes in which we attempted emmetropia, 76% achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 78.6% were within a range of -1.00 to +0.87 D. In those in which we attempted monovision, 47% achieved a spherical equivalent result between -2.50 and -1.00 D because of a tendency toward undercorrection. In those in which we attempted to reduce hyperopia, there was a mean correction of 4.33 D (standard deviation 1.36 D), with a range of 2.12 to 6.75 D. The most significant complication was a reduction in best corrected visual acuity of one to three lines in 11 of 85 eyes; this was transient in six eyes. These preliminary results compare favorably with those of other procedures to correct hyperopia.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Jul
PMID:Automated lamellar keratoplasty for the correction of hyperopia. 852 79

In a prospective study ten commercially available anterior chamber lenses with S-shaped haptics and multipoint support were implanted into the posterior chamber in cases of secondary lens implantation after intracapsular cataract operation. The lenses were trans-sclerally fixed by two sutures through the ciliary sulcus. They showed more immediate stability than ten C-loop posterior chamber lenses of a control group and remained firmly fixed without complications during a follow-up of up to 54 months. To overcome the disadvantages of suture fixation a sutureless sulcus self-fixation PCL was developed and implanted into six eyes with special indications. After more than one year of follow-up no late adverse reaction was noted.
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PMID:Sulcus fixated posterior chamber lenses with and without suture in cases lacking capsular support. 899 79

Excimer lasers and high technology instrumentation have ushered in a new era of vision improvement surgery in Hawaii, replacing the more traditional forms of refractive surgery: cataract surgery, corneal transplant surgery, and radial keratotomy. Corneal surgery has been enhanced by new techniques of microsurgery and a more effective tissue procurement system for donor corneal tissue. Several laser centers provide the latest in FDA-approved excimer laser procedures including PRK and PTK. Mild to moderate myopia and astigmatism may now be corrected. Off-label use of LASIK, too, may soon be realized.
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PMID:Corneal & refractive surgery. 933 56

Craniosynostosis caused by genetic factors includes a heterogeneous group of over 100 syndromes, most with autosomal dominant inheritance. Mutations in five genes (FGFR1-, -2, -3, TWIST, and MSX2) causing craniosynostosis as the main clinical feature were described. In most of these conditions, there are also limb malformations. We report a two-generation kindred segregating microcornea, optic nerve alterations and cataract since childhood, craniosynostosis, and distal limb alterations, with a great clinical intrafamilial variability. The ophthalmological problems here described seem to be unique to this genealogy while similar feet alterations were apparently only described in two other affected siblings with acro-cranial-facial dysostosis syndrome (ADS). However, ADS has an autosomal recessive inheritance instead of the dominant pattern of the present genealogy. The candidate exons of the five genes previously mentioned were tested through sequencing analysis presenting normal results in all cases. Therefore, clinical and laboratory analyses in our patients suggest that their phenotype represents a new syndrome very likely caused by mutation in a gene different from those studied.
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PMID:Craniosynostosis associated with ocular and distal limb defects is very likely caused by mutations in a gene different from FGFR, TWIST, and MSX2. 1240 13

Multiple endocrine neoplasia-like syndrome (MENX) is a hereditary cancer syndrome in the rat characterized by inborn cataract and multiple tumors affecting the neuroendocrine system developed within the first year of life. The spectrum of affected organs is intermediate between MEN type 1 (MEN1) and MEN type 2 (MEN2) syndromes in human, but, in contrast to them, MENX is inherited in a recessive fashion. Here we report the mapping of the MENX locus to rat Chromosome (Chr) 4 by a genome-wide linkage analysis. This analysis was done in 41 animals obtained from a (Wistar/Nhg x SDwe) x SDwe interstrain backcross, where SDwe (Sprague-Dawley white eye) indicates the affected animals. The MENX disease locus was ultimately mapped to a approximately 22-cM interval on Chr 4 that includes the rat homolog of the human RET proto-oncogene. As activating point mutations of RET are known to be responsible for MEN2 in human, we analyzed several markers located in the proximity of Ret for linkage to the disease phenotype. Our data exclude Ret involvement in MENX and establish that a second gene, playing a role in endocrine tumor formation, lies within the distal part of rat Chr 4. Although heritable human endocrine tumors are quite rare, sporadic tumors of MEN-affected tissues occur at a much higher frequency, and their pathogenesis is poorly understood. The identification of the MENX gene should contribute to our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of neuroendocrine tissue tumorigenesis and may assist in developing new and more appropriate therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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PMID:Mapping of a novel MEN-like syndrome locus to rat chromosome 4. 1505 84


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