Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 1,008 cases and 469 controls, aged 45-79 years, were included in a clinic-based case-control study of age-related cataract in Parma, Italy, from 1987 to 1989. Associations were examined between specific types of cataract and physiologic, behavioral, environmental, and biochemical factors. Cases included subjects with pure cortical (n = 489), pure nuclear (n = 110), pure posterior subcapsular (n = 28), and mixed (n = 381) cataracts. With polychotomous logistic regression, an increased risk of cataract was found for females (cortical; odds ratio (OR) = 2.20) and persons with less than a high school education (all types; OR = 1.53), brown irises (nuclear, mixed; OR = 1.43), job locations in the sunlight (cortical, mixed; OR = 1.75), leisure time activities in the sunlight (cortical, mixed; OR = 1.45), a history of wearing a hat in summertime (posterior subcapsular, cortical, mixed; OR = 1.80), a positive family history of cataract (posterior subcapsular, cortical, mixed; OR = 1.88), a history of cortisone use (posterior subcapsular; OR = 8.39), increased red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (cortical, nuclear, mixed; OR = 1.36), and increased serum levels of uric acid (posterior subcapsular; OR = 1.62), lactic dehydrogenase (posterior subcapsular; OR = 1.76) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (mixed; OR = 1.22). A decreased risk of cataract was found for persons with a positive history of arthritis (posterior subcapsular, nuclear, mixed; OR = 0.56) and increased handgrip strength (mixed; OR = 0.68). Findings from our study, combined with previously reported evidence, suggest that associations with educational status, cortisone use, sunlight exposure, and handgrip strength are real. Other findings require further evaluation.
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PMID:Risk factors for age-related cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The Italian-American Cataract Study Group. 167 83

Nonprotein SH groups and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were detected in the lacrimal fluid of patients with open-angle glaucoma and senile cataract and in controls (in 82 and 100% of the examinees, respectively). In stage II glaucoma SH group level was found reduced vs. that in stage I or control. Intake of lipoic acid by patients with stage II glaucoma resulted in a reliable increase of lacrimal SH group level. Measurements of lacrimal fluid nonprotein SH groups may be used to monitor antioxidant therapy of patients with open-angle glaucoma.
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PMID:[The effect of lipoic acid on the components of the glutathione system in the lacrimal fluid of patients with open-angle glaucoma]. 790 64

The present study was undertaken to analyse the relationship of lens glutathione (GSH) and light to cataract development in mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). These mice have reduced levels of cysteine and GSH in the eye and develop cataracts. GGT-deficient mice raised under normal vivarium conditions, showed no cataractous changes at birth, but by 1 week they had developed nuclear opacities. By 3 weeks more severe cataracts develop, and lens GSH levels are approximately 6-7% of wild type levels. By 6-11 weeks cataracts show nuclear and cortical involvement, liquefaction and calcification. Single cell DNA electrophoresis (comet assay) demonstrated mild DNA damage in the lens epithelium. GGT-deficient mice raised in the dark beginning the day after conception all developed cataracts, but these were less severe than those in GGT-deficient mice raised with normal vivarium lighting. Administration of N -acetyl cysteine (NAC) raises lens GSH and almost completely prevents cataract development. Our data indicate that cataract development in GGT-deficient mice is multifactorial and results from exogenous damage (exposure to light), reduced lens GSH levels, and nutritional effects secondary to low cysteine levels.
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PMID:Cataract development in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-deficient mice. 1109 9